HTK参数对普米语孤立词识别率的影响

普米语是一种无文字的少数民族语言,目前已处于濒危状态,建立语音语料库及开展语音识别研究是保护和传承普米语的重要手段.基于HTK的语音识别中,参数的选取对不同语言的识别率有很大的影响.针对MFCC维数、HMM状态数及GMM个数这3个参数对普米语的识别率进行研究,结果表明:普米语语音识别的最佳MFCC维数为13维,最佳HMM状态数为8个,最佳GMM个数为3个.     

Semi‐Structural Forecasting of UK Inflation Based on the Hybrid New Keynesian Phillips Curve

We develop a semi‐structural model for forecasting inflation in the UK in which the New Keynesian Phillips curve (NKPC) is augmented with a time series model for marginal cost. By combining structural and time series elements we hope to reap the benefits of both approaches, namely the relatively better forecasting performance of time series models in the short run and a theory‐consistent economic interpretation of the forecast coming from the structural model. In our model we consider the hybrid version of the NKPC and use an open‐economy measure of marginal cost. The results suggest that our semi‐structural model performs better than a random‐walk forecast and most of the competing models (conventional time series models and strictly structural models) only in the short run (one quarter ahead) but it is outperformed by some of the competing models at medium and long forecast horizons (four and eight quarters ahead). In addition, the open‐economy specification of our semi‐structural model delivers more accurate forecasts than its closed‐economy alternative at all horizons. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种模糊高斯混合说话人识别模型

为了研究模糊聚类算法在高斯混合模型（GMM）参数获取方面的应用,采用模糊C均值算法（FCM）进行语音特征矢量的聚类,并结合Tabu搜索算法得到全局最优的聚类结果,进一步用EM算法得到GMM模型参数.使用TIMIT数据库中的语音进行测试,开集和闭集说话人辨认实验都表明,该方法获取的GMM参数比普通EM算法获得的GMM模型参数性能更优,能有效降低说话人辨认系统的误识率.     

Semantic image annotation based on GMM and random walk model

Automatic image annotation has been an active topic of research in computer vision and patternrecognition for decades.A two stage automatic image annotation method based on Gaussian mixturemodel (GMM) and random walk model (abbreviated as GMM-RW) is presented.To start with,GMM fitted by the rival penalized expectation maximization (RPEM) algorithm is employed to estimatethe posterior probabilities of each annotation keyword.Subsequently, a random walk processover the constructed label similarity graph is implemented to further mine the potential correlations ofthe candidate annotations so as to capture the refining results, which plays a crucial role in semanticbased image retrieval.The contributions exhibited in this work are multifold.First, GMM is exploitedto capture the initial semantic annotations, especially the RPEM algorithm is utilized to train themodel that can determine the number of components in GMM automatically.Second, a label similaritygraph is constructed by a weighted linear combination of label similarity and visual similarity ofimages associated with the corresponding labels, which is able to avoid the phenomena of polysemyand synonym efficiently during the image annotation process.Third, the random walk is implementedover the constructed label graph to further refine the candidate set of annotations generated byGMM.Conducted experiments on the standard Corel5k demonstrate that GMM-RW is significantlymore effective than several state-of-the-arts regarding their effectiveness and efficiency in the task of automatic image annotation.     

外商直接投资趋势研究——基于灰色马尔可夫预测模型与时间序列模型的对比

外商直接投资是影响中国经济发展的重要因素,而未来外商直接投资的预测是其发展和决策的基础.文章在阐述外商直接投资对中国经济发展的作用以及对未来中国利用外资水平预测的必要性的基础上,选取2000-2013年度中国利用外商直接投资(FDI)的数据,通过建立灰色马尔可夫(GMM)和时间序列模型,对中国利用FDI的趋势进行预测,并对预测结果精度进行比较,以得出较优的预测模型.研究结果表明:传统灰色模型合格,但仍有可提升的空间;在此基础上,建立GMM预测模型对结果进行修正,所得模型的灰色关联度有很大提升,且与真实值差距进一步缩小;建立时间序列模型,并据此对数据进行预测;比较GMM与时间序列模型预测结果的精度,可知,GMM的预测精度较高,拟合效果较好.为验证这一结果的可信度,文章选取1990-2013年度北京市和重庆市FDI水平的数据,建立GMM和时间序列预测模型,再次发现GMM预测效果优于时间序列模型的预测效果.基于此,GMM对中国利用外资水平的预测结果较为可信,预测结果对完善中国直接利用外商投资的机制具有一定参考价值.     

预测自适应Gauss混合模型线谱频率的量化

为了实现高质量低速率的语音编码,提出了高效线性预测Gauss混合模型(Gaussian mixture model,GMM)线谱频率参数量化算法(LP-GMM-LSFQA)。线谱频率(linear spectral frequency,LSF)参数先去均值,经过一阶线性预测,得到残差信号,将残差用协方差矩阵为对角阵GMM量化算法进行量化。在此基础上,利用反量化后参数自适应更新GMM的加权系数和均值,进一步提出了预测自适应GMM-LSF量化算法(LP-AGMM-LSFQA)。实验表明:LP-GMM-LSFQA在20 b/帧时量化性能超过预测分裂矢量量化22 b/帧时的量化性能,节约2b/帧;LP-AGMM-LSFQA量化性能优于LP-GMM-LSFQA。     

带有测量噪声的Ⅱ型T-S模糊建模

实际工业生产过程中,系统的数据带有测量噪声.Ⅱ型模糊集的二阶隶属度用来表征一阶隶属度的模糊度,这种模糊度的增加意味着处理不确定信息能力增加.因此,提出了一种基于Ⅱ型模糊集的T-S模糊建模方法来减少由噪声带来不确定信息的影响.首先采用改进的最小邻域算法对带有测量噪声的数据进行聚类,继而确定Ⅱ型模糊集的一阶隶属度,接着根据数据的聚类信息采用高斯混和模型得到二阶隶属度值,然后用正交最小二乘算法确定模糊模型的后件参数,最后通过仿真实验来验证该方法的有效性.     

超磁致伸缩驱动微泵的磁场优化分析与实验验证

为使超磁致伸缩驱动微泵中超磁致伸缩材料(GMM)棒获得最佳的磁致伸缩性能,在ANSYS Maxwell软件中建立双线圈式驱动磁场、外线圈内永磁体式驱动磁场、内线圈外永磁体式驱动磁场模型,进行仿真分析,得到三种情况下微泵轴线上平均磁场强度和磁场均匀度,并通过试验验证优选结构的磁场强度和均匀度。结果表明:外线圈长度L_(q1)=104 mm,厚度d_(q1)=12.5 mm;内线圈长度L_(q2)=104 mm,厚度d_(q2)=12.5 mm的双线圈式驱动磁场相对于外线圈内永磁体式和内线圈外永磁体式平均磁场强度提高了117%和8.6%,磁场均匀度下降4%。试验结果与仿真结果基本吻合,验证了仿真模型的正确性。     

基于数据场联合决策图改进的GMM聚类

针对传统聚类方法在处理复杂电磁环境下的雷达信号时存在的聚类质量低、参数需要人为设置、易受孤立噪声脉冲干扰等问题, 提出一种基于数据场联合决策图改进的高斯混合模型(Gaussian mixture model, GMM)聚类算法。将数据场理论应用于数据对象密集程度的表征, 生成势能距离决策图, 进而自动实现聚类数目和中心点的选择, 最后结合GMM聚类实现对数据对象的聚类划分。仿真实验结果表明, 在脉冲到达角、脉宽、载频等参数存在较大抖动, 测量误差以及存在孤立噪声脉冲干扰和脉冲丢失时, 本文方法相较于现有典型分类方法具有更好的分选效果。     

利用GMM逼近的协整分析推广

将Quintos研究的一类向量误差校整模型，推广到其协整向量满足某种线性限制的情形，并讨论协整向量的收敛性和极限分布，得到了相应的结论。