Persistent near-tropical warmth on the Antarctic continent during the early Eocene epoch

The warmest global climates of the past 65 million years occurred during the early Eocene epoch (about 55 to 48 million years ago), when the Equator-to-pole temperature gradients were much smaller than today and atmospheric carbon dioxide levels were in excess of one thousand parts per million by volume. Recently the early Eocene has received considerable interest because it may provide insight into the response of Earth's climate and biosphere to the high atmospheric carbon dioxide levels that are expected in the near future as a consequence of unabated anthropogenic carbon emissions. Climatic conditions of the early Eocene 'greenhouse world', however, are poorly constrained in critical regions, particularly Antarctica. Here we present a well-dated record of early Eocene climate on Antarctica from an ocean sediment core recovered off the Wilkes Land coast of East Antarctica. The information from biotic climate proxies (pollen and spores) and independent organic geochemical climate proxies (indices based on branched tetraether lipids) yields quantitative, seasonal temperature reconstructions for the early Eocene greenhouse world on Antarctica. We show that the climate in lowland settings along the Wilkes Land coast (at a palaeolatitude of about 70° south) supported the growth of highly diverse, near-tropical forests characterized by mesothermal to megathermal floral elements including palms and Bombacoideae. Notably, winters were extremely mild (warmer than 10?°C) and essentially frost-free despite polar darkness, which provides a critical new constraint for the validation of climate models and for understanding the response of high-latitude terrestrial ecosystems to increased carbon dioxide forcing.     

宁夏同心黄土湿陷特性实验研究

以宁夏同心黄土为研究对象,初始含水量、干密度、自重压力、超固结比为因素,设计正交实验方案进行了黄土的湿陷性研究．结果表明：黄土的湿陷系数随初始含水量、干密度、自重压力、超固结比的增大而减小;各因素影响的主次顺序为初始含水量、超固结比、干密度和自重压力,初始含水量和超固结比是影响黄土湿陷性的重要因素．在正交实验结果分析的基础上,以初始含水量为因素进行了单因素实验,发现湿陷系数与初始含水量有很好的线性相关性,并得到拟合关系式,对当地湿陷性黄土地基处理有很好的指导意义．     

1,4-二羟基-9-10-蒽醌-2-醛缩-4-氟苯基氨基硫脲探针测定生物样品中蛋白质含量的光谱法

在模拟人体生理条件下,基于1,4-二羟基-9-10-蒽醌-2-醛缩-4-氟苯基氨基硫脲(EDMHT)与人血清白蛋白(HSA)相互作用生成复合物,导致血清白蛋白的内源荧光产生特异性变化,且体系的同步荧光强度与溶液中HSA的浓度呈良好的线性关系,从而建立了以EDMHT为分子探针,用固定波长同步荧光光谱分析测定蛋白质含量的新方法.体系荧光光谱特征及强度受Δλ值、pH、离子强度及试剂加入顺序等因素的影响.在20℃,pH=7.40Tris-HCl缓冲溶液及离子强度为0.1mol/L的NaCl溶液中,体系的Δλ值为50nm的同步荧光强度(ISF)与人血清白蛋白在5.52～276mg/L的浓度范围内呈现良好的线性关系.本实验对人血清、尿样、唾液样品进行了测定,回收率在95.18%～98.32%之间,对11份空白样品进行平行测定,求得相对标准偏差为2.87%,方法的检测限可达0.348mg/L.实验结果表明,本方法具有简单、快速、灵敏度较高,线性范围宽,精密度和回收率较好等优点,可直接用于生物样品中蛋白质总量的测定,结果令人满意,有望用于生化分析和临床分析.     

基于磁场强度的锅炉管内氧化皮测量精度实验

因高温高压蒸汽作用,超临界电站锅炉受热管内易形成氧化皮,氧化皮的剥落会堵塞管道,发生超温爆管。提前探测氧化皮的状况并采取相应措施对预防爆管十分必要.文中在比较几种氧化皮探测方法的基础上,应用磁场检测法,通过实验研究了探头与管道的间隙、探头与管径的偏角、永磁体相对氧化皮的位置等因素对磁场探测结果的影响,发现间隙小于1.07mm、角度偏离中法线25.9°内、相对位置在26.4°内时,测量误差可控制在5%的工程误差以下,且探头与管道的间隙是影响磁场测量结果的主要因素;随着偏角与相对位置的增大,测得的磁场强度呈指数增长.     

DFT study on nonlinear optical properties of lithium-doped corannulene

The effects of lithium doping on the nonlinear optical properties of new electrodes (lithium-doped corannulene) were investigated in detail. Nine dynamically stable geometries of Lin-C20H10 (n=1, 2) are predicted by B3LYP/6-31G(d,p). Among these nine structures, the largest first static hyperpolarizability (β0) is computed to be 15314 au, which is dramatically larger than the β0 value of 74 au for C20H10, indicating that Li doping plays an important role in elevating the first hyperpolarizability of corannulene.     

Quaternary glacier development and the relationship between the climate change and tectonic uplift in the Helan Mountain

Isolated NE-SW stretching the Helan Mountain massif, separating the temperate grassland of the Ordos plateau from the Tenggeli Desert, is a key position of studying the glacier development in west China as well as the coupling conditions of climate change with tectonic uplift. The glacial landforms and deposits including cirques, peaks, knife-edge ridges, lateral moraines, and terminal moraines distribute above 2800 m a.s.l. in the middle part of the Helan Mountain. This distribution indicates that here was once glaciated during the late Quaternary. Morphology features show a clear sequence of landscape forming events took place throughout the Helan Mountain. Laboratory optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and accelerator mass spectrometry radio-carbon dating (AMS 14 C) results indicate a late history of glacial advance. Late Pleistocene glaciers in the middle part of the Helan Mountain advanced to near their positions at least four times, and the glacial sequences can be assigned as the middle stage of last glacial cycle (MIS3b, 43.2±4.0 ka), last glacial maximum (LGM, ~18 ka), late glacial (12.0±1.1 ka) and neo-glacial (3.4± 0.3 ka) respectively. Adopting equilibrium line altitude ~2980 m of last glacial maximum and the modern theoretical snowline altitude ~4724 m as the maximum amplitudes, and the standard marine isotope curve (MIS) as the glacial equilibrium line change since the Gonghe Movement (150 ka), the relationship between the mountain altitude and glacier development is discussed herein. Compared with other environmental indexes such as the loesspaleosol and ice core, conclusions are made that glacier advances in the Helan Mountain during the late Quaternary obviously depended on the coupled control of tectonic uplift of mountain with the climate condition. It is at last glaciation that the mountain reached the altitude above snowline and coupled with the glacial climate. The glacial advances occurred in the early and middle stages of last glacial cycle after the Gonghe Movement.     

Relationship between prospective memory and vigilance: Evidence from ERP

Event-related potentials (ERPs) were used in this study to investigate the neural correlates of prospective memory (PM) and vigilance. Twenty college or graduate students participated in this study. They were administered a PM and a vigilance task and physiological data were collected at the same time. Behavioral results showed that the RT associated with PM cues was longer than those associated with vigilance targets. ERP results showed that PM cues and vigilance targets did not show significant difference in the N2 but PM cues evoked greater N300 than vigilance targets, and vigilance targets evoked greater parietal positivity/P3 than PM cues, suggesting vigilance and PM have similar but also distinctive neural basis.     

Aerodynamic optimization and evaluation for the three-dimensional afterbody/nozzle integrated configuration of hypersonic vehicles

The optimization of 2D expansion lines and key parameters of three-dimensional configurations was carried out under simulated conditions of Mach 6.5 and a flight altitude of 25 km for an integrated configuration of the afterbody/nozzle of a hypersonic vehicle.First,the cubic B-spline method was applied to parameterize the expansion lines of the upper expansion ramp.The optimization procedure was established based on computational fluid dynamics and the sequential quadratic programming method.The local mesh reconstruction technique was applied to improve computational efficiency.A three-dimensional integrated configuration afterbody/nozzle was designed based on the two-dimensional optimized expansion lines.The influence rules incorporated certain key design parameters affecting the lift and thrust performance of the configuration,such as the ratio of the lengths of the lower expansion ramp to the afterbody (l/L),the dip angle of the lower expansion ramp ω,and the ratio of exit height to the length of afterbody (H/L).Under these conditions,we found that the integrated configuration has optimal performance when l/L=1/6,H/L=0.35 and =10°.We also showed that the presence of a side-board promotes lift and thrust performance,and effectively prevents the leakage of high pressure gas.     

Kinetic evaluation of the size-dependent decomposition performance of solvent-free microcellular polylactic acid foams

A thermal gravimetric method is described for evaluating the kinetics of cell size-dependent decomposition and lifetime estima- tion for microcellular tissue engineering scaffolds made of biodegradable polylactic acid(PLA)foams.PLA foam cell sizes from 550 to 20?m were fabricated experimentally using a solvent-free solid-state foaming technique under saturation pressures from 1 to 5 MPa.The thermal properties of the PLA foams with respect to the cell sizes were measured using thermal gravimetric analy- sis in a nitrogen atmosphere and the activation energy and pre-exponential factor were derived to evaluate the decomposition ki- netics and estimate lifetime.It was found that small cell sizes can be achieved under high saturation pressures and that the thermal stability of PLA decreases after the fabrication process.The cell size-dependent thermal stability and degradation rate indicate that a PLA foam of larger cell sizes has a shorter degradation time,a few tenths that of the PLA raw material,at a temperature of 37°C. The results suggest that it is feasible to optimize fabrication parameters to obtain appropriate cell sizes and lifetimes that satisfy the application requirements for various organs.This study provides the basis for precise scaffold design and quantitative analysis of PLA foams in tissue engineering applications.     

关于Shlyk定理的一个注记

Shlyk定理说明任一有限非可解群的所有非正规的非幂零极大子群的交必幂零。本文给出Shlyk定理一个新的证明,并证明了任一有限非可解群的所有非幂零极大子群的交必等于它的Frattini子群。