基于Oyane准则的金属板材渐进成形破裂预测

针对渐进成形中的破裂缺陷,将Oyane准则引入数值模拟中,有效预测了渐进成形中金属板料的成形极限.首先,针对DC56D+Z钢板,基于获取的Oyane准则材料参数,通过试验与数值模拟确定了破裂积分值I=4为破裂的临界条件.然后,基于响应面法建立了工艺参数与I积分值之间的非线性模型,且通过方差分析验证了该模型的有效性.研究得出:该数值模型可以有效预测最大破裂积分I值,I值随着成形角α、层间距Δz和工具头直径d的增大而增大,3个工艺参数的影响作用逐渐减弱,且αΔz、αd两种组合的交互作用影响较大.     

中间相沥青基泡沫炭发泡过程及其动力学研究

以AR中间相沥青为原料,结合TG、黏度分析、MS及IR等表征方法研究了中间相沥青基泡沫炭的发泡过程及其动力学特征.结果表明:中间相沥青在发泡过程中主要发生脂肪碳链的热解反应并释放出H2、CH4、H2O和CO等气体,导致熔融沥青中的分子组成产生变化,进而引起其黏度变化.在此基础上采用TG分析模拟不同升温速率及发泡温度下中间相沥青的失重过程,并通过拟合中间相沥青恒温阶段的TG曲线,发现中间相沥青的恒温失重率Δw与发泡时间tb成较好的线性关系,结合Arrhenius方程计算得到不同升温速率下恒温发泡过程的动力学参数.此研究工作对于中间相沥青基泡沫炭的可控制备具有较好的理论指导作用.     

New bisexual form of Cavernocypris subterranea (Wolf, 1920) (Crustacea, Ostracoda) from Idaho

Males of Cavernocypris subterranea were found for the first time in an Idaho spring. The bisexual form is described on soft body parts and valves. The genus Cavernocypris now includes 2 bisexual and 1 parthenogenteic species.     

Correlation,entropy, and information transfer in black hole radiation

Since the discovery of Hawking radiation, its consistency with quantum theory has been widely questioned. In the widely described picture, irrespective of what initial state a black hole starts with before collapsing, it eventually evolves into a thermal state of Hawking radiations after the black hole is exhausted. This scenario violates the principle of unitarity as required for quantum mechanics and leads to the acclaimed ‘‘information loss paradox'. This paradox has become an obstacle or a reversed touchstone for any possible theory to unify the gravity and quantum mechanics. Based on the results from Hawking radiation as tunneling, we recently show that Hawking radiations can carry off all information about the collapsed matter in a black hole. After discovering the existence of information-carrying correlation, we show in great detail that entropy is conserved for Hawking radiation based on standard probability theory and statistics. We claim that information previously considered lost remains hidden inside Hawking radiation. More specifically, it is encoded into correlations between Hawking radiations. Our study thus establishes harmony between Hawking radiation and the unitarity of quantum mechanics, which establishes the basis for a significant milestone toward resolving the long-standing information loss paradox. The paper provides a brief review of the exciting development on Hawking radiation. In addition to summarize our own work on this subject, we compare and address other related studies.     

Conservation status of the threatened, insular San Jose brush rabbit ( Sylvilagus mansuetus )

The conservation status and distribution of the insular endemic San Jose brush rabbit ( Sylvilagus mansuetus ), as well as threats to its population viability, were determined through surveys undertaken since 1995 on San José Island in the Gulf of California, Mexico. Sylvilagus mansuetus is restricted to a specific desert habitat found in the southwestern coastal plains of the island. Vegetation in this habitat is composed primarily of 7 plant species. The extent of rabbit occurrence is only 20 km 2 , and the population density estimate in the most optimal habitat is 25–35 individuals · km –2 . To our knowledge, the San Jose brush rabbit possesses the smallest distribution among all lagomorph species. Sylvilagus mansuetus is threatened by a population of feral cats and by human activities, including illegal hunting, development of a tourist area, and a salt mine. Human activities, even over a short time frame, could severely impact this restricted area and endanger the survival of this species. Recommended management includes removing cats and conducting additional research on the rabbit’s life history and ecology. Se determinó el estado de conservación y la distribución del conejo de San José ( Sylvilagus mansuetus ), una especie insular endémica, mediante muestreos que se han llevado a cabo desde 1995 en la isla de San José en el Mar de Cortés, México. Sylvilagus mansuetus quedó restringido a un tipo específico de hábitat desértico en la llanura costera suroccidental de la isla, donde predominan 7 especies de plantas. La extensión de la especie es de sólo 20 km 2 , y la densidad de la población en el hábitat óptimo se estimó entre 25 y 35 individuos · km –2 . Hasta donde conocemos, el conejo de San José tiene el área de distribución más pequeña de todas las especies de lagomorfos. Sylvilagus mansuetus se ve amenazado por una población de gatos ferales y por actividades humanas tales como la caza ilegal, el turismo y la operación de una mina de sal. Las actividades humanas podrían tener un impacto severo en esta área restringida y podrían poner en peligro la supervivencia de esta especie dentro de poco tiempo. Algunas acciones recomendables para el manejo de la especie incluyen el eliminar los gatos y llevar a cabo estudios adicionales para obtener más detalles sobre la biología y ecología del conejo a fin de mejorar su conservación.     

Status of an invading mainland jackrabbit on Cerralvo island, Gulf of California

We report the first observations of the black-tailed jackrabbit ( Lepus californicus ) on Cerralvo Island, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Evidence suggests a self-sustaining population. Analysis of available records indicates no previous record of Lepus on the island. Introduction of the jackrabbit to the island appears to have occurred between 1960 and 1991.     

Growth and demography of one population of the lizard Sceloporus mucronatus mucronatus

We report on growth and demography of Sceloporus mucronatus mucronatus , a lizard subspecies endemic to central Mexico. We characterize the life history of this subspecies, provide quantitative information relevant to conservation, and add to the growing literature on the diversity of life histories in the genus Sceloporus . We calculated body growth rates and fitted them to the Von Bertalanffy, the logistic-by-length, and the logistic-by-weight growth models. The Von Bertalanffy model provided the best fit, and we used it to analyze the growth pattern. Growth rates were similar during the 1st year of life in both sexes, but after that point males grew faster and reached maturity earlier (20 months) than females (31 months). We used a population projection matrix to model population dynamics during 2003–2004 and found a positive population growth rate (λ = 1.769). However, based on the projected stable size-class vector ( w ), this population does not appear to have reached stability, and it might be currently experiencing considerable interannual fluctuations. Elasticity values showed that the transition from the juvenile stage to the 1st adult stage was the vital rate that contributes the most to population growth rate, followed by fecundity and stasis of the 1st reproductive category. While total elasticities for demographic processes were similar, elasticities per size class showed the relatively high importance of small adults in comparison to juveniles and large adults. The restriction of this endemic subspecies to central Mexico, where human activities and consequent habitat destruction are increasing, demands further quantitative evaluation and monitoring of populations, even though our results indicate a potential for population growth.     

一致质量矩阵在向量式有限元中的应用

为研究一致质量矩阵在向量式有限元分析中的应用,采用第二类拉格朗日方程建立向量式有限元的质点运动方程,从能量原理推导了一致质量矩阵、集中质量矩阵和力矩阵,并引入节点位移约束,对两种质量矩阵在杆系结构中的向量化方程及含义作了对比.进一步通过受冲击荷载的无约束杆算例和受突加荷载的平面桁架算例,对比了采用两种质量矩阵的向量式有限元、刚体动力学及ANSYS分析软件得到的动力响应.结果表明:在瞬态动力分析中,采用一致质量矩阵比集中质量矩阵得到的结果更精确.当计算刚体平动时,两种质量矩阵的计算结果接近;而当计算刚体转动时,采用一致质量矩阵的向量式有限元方法具有较好的计算精度和效率,从而验证了一致质量矩阵在向量式有限元中的适用性和精准性.     

基于机液联合仿真的剪叉机构疲劳寿命分析

为解决工程机械复杂机液结构的疲劳寿命计算问题,以某型号高空作业平台剪叉机构为研究对象,提出了一种基于机液联合仿真的结构疲劳寿命计算方法.首先,建立了剪叉机构的机液联合刚柔耦合多体动力学仿真模型,分析了剪叉机构在举升过程中的受力情况,确定了极限工况为举升阶段79.2 s时刻,提取了各关键铰点处的载荷谱;并通过剪叉机构的油缸压力和结构应力测试实验,验证了动力学仿真模型的正确性;然后,基于联合仿真确定的极限工况和铰点载荷谱,对剪叉臂进行了极限工况下和单位载荷作用下的静力学分析,得到了剪叉臂结构应力分布情况;最后,利用铰点载荷谱和剪叉臂结构应力通过仿真获得剪叉臂疲劳损伤云图,确定了剪叉臂疲劳危险部位主要是剪叉臂各个零部件的连接位置处,为后续的疲劳寿命优化提供了基础.     

一种可再生能源接入的多端口 变换器及其能量协同管理

针对水力发电和光伏发电存在功率波动大、稳定性差等问题,提出了一种适应新能源接入的多端口变换器及能量协同控制方案.首先,针对多端口变换器常见的拓扑结构进行了对比分析,选定了多端口变换器的拓扑结构;其次,针对多种新能源(如光、水、风力等)能量互补的一般性问题,提出了一种基于多端口变换器的多模态能量协同控制方案.最后,仿真模拟了多工况下的运行状态,仿真结果表明,双层控制策略能有效地实现能量协调调度,能解决某局部区域内的负荷季节性过载问题.该多端口变换器能实现对直流母线电压、输出功率等关键参数的控制,具有较强的适应能力.