Corrosion behavior of high-strength spring steel for high-speed railway

The corrosion resistance and evolution of corrosion products in medium-carbon high-strength spring steels were investigated in a neutral salt spray (5wt% NaCl solution). A formation model of γ-FeOOH and a transformation model describing the conversion of γ-FeOOH to α-FeOOH were constructed. The results indicated that, at the initial corrosion stage, the corrosion resistance was gradually improved with the addition of Cr; however, with the addition of alloying element V, the corrosion resistance decreased. These results were attributed mainly to the initial corrosion stage being closely related to the matrix microstructure parameters such as grain-boundary character and dislocation density. After the rust layer was formed at a later corrosion stage, the corrosion resistance was reinforced with the addition of Cr and V because Cr strongly influenced the composition, structure, and morphology of the corrosion products. The results presented herein show that Cr was conducive to the transformation of γ-FeOOH into α-FeOOH. Moreover, V and Cr exhibited obvious synergy and were enriched in the inner layer of the corrosion products.     

角膜生物力学特性研究进展

 角膜的光学功能与其形态结构紧密相联,角膜形态的异常可导致近视、远视、圆锥角膜等眼部疾病。细致研究角膜的力学特性,建立有临床用途的生物力学模型已成为一个重要研究领域。本文以首都医科大学眼生物力学研究团队的研究工作为基础,综述在角膜力学特性研究中的实验测试方法和本构参数获取方法等方面的进展。     

石墨烯复合材料在警车防弹防护方面的研究

研究警车高性能防弹防护材料应用技术,尝试采用石墨烯改性的方式对陶瓷及铝合金的强度、韧性性能进行了改性提升,利用石墨烯改性材料制备了复合防弹板,并进行了实弹射击试验,研究了防弹警车应用可行性.试验结果表明,石墨烯改性可以有效提高陶瓷的断裂韧度,以及铝合金的强度及弹性模量.经53式7.62 mm穿甲弹三次射击,靶板无穿透,用石墨烯改性陶瓷制备的防弹装甲板,可有效降低材料密度,大幅度提高防弹性能,对车辆防弹性能及轻量化技术研究具有一定的参考价值.     

基于电磁-温度耦合方法的永磁驱动器温度场分析

基于电磁-温度场耦合方法,分析了盘式永磁驱动器的温度场.基于电磁场解析计算建立了盘式永磁驱动器的电磁场解析模型,推导了涡流损耗公式.计算了热阻和散热系数,并以涡流损耗为热源,建立了盘式永磁驱动器等效热网络模型.预测随负载变化时盘式永磁驱动器的涡流损耗和铜盘温度的变化.解析结果与有限元结果比较表明:基于电磁-温度场耦合方法所建立的电磁场解析模型和温度场解析模型能快速、准确地预测涡流损耗和铜盘温度.     

Melatonin and mitochondrial function during ischemia/reperfusion injury

Ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury occurs in many organs and tissues, and contributes to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Melatonin, an endogenously produced indolamine, provides a strong defense against IR injury. Mitochondrion, an organelle for ATP production and a decider for cell fate, has been validated to be a crucial target for melatonin to exert its protection against IR injury. In this review, we first clarify the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dysfunction during IR and melatonin’s protection of mitochondria under this condition. Thereafter, special focus is placed on the protective actions of melatonin against IR injury in brain, heart, liver, and others. Finally, we explore several potential future directions of research in this area. Collectively, the information compiled here will serve as a comprehensive reference for the actions of melatonin in IR injury identified to date and will hopefully aid in the design of future research and increase the potential of melatonin as a therapeutic agent.     

内分泌干扰物对雄激素受体功能的干扰

内分泌干扰物(Endocrine disrupting chemicals,EDC)是指干扰内源激素的生物合成、代谢和功能,从而干扰动物内分泌系统的外源活性物质。本文特别介绍了做为EDC类物质之一的雄激素干扰物(Androgen disruptors,AD)的不同种类和生理效应。AD可与雄激素受体(Androgen receptor,AR)结合发挥AR激动剂或拮抗剂作用,其中做为激动剂的AD主要有1,2-二溴-4-环己烷(TBECH);做为拮抗剂的AD主要有氟他胺类、有机氯杀虫剂类、二苯甲烷类、双酚A、邻苯二甲酸酯、烷基酚类等。它们通过多种分子机制干扰AR的功能,进而对动物的生殖和发育等功能产生严重影响。本文认为在国内应加强对AD的深入研究,并重视AD对鱼类等非哺乳类动物的影响的研究;同时应注重从源头上阻止AD在环境中的扩散和二次污染,并大力发展生物植被降解技术、光催化技术、新型纳米材料吸附、人工生态系等生态修复技术,建立无毒、无内分泌干扰效应的AD高通量筛选技术,以消除AD对生态系统的不良影响。     

基于离散时间风险模型下的亏损破产概率的研究

新定义离散时间风险模型下的亏损破产概率为初始盈余u,亏损额度不大于y的破产概率。利用离散时间风险模型下的终时破产概率的计算规律,得到初始盈余水平在不同条件下的亏损破产概率的具体表达形式,并且数值模拟了一定条件下不同参数取值对亏损破产概率的影响情况,数据表明当亏损边界固定时,随着初始盈余水平的增加,亏损破产概率水平逐渐减小;当初始盈余水平固定时,随着亏损边界的增加,亏损破产概率水平逐渐增多。     

高新技术企业创新资金配置风险预警的FOA-SVM模型及实证

为了提高创新资金的运营效率和为企业创新活动提供有效支撑,按照高新技术企业创新资金配置的生态化要求,从资金的来源、使用、偿还、收益分配四个维度进行风险分析并构建风险预警指标,给出创新资金配置的生态目标,将支持向量机二分类问题扩展到多分类并与果蝇优化算法结合构建风险预警的FOA-SVM (fruit fly optimization algorithm and support vector machines)模型,确定警度和警限,选取117家医药制造企业2016年数据进行模型验证并与GA-SVM (genetic algorithm and support vector machines)模型进行比较分析,研究表明,FOA-SVM模型分类准确率高而且对于高风险的误判率低,可以实现对高新技术企业创新资金配置风险的分类预警,为优化创新资金配置、防范与控制创新资金配置风险提供依据.     

基于开关执行器的空间飞行器大角度姿态控制

针对空间飞行器姿态控制系统采用开关式姿控发动机的特点，研究了空间飞行器大角度机动三通道耦合姿态控制问题。为克服大角度机动时使用欧拉角可能产生的奇异问题，采用四元数描述的空间飞行器姿态运动数学模型，应用Lyapunov方法设计了控制量受限情况下的基于误差四元数的大角度姿态运动变结构控制器，并给出了严格的数学证明。为了避免控制律中的颤动问题，用边界层来代替控制律中符号函数。给出了从一种静态到另外一种静态的姿态跟踪四元数指令确定方法。数值仿真结果说明了所提出的控制器的有效性。