Mesenchymal–epithelial interactions during digestive tract development and epithelial stem cell regeneration

The gastrointestinal tract develops from a simple and uniform tube into a complex organ with specific differentiation patterns along the anterior–posterior and dorso-ventral axes of asymmetry. It is derived from all three germ layers and their cross-talk is important for the regulated development of fetal and adult gastrointestinal structures and organs. Signals from the adjacent mesoderm are essential for the morphogenesis of the overlying epithelium. These mesenchymal–epithelial interactions govern the development and regionalization of the different gastrointestinal epithelia and involve most of the key morphogens and signaling pathways, such as the Hedgehog, BMPs, Notch, WNT, HOX, SOX and FOXF cascades. Moreover, the mechanisms underlying mesenchyme differentiation into smooth muscle cells influence the regionalization of the gastrointestinal epithelium through interactions with the enteric nervous system. In the neonatal and adult gastrointestinal tract, mesenchymal–epithelial interactions are essential for the maintenance of the epithelial regionalization and digestive epithelial homeostasis. Disruption of these interactions is also associated with bowel dysfunction potentially leading to epithelial tumor development. In this review, we will discuss various aspects of the mesenchymal–epithelial interactions observed during digestive epithelium development and differentiation and also during epithelial stem cell regeneration.     

Updating the mechanisms of common fragile site instability: how to reconcile the different views?

Common fragile sites (CFSs) are large chromosomal regions long identified by conventional cytogenetics as sequences prone to breakage in cells subjected to replication stress. The interest in CFSs came from their key role in the formation of DNA damage, resulting in chromosomal rearrangements. The instability of CFSs was notably correlated with the appearance of genome instability in precancerous lesions and during tumor progression. Identification of the molecular mechanisms responsible for their instability therefore represents a major challenge. A number of data show that breaks result from mitotic entry before replication completion but the mechanisms responsible for such delayed replication of CFSs and relaxed checkpoint surveillance are still debated. In addition, clues to the molecular events leading to breakage just start to emerge. We present here the results of recent reports addressing these questions.     

甲状腺冰对蜡块与冰剩蜡块免疫组织化学染色效果比较

目的通过对甲状腺冰对蜡块与冰剩蜡块免疫组织化学染色效果进行对照观察．发现冰对蜡块与冰剩蜡块对免疫组织化学染包效果的差异，为选择冰对蜡块与冰剩蜡块做免疫组织化学提供理论实践依据。方法3冰对蜡块与冰剩蜡块分别切片用EnVision法做TTF-1，CK19，Gal—3，HBME—1．TPO,TG免疫组织化学染色。结果对TTF—1．CK19．Gal-3，HBME-1，TPO，TG免疫组织化学染色结果的背景．定位进行分析．冰对蜡块与冰剩蜡块免疫组织化学染色各项指标阳性率完全一致。结论冰对蜡块与冰剩蜡块分别做免疫组织化学染色结果无明显差别．在没有冰剩蜡块或冰剩蜡块不符合要求时选择冰对蜡块做免坡组化．结果对诊断无影响。     

PBL教学法在分子生物学实验教学中的应用

文章采用问卷调查和考核方式评价了PBL在分子生物学实验课中应用的效果，结果得出：80％-100％的学生认为PBL教学强化了学生自主学习、交往和团队合作等各种能力，86％的学生认为PBL教学模式应该推广。实验考核的结果显示PBL教学组成绩显著优于对照组（p〈0．05），PBL教学效果好于传统教学。     

一种动态校正的AGMM-GPR多模型软测量建模方法

工业过程常常是强非线性的,并有多个工况,传统的软测量方法存在预测能力差,不能有效利用误差信息等缺点.为了有效解决这些问题,提出一种基于自适应高斯混合模型-高斯过程回归(AGMM-GPR)的多模型动态校正软测量建模方法.首先,通过贝叶斯信息准则构建自适应高斯混合模型(AGMM),得到优化的子模型个数;然后,利用GPR方法建立各局部模型,当新的数据到来时,将其隶属于各局部模型的后验概率和预测值融合得到多模型输出;最后,为了进一步提高模型的精度,构建自回归积分滑动平均(ARIMA)模型对多模型输出进行动态反馈校正.通过数值仿真和硫回收装置(SRU)中H2S浓度的估计,验证了所提方法具有良好的预测精度和泛化性能.     

阻抗测量法及梁的阻抗应答分析

提出了利用压电陶瓷的阻抗测量法的概念,即用压电陶瓷作为驱动源产生动态阻抗信息.测试系统由阻抗分析仪、计算机、压电陶瓷片、铝梁组成.实验将铝梁作为测试对象,在其上粘贴压电陶瓷,通过对阻抗应答、振动模型和压电陶瓷片的粘贴位置的分析,研究梁的阻抗频率特性.实验结果表明,利用阻抗法,容易得到构造物的频率响应特性,应答分析也简单.     

附加应力沿深度变化的砂井地基固结分析

基于等应变固结的假设,考虑附加应力沿地基深度的变化以及涂抹效应和井阻的影响,导出砂井地基固结偏微分方程,求得孔隙水压力和平均固结度的解析解.在随时间变化的预压荷载作用下,对把初始孔隙水压力和附加应力简化为沿深度梯形分布的固结性状进行比较.结果表明,对于深厚砂井地基,附加应力和初始孔隙水压力分布对固结过程具有明显影响,若按均匀分布计算,所得的平均固结度偏小.     

满天星中的黄酮类化合物及其抗氧化活性

 对石竹科花卉植物满天星(Gypsophila elegans)进行化学成分研究,通过波谱技术鉴定化合物结构,得到6 个黄酮苷化合物,分别为2″-O-α-L-阿拉伯糖异荭草苷(1)、芹黄素-6-C--7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(2)、芹黄素-8-C-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(3)、肥皂草苷(4)、芹黄素-7-O-槐糖苷(5)、异牡荆素-2″-O-β-D -吡喃葡萄糖苷(6).除化合物4为首次从该植物中分离得到外,其它化合物均为首次从石竹科植物中分离得到.并采用DPPH自由基清除模型对分离得到的化合物进行了抗氧化活性筛选,化合物1显示出强抗氧化活性.