大陆地区台湾游客流时空演变及其影响因素研究

台湾是我国重要的入境游客源市场,笔者主要以2000—2010年大陆各省市接待台湾游客人数为研究数据,分析了大陆地区台湾游客流时空演变及其影响机制．结果发现：大陆地区接待台湾游客数量呈现增长的持续性、波动性;空间分布极不均衡,主要集中于东南沿海地区,但逐渐向内陆地区扩散;其空间分布与总体入境游客流的空间分布存在一定差异;最后,对大陆地区台湾游客流时空演变的影响因素进行探讨,并提出构建完善的台湾来大陆旅游流网络体系、加快台胞赴大陆旅游的建议．     

山东可利用降水量时空分布特征及其对气候变暖的响应

利用山东省31个气象观测站1961—2008年的月平均气温和月降水量资料,依据高桥浩一郎的路面蒸散发经验公式和水量平衡关系计算得到山东可利用降水量,分析了山东可利用降水量的时空分布特征及其对气候变暖的响应．结果表明：1）近48年来,山东年及四季可利用降水量总体上均呈减少的趋势,特别地,年可利用降水量减少显著．2）山东可利用降水量除冬季年代际变化不明显,年际变化明显外,其余季节和年可利用降水量都存在明显的年代际及年际变化．3）从区域分布来看,山东年及四季平均可利用降水量基本上呈现由西北向东南逐渐增加的分布趋势;全省大部地区年及四季可利用降水量呈减少趋势,特别地,鲁西北和半岛部分地区年和夏季可利用降水量减少显著．4）在全球气候偏冷期,山东四季及年可利用降水量均偏多;在全球气候偏暖期,除冬季略偏多外,其他季节和年可利用降水量均偏少．     

Preliminary results pertaining to coseismic displacement and preseismic strain accumulation of the Lushan M S7.0 earthquake, as reflected by GPS surveying

This paper presents the coseismic displacement and preseismic deformation fields of the Lushan M _S7.0 earthquake that occurred on April 20, 2013. The results are based on GPS observations along the Longmenshan fault and within its vicinity. The coseismic displacement and preseismic GPS results indicate that in the strain release of this earthquake, the thrust rupture is dominant and the laevorotation movement is secondary. Furthermore, we infer that any possible the rupture does not reach the earth’s surface, and the seismogenic fault is most likely one fault to the east of the Guanxian-Anxian fault. Some detailed results are obtainable. (1) The southern segment of the Longmenshan fault is locked preceding the Lushan earthquake. After the Wenchuan earthquake, the strain accumulation rate in the southeast direction accelerates in the epicenter of the Lushan earthquake, and the angle between the principal compressional strain and the seismogenic fault indicates that a sinistral deformation background in the direction of the seismogenic fault precedes the Lushan earthquake. Therefore, it is evident that the Wenchuan M _S8.0 earthquake accelerated the pregnancy of the Lushan earthquake. (2) The coseismic displacements reflected by GPS data are mainly located in a region that is 230 km (NW direction) × 100 km (SW direction), and coseismic displacements larger than 10 mm lie predominantly in a 100-km region (NW direction). (3) On a large scale, the coseismic displacement shows thrust characteristics, but the associated values are remarkably small in the near field (within 70 km) of the earthquake fault. Meanwhile, the thrust movement in this 70-km region does not correspond with the attenuation characteristics of the strain release, indicating that the rupture of this earthquake does not reach the earth’s surface. (4) The laevorotation movements are remarkable in the 50-km region, which is located in the hanging wall that is close to the earthquake fault, and the corresponding values in this case correlate with the attenuation characteristics of the strain release.     

热浸Zn-Ti合金镀层的显微组织与耐蚀性能

为了抑制热镀锌过程中因含硅活性钢引起的镀层超厚生长,本文采用在纯锌浴中加Ti的方法,研究了0.09%Si钢在含低于0.1%Ti的几种锌浴中热浸镀获得的组织,并采用盐雾腐蚀,电化学极化以及X射线光电子能谱等方法,研究了Zn和Zn-Ti镀层的耐蚀性能。结果表明,随着锌浴中Ti含量的增加,Ti对ζ相生长的抑制作用增强,合金层厚度逐渐减薄,Ti能有效地抑制含硅活性钢镀层的超厚生长。当Ti含量大于0.05%时,镀层中出现Γ2粒子。Zn-Ti合金镀层在5%NaCl溶液中发生自发腐蚀的倾向小于Zn镀层,其极化电阻增大,腐蚀电流密度减小,耐蚀性能提高。Zn-Ti镀层表面形成的氧化膜由ZnO 和TiO2组成。锌钛合金镀层的耐腐蚀性能优于纯锌镀层是由于在镀层表面形成了更加稳定的TiO2膜。     

延安国家森林公园游客结构及行为特征分析

基于实地考察,对游客的抽样问卷调查,分析了延安国家森林公园客源市场分布,游客年龄、学历、收入、职业,以及出游方式、停留时间、旅游感受等行为特征,提出了延安国家森林公园改善旅游地环境,提高旅游服务质量,拓展客源市场,深度开发延安市"一圣、两河、三黄、四山"旅游产品的可持续发展和战略性举措.     

优化二冷制度实现宽板坯角部复热的研究

根据国内某厂宽板坯连铸工艺条件,利用二维非稳态传热模型及喷嘴冷却特性,分析不同因素对铸坯角部复热的影响规律.结果表明,铸坯断面宽度为1 800 mm时,喷嘴间距选为450mm,铸坯宽面表面温差小,有利于实现铸坯的角部复热;喷嘴间距一定,随二冷区比水量的减小及铸坯宽面外侧两喷嘴冷却水量的降低, 铸坯角部复热效果更好;较小的角部凝固坯壳厚度有利于减小内部高温钢液蓄含的热量向铸坯角部传递的阻力,改善角部复热效果.     

一种新宏基因组DNA片段物种属性约简分类方法的研究

由于宏基因组学的迅猛发展,导致可测序的宏基因组数量激增,可测DNA序列也在扩大,但绝大部分DNA序列种属未知,故生物信息学面临的重要课题是研究一种如何针对这些巨大量宏基因组DNA信息属性约简并正确分类的方法.提出采用RandWPSO结合粗糙集的优化算法,分别对宏基因组中的DNA片段在不同属、同属不同种情况下进行属性约简并分类,经实验证明能够进行有效约简可取得较高的分辩准确率.     

Subtyping of type A influenza by sequencing the variable regions of HA gene specifically amplified with RT-PCR

The outbreak of a novel influenza A （H1N1） virus across the globe poses a threat to human health. It is of paramount importance to develop a rapid, reliable and inexpensive diagnostic procedure. Based on the bioinformatic information from public database, primers specific for influenza A virus surface protein haemagglutinin （HA） of several subtypes （including H1, H2, H3, H5, H7 and H9） were designed. Primer-specific PCR products were subiected to sequencing for accurately distinguishing H1 and H3 subtypes from others. This sequencing-based detection method will not only be applied to rapid detection and simultaneous subtype identification of new influenza A virus H1N1, but also provide the strategies to monitor other new types of influenza virus with explosive potential.     

Monitoring the frozen duration of Qinghai Lake using satellite passive microwave remote sensing low frequency data

The Qinghai Lake is the largest inland lake in China. The significant difference of dielectric properties between water and ice suggests that a simple method of monitoring the Qinghai lake freeze-up and break-up dates using satellite passive microwave remote sensing data could be used. The freeze-up and break-up dates from the Qinghai Lake hydrological station and the MODIS LIB reflectance data were used to validate the passive microwave remote sensing results. The validation shows that passive microwave remote sensing data can accurately monitor the lake ice. Some uncertainty comes mainly from the revisit frequency of satellite overpass. The data from 1978 to 2006 show that lake ice duration is reduced by about 14--15 days. The freeze-up dates are about 4 days later and break-up dates about 10 days earlier. The regression analyses show that, at the 0.05 significance level, the correlations are 0.83, 0.66 and 0.89 between monthly mean air temperature （MMAT） and lake ice duration days, freeze-up dates, break-up dates, respectively. Therefore, inter-annual variations of the Qinghai Lake ice duration days can significantly reflect the regional climate variation.     

日负荷K线图是研究变压器经济运行的有效途径

日负荷K线图既可有效研究变压器运行时问和效率的关系,也可有效研究现场实际负荷与变压器容量准确匹配的关系.在介绍节能理论与数学模型的基础上,详细阐述了变压器经济运行优化方案的处理办法.