排序方式: 共有109条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
21.
Alexandra Kollara Theodore J. Brown 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2012,69(23):3895-3909
Nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NcoA4), also known as androgen receptor-associated protein 70 (ARA70), was initially discovered as a component of Ret-Fused Gene expressed in a subset of papillary thyroid carcinomas. Subsequent studies have established NcoA4 as a coactivator for a variety of nuclear receptors, including peroxisome proliferator activated receptors α and γ, and receptors for steroid hormones, vitamins D and A, thyroid hormone, and aryl hydrocarbons. While human NcoA4 has both LXXLL and FXXLF motifs that mediate p160 coactivator nuclear receptor interactions, this ubiquitously expressed protein lacks clearly defined functional domains. Several studies indicate that NcoA4 localizes predominantly to the cytoplasm and affects ligand-binding specificity of the androgen receptor, which has important implications for androgen-independent prostate cancer. Two NcoA4 variants, which may exert differential activities, have been identified in humans. Recent studies suggest that NcoA4 may play a role in development, carcinogenesis, inflammation, erythrogenesis, and cell cycle progression that may be independent of its role as a receptor coactivator. This review summarizes what is currently known of the structure, expression, regulation, and potential functions of this unique protein in cancerous and non-cancerous pathologies. 相似文献
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Alexandra Kitz Margarita Dominguez-Villar 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2017,74(22):4059-4075
Since their ‘re-discovery’ more than two decades ago, FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been an important subject of investigation in the biomedical field and our understanding of the mechanisms that drive their phenotype and function in health and disease has advanced tremendously. During the past few years it has become clear that Tregs are not a terminally differentiated population but show some degree of plasticity, and can, under specific environmental conditions, acquire the phenotype of effector T cells. In particular, recent works have highlighted the acquisition of a Th1-like phenotype by Tregs in several pathological environments. In this review we give an update on the concept of Treg plasticity and the advances in defining the molecular mechanisms that underlie the generation of Th1-like Tregs during an immune response and in different disease settings. 相似文献
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Small KS Hedman AK Grundberg E Nica AC Thorleifsson G Kong A Thorsteindottir U Shin SY Richards HB;GIANT Consortium;MAGIC Investigators;DIAGRAM Consortium Soranzo N Ahmadi KR Lindgren CM Stefansson K Dermitzakis ET Deloukas P Spector TD McCarthy MI;MuTHER Consortium 《Nature genetics》2011,43(6):561-564
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Locasale JW Grassian AR Melman T Lyssiotis CA Mattaini KR Bass AJ Heffron G Metallo CM Muranen T Sharfi H Sasaki AT Anastasiou D Mullarky E Vokes NI Sasaki M Beroukhim R Stephanopoulos G Ligon AH Meyerson M Richardson AL Chin L Wagner G Asara JM Brugge JS Cantley LC Vander Heiden MG 《Nature genetics》2011,43(9):869-874
Most tumors exhibit increased glucose metabolism to lactate, however, the extent to which glucose-derived metabolic fluxes are used for alternative processes is poorly understood. Using a metabolomics approach with isotope labeling, we found that in some cancer cells a relatively large amount of glycolytic carbon is diverted into serine and glycine metabolism through phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH). An analysis of human cancers showed that PHGDH is recurrently amplified in a genomic region of focal copy number gain most commonly found in melanoma. Decreasing PHGDH expression impaired proliferation in amplified cell lines. Increased expression was also associated with breast cancer subtypes, and ectopic expression of PHGDH in mammary epithelial cells disrupted acinar morphogenesis and induced other phenotypic alterations that may predispose cells to transformation. Our findings show that the diversion of glycolytic flux into a specific alternate pathway can be selected during tumor development and may contribute to the pathogenesis of human cancer. 相似文献
25.
Humans are highly social animals and often help unrelated individuals that may never reciprocate the altruist's favour. This apparent evolutionary puzzle may be explained by the altruist's gain in social image: image-scoring bystanders, also known as eavesdroppers, notice the altruistic act and therefore are more likely to help the altruist in the future. Such complex indirect reciprocity based on altruistic acts may evolve only after simple indirect reciprocity has been established, which requires two steps. First, image scoring evolves when bystanders gain personal benefits from information gathered, for example, by finding cooperative partners. Second, altruistic behaviour in the presence of such bystanders may evolve if altruists benefit from access to the bystanders. Here, we provide experimental evidence for both of the requirements in a cleaning mutualism involving the cleaner fish Labroides dimidiatus. These cleaners may cooperate and remove ectoparasites from clients or they may cheat by feeding on client mucus. As mucus may be preferred over typical client ectoparasites, clients must make cleaners feed against their preference to obtain a cooperative service. We found that eavesdropping clients spent more time next to 'cooperative' than 'unknown cooperative level' cleaners, which shows that clients engage in image-scoring behaviour. Furthermore, trained cleaners learned to feed more cooperatively when in an 'image-scoring' than in a 'non-image-scoring' situation. 相似文献
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Asexual reproduction by free-living invertebrate larvae is a rare and enigmatic phenomenon and, although it is known to occur in sea stars and brittle stars, it has not been detected in other echinoderms despite more than a century of intensive study. Here we describe spontaneous larval cloning in three species from two more echinoderm classes: a sea cucumber (Holothuroidea), a sand dollar and a sea urchin (Echinoidea). Larval cloning may therefore be an ancient ability of echinoderms and possibly of deutero-stomes - the group that includes echinoderms, acorn worms, sea squirts and vertebrates. 相似文献
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Alcohol and science: the grapes of rock 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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Noise effects in technological applications, far from being a nuisance, can be exploited with advantage - for example, unavoidable thermal fluctuations have found application in the transport and sorting of colloidal particles and biomolecules. Here we use a microfluidic system to demonstrate a paradoxical migration mechanism in which particles always move in a direction opposite to the net acting force ('absolute negative mobility') as a result of an interplay between thermal noise, a periodic and symmetric microstructure, and a biased alternating-current electric field. This counterintuitive phenomenon could be used for bioanalytical purposes, for example in the separation and fractionation of colloids, biological molecules and cells. 相似文献
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Incorporation of14C-leucine into serum transferrin by slices and cell-free preparations of rat liver
Zusammenfassung Der Einbau von14C-Leucin in Serumtransferrin in vitro in Leberschnitten und in isolierte Lebermikrosomen der Ratte wurde gezeigt und mit demjenigen in Serumalbumin verglichen. Die gereinigten Proteine wurden immunoelektrophoretisch ausgefällt und ihre Radioaktivität bestimmt. Ebenso wurde die Reindarstellung von Transferrin aus Rattenserum beschrieben. 相似文献