A TEM study on the microstructure of spark plasma sintered ZrB_2-based composite with nano-sized SiC dopant

Sintering behavior of ZrB_2 ceramic with nano-sized SiC dopant was studied. ZrB_2-25 vol% nano-sized SiC was selected as the starting mixture to fabricate the composite. The manufacturing process was accomplished at 1800℃ for 5 min under 25 MPa via spark plasma sintering(SPS). The as-sintered sample reached a relative density of 99%. Besides the initial phases, namely ZrB_2 and SiC, the high-resolution X-ray diffraction(HRXRD) was used to study the formation of an in-situ ZrC phase. The possible chemical interactions during the ZrC phase formation were scrutinized. The microstructure of the composite was studied by the field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). Elemental analysis through FESEM evaluations revealed the formation of amorphous phases, rich in Zr, C, Si, B, and O elements, which was in harmony with the thermodynamical assessments. TEM studies endorsed the formation of such phases, containing a glassy bed of Si–B–O with ZrC and C islands dispersed therein.     

Maxwell's role in turning the concept of model into the methodology of modeling

This is a contribution towards a history and philosophy of modeling in its early stages in electromagnetism. In 1873, James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879) hinted at the methodology of modeling at the end of his Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism. We focus on Maxwell's impact on physicists who immediately followed him, specifically Oliver Lodge (1851–1940) and George Francis FitzGerald (1851–1901). We begin with the role that the scientific concept of model played in the late nineteenth century, as assessed by Ludwig Boltzmann (1844–1906). We then discuss the role of hypothesis as a methodology, the appeal to (dynamical) illustration, and the way Maxwell applied model and working model in his studies of electromagnetism. We show that for Maxwell these key terms were kept distinct, but Lodge did not maintain these distinctions and, in this regard, FitzGerald followed Lodge. Notwithstanding Lodge's influence, Fitzgerald modified Maxwell's theory based on the mechanical model he designed, thereby implicitly taking the first step towards modeling. This methodology consists in drawing consequences from the (mechanical) model to the (electrodynamic) theory and modifying the latter in light of the functioning of the former. At the core of our argument is the thesis that it was a methodological novelty to move from the concept of model to the methodology of modeling. The introduction of modeling as a new methodology into physics in the late nineteenth century was a major event which deserves proper recognition.     

球形压头的滑动速度对材料微米划痕响应的影响

在恒定的法向载荷下,使用Rockwell C 120°金刚石压头对聚碳酸酯(PC)、熔融石英、紫铜和镁合金AZ31进行微米划痕测试,研究滑动速度对试样划痕响应的影响.压入深度小于压头的球锥转变深度,确保仅有压头顶端的圆球部分与试样接触.结果表明:随着滑动速度的增加,压入深度、残余深度和划痕沟槽的宽度均非线性减小,划痕硬度和弹性恢复率均非线性增大;PC和紫铜的划痕摩擦系数先增大后减小,PC的黏弹性行为对其摩擦响应有显著影响;熔融石英的划痕摩擦系数先增大后减小,最后趋于稳定;镁合金AZ31的划痕摩擦系数先减小后增大.熔融石英、紫铜和镁合金AZ31的划痕摩擦系数的变化趋势可通过几何接触模型进行解释.     

基于40Cr高温动态力学性能的磨削表面动态再结晶行为

通过分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)实验得到了40Cr合金钢在高温高应变率下真应力-真应变曲线，据此确定了材料发生动态再结晶的临界条件.采用解析法和实验法分别求解了磨削强化层的温度场和塑性应变场分布.结果表明，磨削强化层在磨削深度方向具有较大的温度和塑性应变梯度;150μm强化层内会发生奥氏体转变;磨削表面最高温度可达1060℃.在磨削亚表面60μm内会产生剧烈的塑性变形，达到了再结晶的临界条件.较大的磨削深度使磨削强化层塑性应变增大，再结晶现象越充分，微观组织细化程度越高.     

基于Mesh网的矿工心电信号无线监测系统研究

在矿难事故发生后实时监测被困矿工的生命体征,能够给营救工作提供重要的信息参考,因此设计了一款基于Mesh网的矿工心电信号无线监测系统.通过ADS1292心电检测模块对矿工的实时心电信息进行监测,然后将心电数据经过STM32F103单片机处理后通过OLED屏显示出来.同时,处理后的数据还可以通过无线组网模块发送至上位机进行显示,从而实现对井下采煤工人生命体征进行远程监测的目的.测试结果表明:该系统可以准确获取矿工心电信号波形,实测心率误差不超过4％,具有良好的应用前景和实用价值.     

基于概率神经网络的地铁车站易损性分析

基于深度学习方法提出了一种地震响应概率模型，并基于此模型推导了地铁车站结构极限状态超越概率的计算公式，以评价结构的地震易损性。首先采用主成分分析对地震强度指标进行正交化和降维；为了克服传统地震响应概率模型中地震动强度指标与结构地震响应指标服从对数空间线性分布假设的局限性，基于BP神经网络建立趋势模型以预测结构的地震响应；基于概率神经网络建立误差模型以描述基于统计的趋势模型与基于物理机制的数值模型之间的误差，以拓展残差的齐次方差正态分布假设的严格限制。最后，以上海典型2层三跨地铁车站为算例，计算得到其易损性曲线。结果表明，基于深度学习建立的趋势模型较好地模拟了地铁车站结构地震响应随地震强度指标第一主成分的非线性变化特征；建立的误差模型准确地描述了趋势模型预测值的残差随地震强度指标第一主成分的方差非齐次特征。     

基于最小二乘法对GM(1.1)模型的研究及应用

针对提高股票未来价格的预测精度,提出区间模糊数的整体GM(1.1)预测模型.利用最优解求解定义方程,得到区间模糊数的预测公式.基于区间模糊数满意度对投资组合选择模型进行优化,得到单目标规划投资选择模型.通过实例分析,给定不同的满意度得到不同的投资组合,证明模型具有一定的柔性.     

大攻角下典型主梁断面颤振临界风速数值模拟

针对大攻角下主梁断面颤振稳定性问题,基于计算流体动力学软件ANSYS FLU-ENT用户自定义函数UDFs和动网格技术,结合Newmark-β法建立了桥梁主梁断面二维流固耦合分析方法,采用该方法在不同攻角下(0°、±3°、±5°、±8°)对薄平板和流线型箱梁断面颤振稳定性进行数值模拟研究,并将数值模拟结果与风洞试验研究结果进行了比较.结果表明:薄平板和流线型箱梁断面的颤振临界风速数值模拟结果与风洞试验结果吻合较好,验证了本文所建立的桥梁主梁断面二维流固耦合分析方法的精度.薄平板断面的颤振临界风速随攻角的增大显著降低;流线型箱梁断面在正攻角范围内颤振临界风速随着攻角的增大而降低,在负攻角范围内颤振临界风速随攻角绝对值的增加先增大后降低;当攻角较大时,薄平板断面和流线型主梁断面均表现出"钝体"特征,气流绕过断面前缘时发生分离,沿断面上下缘产生较大的涡,从而导致主梁断面颤振临界风速降低.     

环境规制、政府研发投入与全要素生产率 ——基于省级面板数据的分析

使用空间计量模型对我国除西藏外的30个省区市和东、中、西部各区域环境规制强度、政府研发投入对地区全要素生产率的影响进行了理论与实证分析,研究表明环境规制对地区生产率提升存在显著抑制作用,环境规制政策影响企业在创新方面的投资,约束地区生产率的提升;政府研发资金投入有利于提高企业研发积极性与市场竞争力,提升地区生产效率;东部地区政府研发投入对生产率的影响程度较小,中部地区环境规制强度对生产率的影响最大.     

国产计算机的环境适应能力优化与可靠性提升研究

以国产计算机(龙芯3A3000+7A1000)为研究对象,分析其基于车载环境计算资源受限情况下的环境适应能力,通过压力测试和可靠性摸底实验进行验证与改进,采用冒烟测试获取计算机平台的环境适应阈值,并提出计算环境适应能力优化与可靠性提升的解决方案.