Borel归约与Banach空间之间的有穷(M1/M2)嵌入

对一个可分的Banach空间X以及一个在0点满足△2条件的Orlicz函数M,考察了XN上的等价关系E(X,M):(x,y)∈E(X,M)(=)∑M(n∈N)(‖ y(n)-x(n)‖)＜∞,给出了E(X,M1)能够Borel归约到E(y,M2)的一个充分条件与一个必要条件.     

2-α-羟基熊果酸对人白血病细胞HL-60的周期阻滞及凋亡作用

利用台盼蓝法、吖啶橙/溴乙锭双染检测法和流式细胞术检测了2α-羟基熊果酸对人急性早幼粒白血病细胞株HL-60的增殖、凋亡和细胞周期的影响。结果表明,在低浓度（15-30μmol.l-1）时药物抑制HL-60细胞的生长,高浓度（30,35μmol.l-1）对细胞有致死效应,且呈现剂量依赖和时间依赖性;双染分析表明,药物能够诱导细胞凋亡,随着药物浓度增加和处理时间的延长,细胞凋亡率上升,并且伴有少量细胞坏死;进一步用流式细胞术检测,发现在20μmol.l-1时,2α-羟基熊果酸引起明显的G1期阻滞,随着药物浓度升高,周期阻滞作用明显加强。因此,细胞周期阻滞可能是药物抑制细胞增殖进而引起凋亡的原因。     

正交试验法确定烟草甲成虫羧酸酯酶反应的最适条件

应用正交表L25(56)设计正交试验,研究了羧酸酯酶质量浓度、体积分数浓度、反应体系的pH值、反应温度和反应时间等5个因素对烟草甲成虫羧酸酯酶活性检测的影响,并从试验组合中选出最佳条件.在进行极差分析、方差分析和多重比较后,选择各因素的最优水平,得到了烟草甲成虫羧酸酯酶活性测定的最适条件,即酶的质量浓度为1头/mL、底物的体积分数为5.0×10-4 mo1/L,pH值为7.5,温度为42℃,时间为10 min.     

加强合同管理,增强索赔意识,提高经济效益

文章通过施工实践中的几个索赔事件的处理,介绍了合同管理对施工企业的重要性,施工过程中3个阶段的合同管理及索赔的步骤。     

The effect of nanohybrid materials on the pour-point and viscosity depressing of waxy crude oil

The pipeline transportation of waxy crude oil is a problem both at home and abroad.In this paper,a novel nanohybrid pour-point depressant (PPD) was used to decrease the pour point and viscosity of waxy crude oil.The pour point and apparent viscosity of waxy crude oil was decreased significantly upon addition of the nanohybrid PPD,and the long-term stability of the nanohybrid PPD was superior to that of a conventional ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer PPD.Polarized optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to study the effect of the nanohybrid PPD on the crystallization of crude oil.Addition of the nanohybrid PPD reduced the amount of wax crystals,prevented their aggregation,and reduced the temperature at which the crude oil started to crystallize.The significant effect of this nanohybrid PPD on the pour point and viscosity depressing of crude oil is of great importance for facilitating the safe,efficient and energy-minimized transportation of waxy crude oil.     

能量存储:基于全新原理的“纳米弹簧”

许多机械装置如钟表、玩具等都采用弹簧来驱动,其能量的存储与释放是通过弹簧内部原子间距的变化来实现的。但是这种原子间距的变化(即弹性变形)所能存储的体能量密度相对很低,如何提高能量的转换效率以及材料存储的能量密度是当前材料科学理论和实验研究共同关注的一个问题。本研究利用金属钨单晶纳米线在加载时独特的孪晶变形行为,提出了一个可以在纳米尺度下高效存储与释放机械能的新原理,并据此设计了相应的纳米装置——纳米弹簧。与块体弹簧不同,本文提出的纳米弹簧通过表面原子的重构来实现能量的存储与释放。进一步的计算还表明,由于金属钨孪晶界面的移动阻力非常小,金属钨纳米弹簧的能量转换效率可以达到98%;同时该纳米弹簧存储的体能量密度可以超过钟表发条的1600倍,并具有30%的应变以及3GPa的驱动应力。     

让小学生全员有效参与科学课外创新实践活动

小学生参与科学课外创新实践活动,既是教育改革的需要,又是科学教学的重要组成.由于教育和社会的种种原因,目前小学科学课外实践活动都局限于少数和部分学生参与,这对全体学生科学素质的培养极为不利.我们要采用各种措施,促进全体学生有效参与科学课外创新实践活动,为国家的未来培养更多的创新人才.     

Spatial prisoner’s dilemma games with increasing size of the interaction neighborhood on regular lattices

We studied the evolution of cooperation in the prisoner’s dilemma game on a square lattice where the size of the interaction neighborhood is considered. Firstly, the effects of noise and the cost-to-benefit ratio on the maintenance of cooperation were investigated. The results indicate that the cooperation frequency depends on the noise and cost-to-benefit ratio: cooperation reaches a climax as noise increases, but it monotonously decreases and even vanishes with the ratio increasing. Furthermore, we investigated how the size of the interaction neighborhood affects the emergence of cooperation in detail. Our study demonstrates that cooperation is remarkably enhanced by an increase in the size of the interaction neighborhood. However, cooperation died out when the size of the interaction neighborhood became too large since the system was similar to the mean-field system. On this basis, a cluster-forming mechanism acting among cooperators was also explored, and it showed that the moderate range of the neighborhood size is beneficial for forming larger cooperative clusters. Finally, large-scale Monte Carlo simulations were carried out to visualize and interpret these phenomena explicitly.     

Pedigree transmission disequilibrium test for quantitative traits in farm animals

General pedigrees are very common in farm animals,and the recent availability of large panels of SNPs in domestic species has given new momentum to the search for the mutations underlying variation in quantitative traits.In this paper,we proposed a new transmission disequilibrium test approach,called the pedigree transmission disequilibrium test,which deals with general pedigrees and quantitative traits in farm animals.Compared with the existing pedigree disequilibrium test (PDT) and general linear model-based method QTDT,our approach performed better with higher power and lower type I error,especially in scenarios where the quantitative trait locus (QTL) effect was small.We also investigated the application of our approach in selective genotyping design.Our simulation studies indicated that it was plausible to implement a selective genotyping strategy in the proposed pedigree transmission disequilibrium test.We found that our approach performed equally well or better when only some proportion of the individuals in the two tails were genotyped compared with its performance when all the individuals in the pedigree were genotyped.     

Biosorption and biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by Phanerochaete chrysosporium in aqueous solution

Biosorption and biodegradation of phenanthrene and pyrene by live and heat-killed Phanerochaete chrysosporium are investigated to elucidate the bio-dissipation mechanisms of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in aqueous solution and its regulating factors.The effects of nutrient conditions(carbon source and nitrogen source concentrations),the co-existing Cu 2+,and repeated-batch feed of PAHs on the biosorption and biodegradation are systematically studied.The removal of PAHs by dead bodies of P.chrysosporium is attributed to biosorption only,and the respective partition coefficients of phenanthrene and pyrene are 4040 and 17500 L/kg.Both biosorption and biodegradation contribute to the dissipation of PAHs by live P.chrysosporium in water.After a 3-d incubation,the removal percentage via biosorption are 19.71% and 52.21% for phenanthrene and pyrene,respectively.With the increase of the incubation time(3 40 d),biodegradation gradually increases from 20.40% to 60.62% for phenanthrene,and from 15.55% to 49.21% for pyrene.Correspondingly,the stored-PAHs in the fungal bodies decrease.Under the carbon-rich and nitrogen-limit nutrient conditions,the removal efficiency and biodegradation of phenanthrene and pyrene are significantly promoted,i.e.99.55% and 92.77% for phenanthrene,and 99.47% and 83.97% for pyrene after a 60-d incubation.This phenomenon is ascribed to enhanced-biosorption due to the increase of fungal biomass under carbon-rich condition,and to stimulated-biodegradation under nitrogen-limit condition.For the repeated-batch feed of phenanthrene,the pollutant is continuously removed by live P.chrysosporium,and the contribution of biodegradation is enhanced with the repeated cycles.After 3 cycles,the biodegradation percentage is up to 90% with each cycle of a 6-d incubation.