Does the FRN in brain potentials reflect motivational/affective consequence of outcome evaluation?

Electrophysiological studies have utilized event-related brain potentials (ERPs) to investigate neural processes related to the evaluation of the outcome of behavioral performance or to the evaluation of external feedback. The feedback-related negativity (FRN) in brain potentials has been shown to be sensitive to information indicating monetary loss or negative feedback. Since monetary loss usually indicates both the consequence of previous performance and the reward value of stimuli, it is controversial whether the FRN reflects the cognitive process of error detection per se and/or the motivational/affective process related to the subjective evaluation of the error. This study manipulated the motivational/affective significance of negative feedback by penalizing errors in a context-dependent way in a line judgment task. Participants could lose more money in the loss incentive condition or win less money in the win incentive condition if their subsequent judgment of line segments was less accurate, whereas they could receive performance feedback but without monetary incentive in the neutral condition. Results showed that the size of the FRN effect as well as the size of the P300 effect, as assessed by comparing brain responses to the error trials with the responses to the correct trials, increased linearly over the loss, neutral, and win conditions, suggesting that the FRN is sensitive to the motivational/affective evaluation of the performance outcome.     

An oscillatory neural network and dynamical associative memory

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A MULTI-ATTRIBUTE LARGE GROUP EMERGENCY DECISION MAKING METHOD BASED ON GROUP PREFERENCE CONSISTENCY OF GENERALIZED INTERVAL-VALUED TRAPEZOIDAL FUZZY NUMBERS

In this paper,a new decision making approach is proposed for the multi-attribute large group emergency decision-making problem that attribute weights are unknown and expert preference information is expressed by generalized interval-valued trapezoidal fuzzy numbers(GITFNs).Firstly,a degree of similarity formula between GITFNs is presented.Secondly,expert preference information on different alternatives is clustered into several aggregations via the fuzzy clustering method.As the clustering proceeds,an index of group preference consistency is introduced to ensure the clustering effect,and then the group preference information on different alternatives is obtained.Thirdly,the TOPSIS method is used to rank the alternatives.Finally,an example is taken to show the feasibility and effectiveness of this approach.These method can ensure the consistency degree of group preference,thus decision efficiency of emergency response activities can be improved.     

Improving thermal insulation of TC4 using YSZ-based coating and SiO2 aerogel

In this paper, air plasmas spray(APS) was used to prepare YSZ and Sc2O3–YSZ(Sc YSZ) coating in order to improve the thermal insulation ability of TC4 alloy. Si O2 aerogel was also synthesized and affixed on TC4 titanium alloy to inhabit thermal flow. The microstructures, phase compositions and thermal insulation performance of three coatings were analyzed in detail. The results of thermal diffusivity test by a laser flash method showed that the thermal diffusivities of YSZ, Sc2O3–YSZ and Si O2 aerogel are 0.553, 0.539 and 0.2097 10 6m2/s, respectively. Then,the thermal insulation performances of three kinds of coating were investigated from 20 1C to 400 1C using high infrared radiation heat flux technology. The experimental results indicated that the corresponding temperature difference between the top TC4 alloy(400 1C) and the bottom surface of YSZ is 41.5 1C for 0.6 mm thickness coating. For 1 mm thickness coating, the corresponding temperature difference between the top TC4 alloys(400 1C) and the bottom surface of YSZ, Sc YSZ, Si O2 aerogel three specimens is 54, 54.6 and 208 1C, respectively. The coating thickness and species were found to influence the heat insulation ability. In these materials, YSZ and Sc YSZ exhibited a little difference for heat insulation behavior. However, Si O2 aerogel was the best one among them and it can be taken as protection material on TC4 alloys. In outer space,Si O2 aerogel can meet the need of thermal insulation of TC4 of high-speed aircraft.     

多水源管网供水分界线及等水压线的动态模拟

利用拓扑理论，提出了一种在管网多水力计算基础上，确定水源的供水分界线和管网等水压线的自动绘制方法．并在AutoCAD 2000平台上用Visual C 6.0编程直接调用水力计算结果，实现供水分界线和管网等压线的动态图形模拟显示．     

TECHNOLOGICAL STUDY OF MAGNESIUM BISULFITE KENAF PULP

MATERIALANDEXPERIMENTMaterialChemical composition is different with different materials, origin and different parts of the same plant. In order to find whether Kenaf is fit to magnesium-base bisulfite pulping for writing paper or not, the composition of kenaf was analyzed first.Shown in Table 1.As is shown in Table 2,the length of phloem fiber is about 2.6~2.9mm, shorter than softwood, it is available for papermaking.The width is about 17~19μm,very fit to fiber interlacing, and the …     

论企业人力资本投资策略

1　AboutmanpowercapitalAbouttheconceptofmanpowercapital,mostscholarsacceptSchultz’sdefinition ,thatis ,manpow ercapitalisreflectionofone’sknowledge ,abilityandhealth .Butsomescholarshavedonedeeperdiscussiontothisconcept .Somethinkthatmanpowercapitalisdividedintoelementaryandadvancedtwolevels.Theformerreferstothephysicalpower ,experience ,pro ductionknowledgeandtechnicalabilityofhealthypeople ,andthelatterreferstotheconcentratedreflec tionofone’sgenius ,talent ,andthepotentialthatcouldbeexp…     

The Single-Vendor-Single-Buyer Integrated Production-Shipment Model with Stock Dependent Demand Rate

In the integrated production-shipment models for the single-vendor-single-buyer system presented hitherto, the demand rate of items is treated as a constant. However, many researchers have observed that the presence of more quantities of the same product tends to attract more customers. This suggests that the demand rate should depend on the stock level. This paper presents a single-vendor-single-buyer production-shipment model with the stock dependent demand rate, based on the demand rate linearly depending upon the stock level at any instant of time.     

New Challenge of Global Change

We briefly review the development of global change research program in the last decade, introduce the new structure of global change in the next decade, discusses the opportunities and challenges for China, and gives some suggestion on the supporting fields during the Tenth Five-Year Plan Period from 2001 to 2005.