克拉玛依油田微生物吞吐矿场试验及效果分析

针对克拉玛依油田稠油沥青质组分所占比例大的特点,通过室内菌种筛选,选育出适合克拉玛依稠油的微生物菌种,该菌种能够显著降解稠油中的沥青质。微生物吞吐矿场试验结果表明：六口油井措施有效率100%,累计增油936.883t,取得明显的经济效益,该技术为新疆油田稠油蒸汽吞吐后进一步提高采收率提供了一种工序简单、安全环保的新方法。     

复杂断块油藏高含水期剩余油挖潜调整技术研究

岔河集油田岔12断块东三段、沙一段油藏为中孔低渗常压高饱和压力非均质复杂断块油气藏,其断层发育、构造破碎,砂体横向分布稳定性差且分布范围较小,油层分布零散。目前油田开发已进入高含水期,为改善油田开发效果,应用数值模拟方法,研究了该油藏高含水期挖潜上产合理的技术开发政策。通过方案优选,确定了该油藏的剩余油挖潜上产方案。今后油藏应立足于注水开发,但不应以补孔改层等为上产措施,而应以化学调驱为主要手段。实施效果表明,所取得的研究成果对油田开发具有较强的指导意义。     

预测油气田产量的β模型

通过对油气田产量变化规律进行系统研究,推导建立了预测油气田产量的β模型。该模型不但可以预测油气田产量、累积产量随生产时间的变化,而且可以预测可采储量、最高年产量及其发生的时间。实例检验该模型是可信的。     

Natural variation at Strubbelig Receptor Kinase 3 drives immune-triggered incompatibilities between Arabidopsis thaliana accessions

Accumulation of genetic incompatibilities within species can lead to reproductive isolation and, potentially, speciation. In this study, we show that allelic variation at SRF3 (Strubbelig Receptor Family 3), encoding a receptor-like kinase, conditions the occurrence of incompatibility between Arabidopsis thaliana accessions. The geographical distribution of SRF3 alleles reveals that allelic forms causing epistatic incompatibility with a Landsberg erecta allele at the RPP1 resistance locus are present in A. thaliana accessions in central Asia. Incompatible SRF3 alleles condition for an enhanced early immune response to pathogens as compared to the resistance-dampening effect of compatible SRF3 forms in isogenic backgrounds. Variation in disease susceptibility suggests a basis for the molecular patterns of a recent selective sweep detected at the SRF3 locus in central Asian populations.     

Mutations in ISPD cause Walker-Warburg syndrome and defective glycosylation of α-dystroglycan

Walker-Warburg syndrome (WWS) is an autosomal recessive multisystem disorder characterized by complex eye and brain abnormalities with congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD) and aberrant a-dystroglycan glycosylation. Here we report mutations in the ISPD gene (encoding isoprenoid synthase domain containing) as the second most common cause of WWS. Bacterial IspD is a nucleotidyl transferase belonging to a large glycosyltransferase family, but the role of the orthologous protein in chordates is obscure to date, as this phylum does not have the corresponding non-mevalonate isoprenoid biosynthesis pathway. Knockdown of ispd in zebrafish recapitulates the human WWS phenotype with hydrocephalus, reduced eye size, muscle degeneration and hypoglycosylated a-dystroglycan. These results implicate ISPD in a-dystroglycan glycosylation in maintaining sarcolemma integrity in vertebrates.     

Regulation of primary cilia formation and left-right patterning in zebrafish by a noncanonical Wnt signaling mediator, duboraya

Primary cilia are microtubule-based organelles that project from the surface of nearly every animal cell. Although important functions of primary cilia in morphogenesis and tissue homeostasis have been identified, the mechanisms that control the formation of primary cilia are not understood. Here we characterize a zebrafish gene, termed duboraya (dub), that is essential for ciliogenesis. Knockdown of dub in zebrafish embryos results in both defects in primary cilia formation in Kupffer's vesicle and randomization of left-right organ asymmetries. We show that, at the molecular level, the function of dub in ciliogenesis is regulated by phosphorylation, which in turn depends on Frizzled-2-mediated noncanonical Wnt signaling. We also provide evidence that, at the cellular level, dub function is essential for actin organization in the cells lining Kupffer's vesicle. Taken together, our findings identify a molecular factor that links noncanonical Wnt signaling with the control of left-right axis specification, and provide an entry point for analyzing the mechanisms that regulate primary cilia formation.     

大型集装箱船拖曳水池敞开式风场中风阻试验与数值计算

就拖曳水池开展了风场研究,对敞开式风场风阻试验进行了可行性验证.在此基础上,对一缩尺比为1.0∶87.5的3 100箱集装箱船模进行了风阻测试与集装箱布置优化分析,结合一系列布置方案试验结果以及计算流体力学CFD数值模拟计算,讨论了集装箱布置对船舶风阻的影响.结果表明:敞开式风场中风阻试验是一种简单有效的新式测量方法;试验结果与CFD及ITTC推荐公式进行了交叉验证,具有一定可靠性,CFD在精度与细节模拟上效果更佳;布置优化可以有效减少大型集装箱船风阻.     

开圆孔波纹腹板钢梁弹性抗剪屈曲

进行了开有圆孔的波纹腹板钢梁腹板的弹性抗剪屈曲研究.建立了有限元模型,通过特征值屈曲分析得到弹性屈曲荷载.探讨了开孔腹板弹性屈曲应力与孔径大小、腹板高度、腹板厚度、开孔的横向偏心以及纵向偏心的关系.在已有的未开孔波纹腹板受剪屈曲承载力计算公式的基础上,通过大量的有限元数值计算,分析了各参数的影响,以折减系数的形式得到开孔后的弹性抗剪屈曲承载力计算公式.     

基于小波包和独立分量分析的微弱多源故障声发射信号分离

针对旋转机械设备中同时存在的裂纹、摩擦等多故障源信号难以检测和分离的问题,提出了一种基于小波包分析(WPA)与独立分量分析(ICA)的多源故障信号提取方法,即首先用WPA对含噪线性混合信号降噪预处理,由db2小波基函数进行5层分解后保留62.5~187.5kHz频段信号,然后采用ICA中的FastICA算法对降噪后的混合信号分离,最后对各通道分离出的信号用收缩函数进行频段内去噪处理.对不同输入信噪比的含噪微弱裂纹和摩擦信号进行提取和分析的结果表明,该方法能有效提取出输入信噪比大于-15dB的裂纹和摩擦信号.当混合信号信噪比为-15dB时,裂纹和摩擦信号的输出信噪比分别为-1.31和-1.36dB,相关系数分别为0.62和0.63,提取效果好于结合小波包和FastICA分离方法(信噪比分别为-1.74和-2.06dB,相关系数分别为0.59和0.59)以及单独采用FastICA算法(信噪比分别为-4.57和-4.31dB,相关系数分别为0.17和0.19).因此,所提出的综合WPA和ICA的方法是一种较好的多源微弱信号提取方法.     

关于《现代汽车与汽车文化》通选课的教学探讨

越来越多的高等院校将《现代汽车与汽车文化》作为一门普及汽车知识的公共选修课,这对提高非汽车专业的大学生综合素质具有很重要的意义。本文就该课程的教学内容、教学手段和教学方法等方面提出了一些个人的经验及见解,从理论和实践上探索了提高汽车文化教学效果的途径。