Coastal wetland in South China： Degradation trends, causes and protection countermeasures

There are abundant coastal wetlands in South China and their main characters are the tidal flats, mangroves and coral reefs. In this paper, the status quo of coastal wetlands in South China is introduced and their degradation trends in the last decades are analyzed based on the existing literatures and information. Their degradation trends are characterized by reduction of coastal wetlands＇ area, pollution of seawater environment, degeneration of ecological environment, sharp decrease of biodiversity in the wetlands and so on. At the same time, the causes resulting in the above-mentioned degradations are discussed, mainly concluding imperfect systems of management and legislation, deficient property and assessment systems of the wetlands, weak consciousness of protecting coastal wetlands, shortage of basic study and backward management level and so on. Some countermeasures are put forward for the sake of a sustainable use of the coastal wetlands of South China, mainly including establishing and perfecting administrative and legal systems for the coastal wetlands, developing the study on assessment of coastal wetland, heightening the consciousness of public participation, and strengthening scientific research and establishment of wetland nature reserves.     

氧同位素：追踪陆架海沿岸水团变化的良好标志

对于陆架海而言除了冰体积效应,温度效应外,还有由于大陆淡水注入引起的,使δ＾１８Ｏ值负向偏移的效应,而且在低海平面时期,当沿岸水团盛行时,这种效应起主导作用。笔者将这种效应从广州的盐度效应中分离出来,称为陆架海的负值效应。     

藏南特提斯晚三叠世海岸风成沙丘的发现及其意义

通过近年来的研究,首次在聂拉木县土隆村上三叠统德日荣组中发现了海岸风成沙丘沉积。其风成证据有:(1)普遍具风成大型交错层理,倾角达20°～30°且倾向均一,交错纹层向上变薄,具反粒序,与下伏界面相切,层间界面多为高波痕指数(>15)波状风蚀起伏面。(2)见沙丘夹丘间沉积的基本层序。沙丘沉积单层厚2～6m,呈块状,结构松散。丘间沉积较薄,有时为透镜体,多为水道沉积,有些为具反粒序的风成沙席沉积。(3)沙丘砂由分选、磨圆好的石英砂组成,含量大于95%,具单众数粒度分布,无悬移质。(4)见角砾化前积层、牵引褶曲、倒转褶曲等常见的风成沙丘同沉积变形构造。(5)具有与水成砂岩完全不同的胶结特征。海岸风成沙丘的存在准确地标定了特提斯南岸的古海岸线位置、丰富了研究区的沉积类型,无疑对特提斯海的层序划分、海平面变化及其古地理演化研究具有一定意义。     

上海市南汇南滩近期演变特征分析

作者利用经验正交函数(EOF)方法分析了上海市南汇南滩近期冲淤特征，表现为随着时间的推移在空间上纵向与横向的两种波动.纵向上,南汇南滩的冲淤波动以类似行进波的形式向西传播,速率约为820m/a,波动幅度沿程递减,横向上,以水下斜波和海床的衔拉部位为节点,整个剖面以类似驻波的形式上下振动,节点上下出现相反的冲淤趋势,即上冲下淤或上淤下冲.水下斜波带冲淤幅度最大,滩地和海床相对要小.     

福建海岛草丛植被的等级聚合分类

福建海岛草丛植被是海岛的重要资源,植被调查是实现沿海地区经济发展战略的重要措施之一。本文用等级聚合分类把福建海岛22个样地的草丛植被分为10个类型。揭示了按优势种划分的各个类型之间的联系和区别,表明了群落样地中的种类组成与环境之间的关系。研究证明,等级聚合分类在草丛植被分类中是可行的。     

广西滨海旅游资源开发初探

该文概述了广西滨海旅游资源发展的现状，分析了其优势，提出了开发构想。     

Coastal wetland in South China:Degradation trends,causes and protection countermeasures

There are abundant coastal wetlands in South China and their main characters are the tidal flats, mangroves and coral reefs. In this paper, the status quo of coastal wetlands in South China is introduced and their degradation trends in the last decades are analyzed based on the existing literatures and information. Their degradation trends are characterized by reduction of coastal wetlands’ area, pollution of seawater environment, degeneration of ecological environment, sharp decrease of biodiversity in the wetlands and so on. At the same time, the causes resulting in the above-mentioned degradations are discussed, mainly concluding imperfect systems of management and legislation, deficient property and assessment systems of the wetlands, weak consciousness of protecting coastal wetlands, shortage of basic study and backward management level and so on. Some countermeasures are put forward for the sake of a sustainable use of the coastal wetlands of South China, mainly including establishing and perfecting administrative and legal systems for the coastal wetlands, developing the study on assessment of coastal wetland, heightening the consciousness of public participation, and strengthening scientific research and establishment of wetland nature reserves.     

我国近海面临的石油污染及其防治

随着我国石油进口量和海上运输量的逐年递增,我国的近海石油污染日益加剧.本文着重分析了我国近海石油污染加剧的背景和原因、海洋石油污染的危害以及防治海洋石油污染的方法与对策.     

滨海平原河网浅水动力分区特性研究

以浙江省姚西北地区平原河网为例,简化感潮河段闸门控制运行的数学模型,研究挡潮闸运行期间闸上游河道水面线的扰动规律.据此,对河网进行水动力分区,确定各区洪水水力特性.应用HEC-RAS软件进行数值计算,结果表明,该结论合理、可靠,可为姚西北平原河网水动力分析和防洪调度提供理论和技术支持.     

生物有机肥对盐渍土壤水盐动态及番茄产量的影响

为探讨生物有机肥对不同类型盐渍土壤(设施次生盐渍土、滨海盐渍土)水盐动态和作物产量的影响,采用盆栽试验方法研究不同施肥(不施肥、化肥、生物有机肥、生物有机肥+化肥(比例为1∶1))处理对盐渍土土壤含水率、电导率、盐分离子组成变化和番茄产量、水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:(a)单施生物有机肥处理和生物有机肥+化肥处理均可以提高土壤含水率;(b)单施生物有机肥处理的土壤电导率最低,其次为生物有机肥+化肥处理;(c)对于设施次生盐渍土,与化肥处理相比,单施生物有机肥处理和生物有机肥+化肥处理的土壤盐分离子总量分别降低了23.63%和15.60%;(d)对于滨海盐渍土,与化肥处理相比,单施生物有机肥处理和生物有机肥+化肥处理的土壤盐分离子总量分别降低了22.34%和10.32%;(e)番茄收获后,设施次生盐渍土各处理的NO_3~-和SO_4~(2-)在土壤盐分中的占比降低,滨海盐渍土各处理的Na~+、K~+和Cl~-占比降低;(f)单施生物有机肥处理最有利于土壤微生物的增加,其次是生物有机肥+化肥处理;设施次生盐渍土中生物有机肥+化肥处理的番茄产量最高,比单施生物有机肥处理增产165.5%;(g)施用生物有机肥可以提高设施次生盐渍土的作物产量和灌溉水利用效率,而单施化肥则可能会造成作物绝产;(h)施用化肥虽然提高滨海盐渍土的作物产量,但施用生物有机肥处理的灌溉水利用效率相对较高。