浙籍学者对甲骨文等古文字学的历史贡献

甲骨文自1899年发现以来,一代又一代的浙籍学者为甲骨文等古文字学的创立、发展和壮大做出了巨大的贡献.从甲骨学研究来说,"草创时期"(1899-1928)和"发展时期"(1928-1937)有孙诒让筚路蓝缕,开拓榛莽;有罗振玉凿破鸿蒙,钩沉索颐;有王国维考地征史,挽世绝尤;有王襄鉴定购藏,首创字汇.1949年以后的"全面展开时期",有唐兰审于点画,多有发明;有陈梦家继往开来,综合研究.今天,裘锡圭先生和曹锦炎先生"退而不休",在甲骨文、金文、战国文字、简牍、帛书等多个领域几十年如一日辛勤耕耘,继续为古文字学的发展贡献着自己的力量.当下"浙学"研究如火如荼,与"蜀学"、"湘学"、"徽学"、"闽学"等相互妍美,共同点缀着"多元一体"的中华民族文化百花园,并且以源泉之姿和活水之势给养着新时期"浙江精神".在大力发展"浙学"的今天,一代又一代浙籍甲骨文等古文字学者所创造的巨大精神财富不应被忽视,纳入"浙学"体系刻不容缓.甲骨文等古文字学研究,不仅是"浙学"的特色,更是开展地域文化研究的"王牌".所以,如何利用好一代又一代浙籍前辈学者宝贵的精神文化遗产开展甲骨文等古文字学的接力和纵深研究,是新时期"浙学"的重要任务.     

Dielectric relaxation and conduction mechanism in Aurivillius ceramic Bi5Ti3FeO15

For this study, we synthesized Aurivillius Bi5Ti3FeO15 ceramic using the generic solid-state reaction route and then performed room-temperature X-ray diffraction to confirm that the compound had a single phase with no impurities. The surface morphology of the prepared sample was observed to contain microstructural grains approximately 0.2–2 μm in size. The dielectric properties of the sample were determ-ined as a function of frequency in a range of approximately 100 Hz to 1 MHz at various temperatures (303 K ≤ T ≤ 773 K). Nyquist plots of the impedance data were found to exhibit a semi-circular arc in the high-temperature region, which is explained by the equivalent electrical circuit (R1C1)(R2QC2), where R1 and R2 represent the resistances associated with the grains and grain boundaries, respectively, C1 and C2 are the re-spective capacitances, and Q is the constant phase element (CPE), which accounts for non-Debye type of behavior. Our results indicate that both the resistance and capacitance of the grain boundaries are more prominent than those of the grains. The alternating current (ac) conductiv-ity data were analyzed based on the Jonscher universal power law, which indicated that the conduction process is dominated by the hopping mechanism. The calculated activation energies of the relaxation and conduction processes were very similar (0.32 to 0.53 eV), from which we conclude that the same type of charge carriers are involved in both processes.     

Effect of Co substitution on the structural,dielectric and optical properties of KBiFe2O5

Cobalt (Co)-modified brownmillerite KBiFe2O5 (KBFO; [KBiFe2(1?x)Co2xO5 (x = 0, 0.05)]) polycrystalline is synthesized following the solid-state reaction route. Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction data confirmed the phase purity of KBFO and KBiFe1.9Co0.1O5 (KBFCO). The optical bandgap energy (Eg) of KBFO decreased from 1.59 to 1.51 eV because of Co substitution. The decrease in bandgap can be attributed to the tilting of the Fe–O tetrahedral structure of KBFCO. The observed room-temperature Raman peaks of KBFCO shifted by 3 cm?1 toward a lower wavenumber than that of KBFO. The shift in Raman active modes can be attributed to the change in the bond angles and bond lengths of the Fe–O tetrahedral structure and modification in response to oxygen deficiency in KBFO because of Co doping. Compared with that of KBFO, the frequency-dependent dielectric constant and dielectric loss of KBFCO decrease at room temperature, which is a con-sequence of the reduction in oxygen migration and modification in response to vibrational modes present in the sample.     

东北梅花鹿肠道纤维素降解微生物的分离筛选

食草动物依赖胃肠道微生物分解利用天然木质纤维素物质。为获得高效纤维素降解菌，本文将东北梅花鹿粪便样品，经过研磨，重悬于羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC-Na）作为唯一碳源的富集培养基中，进行富集培养和筛选，用革兰氏碘液染色显示纤维素水解圈，通过纤维素水解圈直径（D）和菌落直径（d）比值，初步判断纤维素降解菌降解纤维素能力．筛选出106株纤维素降解微生物，包括72株细菌、22株真菌和12株放线菌．细菌16S rDNA和真菌ITS序列测序结果显示，这些纤维素降解菌主要集中分布于变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）、放线菌门（Actinobacteria）和子囊菌门（Ascomycota）．本文提供了一种快速有效的反刍动物肠道纤维素降解微生物的筛选方法，为东北梅花鹿肠道微生物高通量测序结果提供实验数据支持．      

ICP-MS法测定钼矿石中伴生锂、镓和稀土元素

通过比较氢氟酸-硝酸高压罐密闭消解法、 氢氟酸-硝酸-高氯酸-盐酸低压密闭消解法和氢氟酸-硝酸-高氯酸-盐酸敞口消解法对钼矿样品的分解效果， 选用低压密闭消解法制备样品， 用电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS)法测定伴生稀有元素Li，Ga和15种稀土元素的质量比. 通过对干扰元素的分析， 选择合适同位素， 并确定¹⁵¹Eu，¹⁵⁷Gd，¹⁵⁹Tb质谱干扰的校正系数. 结果表明，  20 μg/L的铑（Rh）标准溶液作为内标可有效抑制溶液中的基体效应和信号动态漂移， 方法检出限为0.001~0.113 μg/g， 相对标准偏差（RSD， n=7）为0.30%~3.92%.  经标准物质和实际样品验证， 该方法可靠， 适合钼矿中伴生Li，Ga和稀土元素的测定.     

Hierarchical Community Detection Based on Partial Matrix Convergence Using Random Walks

Random walks are a standard tool for modeling the spreading process in social and biological systems.But in the face of large-scale networks,to achieve convergence,iterative calculation of the transition matrix in random walk methods consumes a lot of time.In this paper,we propose a three-stage hierarchical community detection algorithm based on Partial Matrix Approximation Convergence(PMAC) using random walks.First,this algorithm identifies the initial core nodes in a network by classical measurement and then utilizes the error function of the partial transition matrix convergence of the core nodes to determine the number of random walks steps.As such,the PMAC of the core nodes replaces the final convergence of all the nodes in the whole matrix.Finally,based on the approximation convergence transition matrix,we cluster the communities around core nodes and use a closeness index to merge two communities.By recursively repeating the process,a dendrogram of the communities is eventually constructed.We validated the performance of the PMAC by comparing its results with those of two representative methods for three real-world networks with different scales.     

The carcinofauna found in stomach contents of the flying gurnard (Dactylopterus volitans) on the continental shelf of the Campos Basin,Brazil

A total of 3109 crustaceans belonging to 50 taxa distributed in 42 families were found in 117 analysed stomachs of flying gurnard (Dactylopterus volitans). Samples were obtained in April 2008 by the R/V Gyre using a bottom trawl towed in 12 stations at 14–100 m depth on the continental shelf of the Campos Basin, Brazil. The carcinofauna was analysed and the order Calanoida (Copepoda) found to be the most important item in terms of relative abundance and frequency of occurrence, followed by the order Amphipoda (Peracarida), the infraorder Brachyura (Decapoda), the order Stomatopoda and the subclass Myodocopa (Ostracoda). In the order Calanoida, the species Pontellopsis cf. villosa (Pontellidae) represented 98.04% of total crustacean abundance. The diet of Dactylopterus volitans varied according to fish size, with higher diversity of Crustacea at smaller size classes, decreasing in larger fishes. A similar pattern regarding depth was obtained, with greater diversity of taxa in gurnard stomachs caught at shallower depths. Flying gurnard is considered a generalized carnivore of invertebrates, eating mobile macrobenthic organisms, such as crustaceans, and its diet varies with its life stage, without any specific group as its main food source.     

Parasite community of the golden cownose ray Rhinoptera steindachneri Evermann and Jenkins 1891 (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatidae), in Acapulco Bay,Guerrero, Mexico

The parasite community of the ray Rhinoptera steindachneri from Acapulco Bay was examined and quantified; analyses were based on the sex of the host and the date of sampling. A total of 171 specimens of R. steindachneri were examined during July–August of 2010, and May and July of 2012. Twenty-one species of parasites were found: three species of Monogenea; eight adult and one larval species of Cestoda; one larval species of Nematoda; five species of Copepoda; two species of Isopoda; and one species of Hirudinea. Cestodes had the greatest species richness (43% of the total species), followed by the copepods (24%). Two species of cestode, Glyphobothrium sp. and Rhinebothrium sp., were collected only from adult rays. At the component community level, species richness showed statistically significant variation between 13 and 16 species, which is similar to previous reports for other species of rays. The parasite component communities and infracommunities of R. steindachneri exhibited similar patterns: high species number and low numerical dominance by a particular species of parasite. The differences of body size of male vs. female rays, and a change in diet and feeding behaviour with the age of R. steindachneri, are likely important factors in the structuring of their parasite communities.