汽轮机调节级非定常流动的数值模拟及汽流激振力研究

针对汽轮机调节级的非定常效应产生汽流激振力的问题,基于ANSYS CFX软件,采用RNGk-ε湍流模型、双时间步法、滑移界面模型和结构化六面体网格对带有进汽室和加强筋的汽轮机调节级进行了全周三维非定常黏性流场的数值模拟.研究发现:调节级非定常时均轮周效率低于定常轮周效率;动叶在进出堵塞区域时存在较大的轴向汽流力和切向汽流力;低频汽流激振力的基频为50Hz;汽流压力和静熵在不同截面的周向分布差异较大,在向下游运动过程中逐渐趋于平均;堵塞区域的动叶通道掺混损失及鼓风损失较大,其将影响动叶的做功能力,进入堵塞区域时动叶吸力面首先受到影响.     

级配碎石力学性能的颗粒流数值模拟方法

为了从本质上揭示级配碎石组成结构与力学性能的内在关系,基于2维颗粒流软件提出了级配碎石力学性能的颗粒流数值模拟方法,并通过该方法以安康瀛湖石灰岩碎石为例研究了级配碎石的力学性能.结果表明:不同级配碎石的CBR(california bearing raio)、剪切强度和抗压强度的实测值分别为495%~692%,592~802kPa,1.29~1.54MPa;相应的模拟值分别为525%~736%,636~839kPa,1.34~1.54MPa;平均误差分别为4.50%,5.07%,5.15%.模拟结果与实测结果基本吻合,证明颗粒流数值模拟方法应用于级配碎石力学性能研究中的可行性.     

面向空气信道传播的DCT域音频数字水印算法

提出了一种基于双DCT变换的音频数字水印算法,通过选取首次DCT变换后的DCT域低频系数,对其再次进行DCT变换,得到双DCT域系数.通过修改双DCT域系数,实现水印的嵌入,并且嵌入量较大.实验结果显示,该算法隐藏效果好,对30%的重采样攻击和MP3压缩攻击具有很好的鲁棒性.而且,该算法能够适用于面向空气信道传播的场景,误码率可控制在1.2%～6.5%之间.     

不同表面活性剂对Sn基底表面银纳米粒子薄膜的原位生长及其光学性能的影响

以Sn基底为活性基底,通过不同表面活性剂的作用,采用原位置换法在其表面制备出形貌各异的银纳米粒子薄膜材料.采用扫描电镜、Ｘ射线衍射仪、紫外可见分光光度计、荧光分光光度计等测试手段对样品进行分析和表征, 并考察银纳米粒子的形貌对其薄膜基底表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)活性的影响.结果表明：随着反应液中表面活性剂种类的改变,银纳米粒子的形貌发生改变.当表面活性剂为聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)时,制备出的由银纳米粒子具有极强的紫外可见吸收光谱红移;并且以此条件得到的SERS活性基底具有极强的SERS信号.     

太行山猕猴掌骨和跖骨的不对称性

了解太行山猕猴掌骨和蹠骨长度的不对称性.对掌骨(35例)和蹠骨(33例)的长度变量进行测量,SPSS13.0统计软件进行正态分布检验.结果表明:5根掌骨有明显的左侧方向不对称趋势,5根跖骨没有发现方向不对称.结果表明左侧掌骨有大于右侧掌骨的趋势,跖骨作为对照组有右侧大于左侧的优势,但没有达到统计学的差异水平.提示上肢骨...     

一种快速DSSS/QPSK信号检测方法

针对DSSS/QPSK扩频通信的非协作检测问题,研究提出了一种基于时域分析处理的检测方法,该方法基于DSSS/QPSK信号的基本特征,通过对接收到的信号在时域做简单的延迟相乘处理与自相关分析完成对信号的检测和实现对DSSS/QPSK扩频系统重要参数信息码周期的估计.计算机仿真模拟结果显示,文章所建议方法简单有效,可操作...     

低温-秋水仙素诱导甜瓜多倍体研究

以刚展开子叶的甜瓜植株为材料,采用低温-秋水仙素处理,植株全部成活,通过检测气孔-叶绿体的变化情况,选出4株定植于营养箱内,采收全部植株所结果实,保留种子并测量.采收期过后,用嫩芽叶尖为材料,对3株甜瓜进行染色体计数检测,检出1个四倍体.结果表明:低温-秋水仙素处理可以有效降低秋水仙素的毒害作用,提高植株成活率.植株后期,有由四倍体回复到二倍体的现象,说明在植株生长后期倍性稳定性有所改变.     

Genome sequence and analysis of the tuber crop potato

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the world's most important non-grain food crop and is central to global food security. It is clonally propagated, highly heterozygous, autotetraploid, and suffers acute inbreeding depression. Here we use a homozygous doubled-monoploid potato clone to sequence and assemble 86% of the 844-megabase genome. We predict 39,031 protein-coding genes and present evidence for at least two genome duplication events indicative of a palaeopolyploid origin. As the first genome sequence of an asterid, the potato genome reveals 2,642 genes specific to this large angiosperm clade. We also sequenced a heterozygous diploid clone and show that gene presence/absence variants and other potentially deleterious mutations occur frequently and are a likely cause of inbreeding depression. Gene family expansion, tissue-specific expression and recruitment of genes to new pathways contributed to the evolution of tuber development. The potato genome sequence provides a platform for genetic improvement of this vital crop.     

Evidence for a spin-aligned neutron-proton paired phase from the level structure of (92)Pd

Shell structure and magic numbers in atomic nuclei were generally explained by pioneering work that introduced a strong spin-orbit interaction to the nuclear shell model potential. However, knowledge of nuclear forces and the mechanisms governing the structure of nuclei, in particular far from stability, is still incomplete. In nuclei with equal neutron and proton numbers (N = Z), enhanced correlations arise between neutrons and protons (two distinct types of fermions) that occupy orbitals with the same quantum numbers. Such correlations have been predicted to favour an unusual type of nuclear superfluidity, termed isoscalar neutron-proton pairing, in addition to normal isovector pairing. Despite many experimental efforts, these predictions have not been confirmed. Here we report the experimental observation of excited states in the N = Z = 46 nucleus (92)Pd. Gamma rays emitted following the (58)Ni((36)Ar,2n)(92)Pd fusion-evaporation reaction were identified using a combination of state-of-the-art high-resolution γ-ray, charged-particle and neutron detector systems. Our results reveal evidence for a spin-aligned, isoscalar neutron-proton coupling scheme, different from the previous prediction. We suggest that this coupling scheme replaces normal superfluidity (characterized by seniority coupling) in the ground and low-lying excited states of the heaviest N = Z nuclei. Such strong, isoscalar neutron-proton correlations would have a considerable impact on the nuclear level structure and possibly influence the dynamics of rapid proton capture in stellar nucleosynthesis.     

Gravity modes as a way to distinguish between hydrogen- and helium-burning red giant stars

Red giants are evolved stars that have exhausted the supply of hydrogen in their cores and instead burn hydrogen in a surrounding shell. Once a red giant is sufficiently evolved, the helium in the core also undergoes fusion. Outstanding issues in our understanding of red giants include uncertainties in the amount of mass lost at the surface before helium ignition and the amount of internal mixing from rotation and other processes. Progress is hampered by our inability to distinguish between red giants burning helium in the core and those still only burning hydrogen in a shell. Asteroseismology offers a way forward, being a powerful tool for probing the internal structures of stars using their natural oscillation frequencies. Here we report observations of gravity-mode period spacings in red giants that permit a distinction between evolutionary stages to be made. We use high-precision photometry obtained by the Kepler spacecraft over more than a year to measure oscillations in several hundred red giants. We find many stars whose dipole modes show sequences with approximately regular period spacings. These stars fall into two clear groups, allowing us to distinguish unambiguously between hydrogen-shell-burning stars (period spacing mostly ～ 50 seconds) and those that are also burning helium (period spacing ～ 100 to 300 seconds).