盐渍土腐蚀机理与防腐措施分析

盐渍土是内陆和沿海地区分布广泛的特殊土,盐渍土对公路具有严重的腐蚀性,致使盐渍土地区的公路服务能力严重滞后于非盐渍土地区,严重制约了当地经济的发展.以连云港滨海相盐渍土环境中的公路构筑物腐蚀为例,系统分析盐渍土的分类、腐蚀特性、腐蚀机理和防腐措施,指导盐渍土地区构筑物的防腐蚀设计和施工.     

NM400高强度低合金耐磨钢的组织与性能

采用Ti-Cr-B微合金化成分设计、奥氏体再结晶区直接轧制及淬火加低温回火的热处理工艺,开发出低成本的NM400级别高强度、高韧性的低合金耐磨钢板.利用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)等对其组织、性能、断口形貌及析出物进行了研究.结果表明:试验钢的组织主要为高密度位错板条马氏体及分布在板条上的...     

基于改进C-V模型的脑组织提取算法

通过对水平集算法C-V模型进行三方面改进,提出一种基于改进C-V模型的脑组织提取算法.首先,通过改进经典的距离函数,在保证准确度的同时,可以在很大程度上加快距离函数的收敛,提高分割速度.其次,改进了收敛结果的唯一性,使边缘停止在欲提取的目标类灰度上,用于去除脑脊液,使脑灰质、白质的提取更加准确.最后,提出了迭代收敛的动...     

基于应急资源集散中心选址优化的疫情隔离分区策略

 为探索区域最优的疫情隔离方式,以最小化距离为目标,利用遗传算法优化应急资源集散中心位置,计算按行政分区隔离、按经纬度欧式距离k均值聚类隔离、按经纬度网格隔离的全局距离,探讨最便捷、高效的疫情隔离分区方式。研究结果显示,按行政分区进行隔离划分全局距离最长,按k均值聚类进行隔离划分全局距离最短; k均值聚类或网格划分下,分区越多,全局距离越短。在进行疫情隔离时,城市中心与边缘区域应急资源集散中心应区别建设,行政分区边缘的应急需求点应就近划分,隔离区域内可进行二次精细分区以便管理。     

关于二阶锥规划问题解的稳定性的分析

为了研究二阶锥规划问题解的稳定性,主要考虑一种非光滑函数F:Rd→Rd的零点的性质.首先由二阶锥规划问题的KKT条件得到Kojima函数F,将F分解成特殊的结构,同时研究F的广义方向导数,进而得到解的稳定性定理.     

网络系统模糊可靠性分析

引用最小路和不交和算法,根据模糊可靠性的基本原理和方法,对二终端网络系统的模糊可靠性指标进行了概念扩充,提出了模糊状态的划分,在此基础上给出了模糊寿命指标的计算,并结合实例进行计算说明.     

Resonances arising from hydrodynamic memory in Brownian motion

Observation of the Brownian motion of a small probe interacting with its environment provides one of the main strategies for characterizing soft matter. Essentially, two counteracting forces govern the motion of the Brownian particle. First, the particle is driven by rapid collisions with the surrounding solvent molecules, referred to as thermal noise. Second, the friction between the particle and the viscous solvent damps its motion. Conventionally, the thermal force is assumed to be random and characterized by a Gaussian white noise spectrum. The friction is assumed to be given by the Stokes drag, suggesting that motion is overdamped at long times in particle tracking experiments, when inertia becomes negligible. However, as the particle receives momentum from the fluctuating fluid molecules, it also displaces the fluid in its immediate vicinity. The entrained fluid acts back on the particle and gives rise to long-range correlations. This hydrodynamic 'memory' translates to thermal forces, which have a coloured, that is, non-white, noise spectrum. One hundred years after Perrin's pioneering experiments on Brownian motion, direct experimental observation of this colour is still elusive. Here we measure the spectrum of thermal noise by confining the Brownian fluctuations of a microsphere in a strong optical trap. We show that hydrodynamic correlations result in a resonant peak in the power spectral density of the sphere's positional fluctuations, in strong contrast to overdamped systems. Furthermore, we demonstrate different strategies to achieve peak amplification. By analogy with microcantilever-based sensors, our results reveal that the particle-fluid-trap system can be considered a nanomechanical resonator in which the intrinsic hydrodynamic backflow enhances resonance. Therefore, instead of being treated as a disturbance, details in thermal noise could be exploited for the development of new types of sensor and particle-based assay in lab-on-a-chip applications.     

Postnatal loss of Dlk1 imprinting in stem cells and niche astrocytes regulates neurogenesis

The gene for the atypical NOTCH ligand delta-like homologue 1 (Dlk1) encodes membrane-bound and secreted isoforms that function in several developmental processes in vitro and in vivo. Dlk1, a member of a cluster of imprinted genes, is expressed from the paternally inherited chromosome. Here we show that mice that are deficient in Dlk1 have defects in postnatal neurogenesis in the subventricular zone: a developmental continuum that results in depletion of mature neurons in the olfactory bulb. We show that DLK1 is secreted by niche astrocytes, whereas its membrane-bound isoform is present in neural stem cells (NSCs) and is required for the inductive effect of secreted DLK1 on self-renewal. Notably, we find that there is a requirement for Dlk1 to be expressed from both maternally and paternally inherited chromosomes. Selective absence of Dlk1 imprinting in both NSCs and niche astrocytes is associated with postnatal acquisition of DNA methylation at the germ-line-derived imprinting control region. The results emphasize molecular relationships between NSCs and the niche astrocyte cells of the microenvironment, identifying a signalling system encoded by a single gene that functions coordinately in both cell types. The modulation of genomic imprinting in a stem-cell environment adds a new level of epigenetic regulation to the establishment and maintenance of the niche, raising wider questions about the adaptability, function and evolution of imprinting in specific developmental contexts.