25°Ahmed模型射流主动控制气动减阻策略

采用剪切应力输送(SST)κ-ω(湍动能-比耗散率)湍流模型对标准25°Ahmed模型进行基于计算流体力学(CFD)数值模拟的稳态射流减阻研究.在模型尾部设置射流孔,分别探究各位置处射流孔的孔径、到边线的距离、形状、射流速度和角度的最佳值,分析不同射流状态对流场结构、总阻力系数及局部阻力系数的影响.仿真的基本工况与风洞实验数据一致性很好,验证所采用数值方法的准确性和可靠性.研究结果表明,与未设置射流孔的模型相比,设置射流方案的模型尾流结构得以改善,纵向涡得以抑制,同时其阻力系数明显降低.单独位置布置射流孔方案中在斜面上方进行射流时,阻力系数最低,为0.252 2,减阻率为11.3%.通过正交试验获得最佳组合方案得到阻力系数0.246 7,减阻率达13.23%.     

面向世界科技强国的文化科技创新机理与路径

 文化科技创新的内在机理与现实路径,是内外联动、互相呼应的问题。总结了科技强国的文化科技创新之路,分析了文化科技创新的内在机理,探讨了中国文化科技创新的现实路径。分析表明,文化需求与创意引导文化科技创新。科技创新支撑文化产业创新。设计促进科技创新与文化创意整合与提升。面向世界科技强国的目标,力求进一步将文化科技创新的内在机理研深,将现实路径夯实。     

Microstructure characterization and hydrogen storage properties study of Mg2Ni0.92M0.08 (M = Ti, V, Fe or Si) alloys

In the present study Mg_2Ni-type compounds alloyed independently with Ti,V,Fe and Si were successfully prepared by wet-milling followed by sintering.Although these alloyed Mg_2Ni compounds exhibited a similar hydrogen storage mechanism as that of pure Mg_2Ni,the dissolution of Ti,V or Fe into the Mg_2NiH_4lattice had a considerable catalytic effect on hydrogen desorption from additional MgH_2.The further structure investigations clearly indicated that the substitution of Ti for Ni could suppress the formation of the micro-twined low-temperature phase(LT2)and promote the formation of the high-temperature phase(HT),thus resulting in remarkably improved hydrogen desorption kinetics for the Mg_2Ni_(0.92)Ti_(0.08)–H system.     

我国扫描电镜产业的发展与预测研究

长期以来,全球电镜研发一直是美国、日本和德国三足鼎立,其中以日本日立公司、日本电子公司、美国FEI公司以及德国蔡司公司表现最为突出。而我国扫描电镜主要依靠进口,本文对韩国、日本、美国、德国等国家的产业发展经验进行研究,结合我国实际情况,分析我国扫描电镜产业的发展趋势,并提出促进我国扫描电镜产业发展的对策建议。     

Privacy Quantification Model Based on the Bayes Conditional Risk in Location-Based Services

The widespread use of Location-Based Services(LBSs),which allows untrusted service providers to collect large quantities of information regarding users’locations,has raised serious privacy concerns.In response to these issues,a variety of LBS Privacy Protection Mechanisms(LPPMs)have been recently proposed.However,evaluating these LPPMs remains problematic because of the absence of a generic adversarial model for most existing privacy metrics.In particular,the relationships between these metrics have not been examined in depth under a common adversarial model,leading to a possible selection of the inappropriate metric,which runs the risk of wrongly evaluating LPPMs.In this paper,we address these issues by proposing a privacy quantification model,which is based on Bayes conditional privacy,to specify a general adversarial model.This model employs a general definition of conditional privacy regarding the adversary’s estimation error to compare the different LBS privacy metrics.Moreover,we present a theoretical analysis for specifying how to connect our metric with other popular LBS privacy metrics.We show that our privacy quantification model permits interpretation and comparison of various popular LBS privacy metrics under a common perspective.Our results contribute to a better understanding of how privacy properties can be measured,as well as to the better selection of the most appropriate metric for any given LBS application.     

基于音素相关后验概率变换的发音质量评价

帧规整对数后验概率是目前公认最有效的发音质量的度量。但该文证明了该度量还反映了当前发音对应的声学模型与概率空间中声学模型的混淆程度,使其在评分任务上存在着严重的缺陷。因此,该文提出了可训练的音素相关的后验概率变换;并研究了线性和非线性sigmoid变换,同时给出线性变换的显式全局最优解和非线性变换的梯度下降解法。在全国采集的普通话水平测试现场考试的篇章朗读题型上进行实验。实验结果表明:当概率空间包含所有音素时,该方法能使人机相关度从0.582提升至0.768;当采用优化的概率空间时,该方法能使人机相关度从0.696提升至0.773。     

基于编组拟合的合成孔径雷达图像线特征提取

为了从合成孔径雷达(SAR)遥感图像中高效率地提取线特征、满足目标识别与场景分析等应用的需要,采用曲线结构基元取代通用的直线结构基元,通过像素编组以及曲线拟合提取并连接,使得复杂的全局优化简化为基于连接关系和总长度的聚类和筛选,借助低分辨率图像对高分辨率图像的掩码操作先主后次地提取不同宽度的线特征。应用所提出的方法在实际SAR图像上进行了实验,获得了与观察相一致、具有单像素宽度的线特征二值图像。实验结果表明:所提出的方法可以快速准确地提取出场景中真实的线特征,采用曲线基元形式和编组拟合方法有利于降低问题复杂度、提高处理效率。     

跳-斜度变点估计的强收敛速度

对至多只有一个跳-斜度变点的模型,利用滑窗方法研究了独立误差分布条件下变点估计的强、弱相合性,以及强、弱收敛速度等统计推断问题.     

潍坊市水资源质量的现状及对策

为确定工业化和农村产业化给区域水资源带来的影响,本文利用潍坊市水利部门对区域内主要河流、水库的水资源指标监测数据,对照<地表水环境质量标准(GB3838-2002)>,采用科学方法对潍坊地区水资源进行了评价.结果表明,潍坊市水库水质保持较好,污染较差,但大部分河流由于受到工业污水和农村面源污染的影响,污染较为严重,出台措施协调环境和区域经济的发展关系刻不容缓.     

Molecular regulation of sexual preference revealed by genetic studies of 5-HT in the brains of male mice

Although the question of to whom a male directs his mating attempts is a critical one in social interactions, little is known about the molecular and cellular mechanisms controlling mammalian sexual preference. Here we report that the neurotransmitter 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is required for male sexual preference. Wild-type male mice preferred females over males, but males lacking central serotonergic neurons lost sexual preference although they were not generally defective in olfaction or in pheromone sensing. A role for 5-HT was demonstrated by the phenotype of mice lacking tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (Tph2), which is required for the first step of 5-HT synthesis in the brain. Thirty-five minutes after the injection of the intermediate 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), which circumvented Tph2 to restore 5-HT to the wild-type level, adult Tph2 knockout mice also preferred females over males. These results indicate that 5-HT and serotonergic neurons in the adult brain regulate mammalian sexual preference.