New testing methodology for the quantification of rock crushability: Compressive crushing value (CCV)

Crushing is a size reduction process that plays a key role in both mineral processing and crushing-screening plant design. Investigations on rock crushability have become an important issue in mining operations and the manufacture of industrial crusher equipment. The main objective of this research is to quantify the crushability of hard rocks based on their mineralogical and mechanical properties. For this purpose, the mineralogical, physical, and mechanical properties of various hard rocks were determined. A new compressive crushing value (CCV) testing methodology was proposed. The results obtained from CCV tests were compared with those from mineralogical inspections, rock strength as well as mechanical aggregate tests. Strong correlations were found between CCV and several rock and aggregate properties such as uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), the brittleness index (S₂₀), and aggregate impact value (AIV). Furthermore, the relationship between the mineralogical properties of the rocks and their CCVs were established. It is concluded that the proposed testing methodology is simple and highly repeatable and could be utilized as a pre-design tool in the design stage of the crushing process for rock quarries.     

岩土体结构失稳概率的二次二阶矩评估方法

常规二次二阶矩可靠性方法只适用于功能函数偏导数(一阶和二阶)能够简便地由解析法求解的工程,使得其难以解决复杂岩土体结构的稳定可靠度问题.针对这一局限,基于数值差分原理,导出功能函数在验算点处各阶导数近似表达式,结合随机变量在X空间和Y空间的变换,构建了基于差分方法的梯度矢量数值求解工具;以该工具置换Breitung二次二阶矩方法中的梯度计算准则,形成一种适用于任意形式功能函数的二次二阶矩可靠度算法,消除了经典方法的局限;利用所提方法解决了功能函数为隐式和未知形式的边坡可靠度问题,展示了该方法解决复杂岩土体结构概率稳定性问题的能力,并同时在基准Y空间内建议了具有普遍意义的合适步长系数值0.01.     

基于等离子体的GTS模型气动减阻研究

为探究等离子体对类厢式货车的气动减阻效果,以GTS模型为研究对象,采用数值仿真的方法,分别研究了当来流风速为20 m/s时,3个位置处等离子体布置角度、激励电压对GTS模型的气动减阻效果并分析其减阻机理,然后进行组合工况的分析.研究结果表明,等离子体是通过诱导近壁面气体定向流动使流动分离点后移、推迟流动的分离,从而减小GTS模型前后压差阻力、降低整车气动阻力系数,等离子体布置的位置在流动分离点后方并且靠近流动分离点.单个位置激励时,等离子体布置在GTS尾部两侧时气动减阻效果最好,最大减阻率为5.09%;组合工况时最大减阻率可达6.01%.当来流风速一定时,等离子体存在最佳布置角度与激励电压.     

鞋涉水问题的多体动力学与 流-固耦合系统建模及仿真分析

工程应用问题分析常涉及多体动力学与流-固耦合联合仿真，行人在湿路行走时的鞋涉水问题正是此类问题之典型，多系统联合仿真建模及完整的鞋“涉水-出水”过程模拟分析，对工程应用中类似复杂耦合问题的仿真分析具有良好的参考价值. 本文基于Adams/View建立人体下肢多体动力学模型以模拟行人步态，将之作为鞋运动的边界条件；而后建立鞋涉水过程的流-固耦合模型，采用耦合欧拉-拉格朗日方法（CEL）以可视化的方式分析鞋详细的“涉水-出水”过程，确定整个过程可分为排水、推水、水膜生成、水膜破裂和完全出水5个阶段. 最后，对运动鞋、平底鞋进行涉水仿真，对比各个阶段的体积分数云图、水域速度云图和系统动能变化，采用涉水时间和消耗能量大小为涉水性能评价指标，发现平底鞋的涉水性能弱于运动鞋.     

基于鲸鱼优化算法的类图重构研究

为了提高软件质量,组合使用重构技术、软件度量和元启发式搜索可以有效改进软件的结构而不影响其功能.本文提出一种基于鲸鱼优化算法的类图重构方法,并结合耦合、继承、抽象3个指标所构建的质量模型来指导类图重构序列寻优.在6个不同的开源程序上使用鲸鱼优化方法对类图进行重构,研究结果表明:基于鲸鱼优化算法的类图重构在质量增益上优于模拟退火算法和爬山算法,可有效提高重构质量.     

钢筋混凝土牛腿抗剪承载力设计修正系数研究

为了研究钢筋混凝土牛腿的抗剪承载力,并评估我国和欧美规范牛腿设计方法的准确性和安全性,基于收集的209组牛腿竖向受剪试验数据对ACI 318-19、EC2、CSA A23.3-04和其他主要的牛腿抗剪承载力计算方法进行评估,发现欧美规范拉压杆模型方法较为保守,而软化拉压杆模型(softened strut-and-tie model,SSTM)能够较好地预测牛腿的抗剪承载力.在此基础上,设计了一系列满足我国规范要求的钢筋混凝土牛腿,主要变化的参数包括剪切跨度、混凝土强度、钢筋强度等,通过将牛腿的设计剪力与软化拉压杆模型计算得到的抗剪承载力进行对比,分析了不同设计参数下我国规范方法的准确性和安全性.并根据参数分析结果拟合了牛腿承载力修正系数的简化公式,并通过试验数据验证了简化公式的准确性和合理性.最后对牛腿在剪力作用下的设计方法提出了改进建议,可供钢筋混凝土牛腿设计参考.     

GPS单频PPP电离层延迟改正模型探讨

针对电离层延迟会导致GPS单频精密单点定位精度严重缺失的情况,分别探讨了克罗布歇模型、格网模型和历元差分模型,并采用IGS跟踪站数据进行电离层延迟改正。同时根据改正后的单频精密单点定位精度,比较了这三种电离层延迟改正模型的改正效果。结果表明:历元差分模型的改正效果最好,其改正后单频精密单点定位精度可达到厘米级,能较好地符合实际应用要求。     

Sperm viability in the reproductive tract of females in a population of Sceloporus mucronatus exhibiting asynchronous reproduction

Asynchronous reproduction is a common phenomenon in high-elevation populations of lizards from Central México. Sperm storage in the reproductive tract of females is the mechanism for making oocyte fertilization possible. Our study addresses questions related to functional oviductal sperm storage of females mating on different dates throughout the reproductive season. A population of Sceloporus mucronatus with copulation in the summer and ovulation in the fall was chosen for this experiment. Eleven females that copulated in the field during June and 13 females that copulated in captivity during August were maintained in the laboratory until parturition. The number of pregnant females and the litter sizes produced in each experimental group were indicative of the viability of the stored sperm. Sperm stored in the reproductive tract of females were able to fertilize eggs after 4 months. No significant differences were found in the number of pregnant females between the 2 experimental groups nor in the litter sizes that they produced. We found that the amount of time sperm were held in the female reproductive tract (ca. 3 months) had no effect on the capacity of sperm to fertilize eggs. Histological examination of 8 oviducts collected before the mating season eliminated the possibility of sperm storage from one year to the next. In this system, sperm retention could have evolved as a response mechanism to deal with the asynchrony between sexes in the reproductive cycles. However, we cannot rule out alternative hypotheses.     

Simulating FAS-induced apoptosis by using P systems

In contrast to differential equations, P systems are an unconventional model of computation which takes into consideration the discrete character of the quantity of components and the inherent randomness that exists in biological phenomena. The key feature of P systems is their compartmentalised structure which represents the heterogeneity of the structural organisation of the cells, and where one can take into account the role played by membranes in the functioning of the system, for example signalling at the cell surface, selective uptake of substances from the media, diffusion across different compartments, etc. We show here that P systems can be a reliable tool for Systems Biology and could even outperform in some cases the current simulation techniques based on differential equations. We will also use a strategy based on the well known Gillespie algorithm but running on more than one compartment called Multi-compartmental Gillespie Algorithm.     

Genetic background of phenotypic variation

A noteworthy feature of the living world is its bewildering variability. A key issue in several biological disciplines is the achievement of an understanding of the hereditary basis of this variability. Two opposing, but not necessarily irreconcilable conceptions attempt to explain the underlying mechanism. The gene function paradigm postulates that phenotypic variance is generated by the polymorphism in the coding sequences of genes. However, comparisons of a great number of homologous gene and protein sequences have revealed that they predominantly remained functionally conserved even across distantly related phylogenic taxa. Alternatively, the gene regulation paradigm assumes that differences in the cis-regulatory region of genes do account for phenotype variation within species. An extension of this latter concept is that phenotypic variability is generated by the polymorphism in the overall gene expression profiles of gene networks. In other words, the activity of a particular gene is a system property determined both by the cis-regulatory sequences of the given genes and by the other genes of a gene network, whose expressions vary among individuals, too. Novel proponents of gene function paradigm claim that functional genetic variance within the coding sequences of regulatory genes is critical for the generation of morphological polymorphism. Note, however, that these developmental genes play direct regulatory roles in the control of gene expression.