热型连铸Al-Cu合金的组织与性能

在热型连铸设备上制取了 Al- 1 0 %Cu合金的线材 ,对线材的组织与室温拉伸性能进行了实验分析 ,发现该工艺可显著提高材料的轴向性能 ,认为这是硬脆的α-Al+ Cu Al2 共晶体在材料中沿轴向分布的结果 .     

热处理和冷变形对连续定向凝固Cu-Ag合金性能的影响

研究了连续定向凝固Cu-Ag合金铸态试样及其经过大变形冷加工后线材的微观组织和性能,分析了热处理和冷变形对连续定向凝固合金的强度和电导率的影响.经过大变形冷加工后,Cu-Ag合金具有致密的纤维组织结构,强度进一步增加,电导率略有下降.在低温热处理后,Cu-Ag合金强度增加,电导率得到恢复.高温热处理时,Cu-Ag合金强度和电导率都下降.     

Large-scale association analysis identifies 13 new susceptibility loci for coronary artery disease

We performed a meta-analysis of 14 genome-wide association studies of coronary artery disease (CAD) comprising 22,233 individuals with CAD (cases) and 64,762 controls of European descent followed by genotyping of top association signals in 56,682 additional individuals. This analysis identified 13 loci newly associated with CAD at P < 5 × 10?? and confirmed the association of 10 of 12 previously reported CAD loci. The 13 new loci showed risk allele frequencies ranging from 0.13 to 0.91 and were associated with a 6% to 17% increase in the risk of CAD per allele. Notably, only three of the new loci showed significant association with traditional CAD risk factors and the majority lie in gene regions not previously implicated in the pathogenesis of CAD. Finally, five of the new CAD risk loci appear to have pleiotropic effects, showing strong association with various other human diseases or traits.     

Susceptibility variants for male-pattern baldness on chromosome 20p11

We carried out a genome-wide association study in 296 individuals with male-pattern baldness (androgenetic alopecia) and 347 controls. We then investigated the 30 best SNPs in an independent replication sample and found highly significant association for five SNPs on chromosome 20p11 (rs2180439 combined P = 2.7 x 10(-15)). No interaction was detected with the X-chromosomal androgen receptor locus, suggesting that the 20p11 locus has a role in a yet-to-be-identified androgen-independent pathway.     

Positional cloning uncovers mutations in PLCE1 responsible for a nephrotic syndrome variant that may be reversible

Nephrotic syndrome, a malfunction of the kidney glomerular filter, leads to proteinuria, edema and, in steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome, end-stage kidney disease. Using positional cloning, we identified mutations in the phospholipase C epsilon gene (PLCE1) as causing early-onset nephrotic syndrome with end-stage kidney disease. Kidney histology of affected individuals showed diffuse mesangial sclerosis (DMS). Using immunofluorescence, we found PLCepsilon1 expression in developing and mature glomerular podocytes and showed that DMS represents an arrest of normal glomerular development. We identified IQ motif-containing GTPase-activating protein 1 as a new interaction partner of PLCepsilon1. Two siblings with a missense mutation in an exon encoding the PLCepsilon1 catalytic domain showed histology characteristic of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Notably, two other affected individuals responded to therapy, making this the first report of a molecular cause of nephrotic syndrome that may resolve after therapy. These findings, together with the zebrafish model of human nephrotic syndrome generated by plce1 knockdown, open new inroads into pathophysiology and treatment mechanisms of nephrotic syndrome.     

愈发温暖的海洋 是第六次物种大灭绝的温床

<正>逐渐暖化且缺氧的海水考验着海洋物种的生存能力,并驱使其向两极移动,引发海洋物种、特别是极地物种的灭绝危机。每一次物种大灭绝,背后都像是有一个程序员在给地球调参,对着地球生态系统左调右控,在漫长的地质尺度下雕刻着这个星球的温度与脾气。前五次物种大灭绝中,各物种相继涌现又渐次退场,三叶虫、奇虾、恐龙,以及现正当年的哺乳动物,你方唱罢我登场。