Contourlet域的灰度水印技术研究

为了提高水印算法的鲁棒性和安全性,提出一种基于Contourlet域的双重置乱灰度图像水印算法.首先对灰度水印图像进行Arnold变换和Baker映射双重置乱处理,提高水印安全性；然后将宿主图像进行Contourlet分解为一系列多尺度、局部化、方向性的子带图像,最后选择Contourlet低频系数嵌入水印,并采用明提取的方法获取水印.实验结果表明,该算法能有效的抵抗JPEG压缩、噪声、剪裁等攻击,具有较好的不可见性和更强的稳健性.     

基于变分的图像分割算法

提出了一种新的基于变分的图像分割算法. 该算法以图像的边缘点为插值点，通过极小化一个能量函数产生光滑的阈值曲面，进而实现图像分割. 为了使所产生的阈值曲面保有原图像的边缘信息，同时又不过度锐化图像的边缘，采用非凸的能量函数，并通过引入二元能量函数，提出一种全局收敛的松弛算法，将一个非凸优化问题转化为一系列本质上的凸优化问题，从而克服了采用传统的梯度下降法会出现收敛速度较慢、甚至不收敛的困难. 实验结果验证了算法的有效性. 此外还初步探讨了相应优化问题求解过程中的参数确定问题.     

基于粒子群寻优机制的图像分割方法

利用粒子群优化（eso）算法全局寻优、快速收敛的特点，结合模糊C-均值（FCM）图像分割算法提出一种新算法，用PSO算法代替了FCM算法的基于梯度下降的迭代过程，使算法具有很强的全局搜索能力，很大程度上避免了FCM算法易陷入局部极小的缺陷；同时也降低了FCM算法对初始值的敏感度。实验结果表明，与FCM相比该算法聚类更准确，效率更高，具有较高的分割速度和良好的抑制噪声的能力。     

卡通—纹理字典学习的图像分解方法

结合变分方法与字典学习,提出一个新的图像分解变分模型和由扩散流引导的字典学习算法.实验结果表明,和已有图像分解方法相比,新算法自适应性强,不仅可以更好地将图像的卡通和纹理分开,而且能有效地将纹理中的噪声去除.     

IMHE CIPS-结构裂缝识别与处理系统

在结构试验和现役结构观测中,裂缝的出现和发展状况是判别试件和结构性能和承载力变化的一个重要依据和技术手段。随着计算机硬件设备成本大幅度降低以及在军事、商业、工业、医学等领域的广泛应用,数字图像处理技术发展迅速。本文介绍了新研制开发的一种裂缝识别和处理系统IMHE CIPS,IMHE CIPS系统主要采用二值图像形态学处理算法———开算法,通过数字图像处理运算,将彩色裂缝图片转换成不含噪声的二值化裂缝区域图,并且通过骨化处理形成骨化裂缝二值图,计算出裂缝的长度和裂缝的面积,其裂缝分辨率可达到0.1mm。最后,本文结合工程实例,详细说明了该系统识别裂缝和进行相关计算的方法。     

一种基于改进 Surendra背景更新算法的运动目标检测

建立背景模型时,采用动态阈值的方法,以减少噪声和光照强度变化等外界环境的影响;在运动目标检测中,针对传统方法检测到的运动目标偏大的问题,提出一种改进的三帧差分检测方法.在形态学处理过程中,采用自适应方法选择结构元素的大小,对二值图像进行去噪处理,以得到平滑图像.实验证明,改进后的方法与传统背景模型建立方法相比,能更准确地检测到运动目标区域,并实时更新背景模型     

基于脉冲耦合神经网络的椒盐噪声图像滤波

通过对脉冲耦合神经网络(PCNN)工作机理的分析, 指出由其神经元的阈值衰减特性和网络局部链接特性所带来的神经元的点火捕获特性本身就具有很好的对椒盐噪声污染图像的噪声定位作用, 并基于此提出了一种对图像噪声进行定位、仅对噪声像素进行类中值滤波的思想, 实现了图像的强自适应滤波, 并针对随机椒盐噪声和极端椒盐噪声两种不同的噪声情况, 分别给出了相应的滤波器. 经该方法滤波的图像有无任何畸变(对非噪声像素)、模糊小(对噪声像素)的特点, 较传统的基于窗函数滤波的方法(如中值滤波法)有明显的优越性, 实验及与其他方法的比较验证了其良好的滤波性能.     

基于Markov随机场和FRAME模型的无监督图像分割

提出了一种多纹理图像的无监督分割方法. 此方法应用两层的随机场模型对需要分割的图像进行建模. 第一层用Markov随机场(MRF)模型表示一个不可观测的区域图像, 第二层用“滤波器, 随机场和最大熵(FRAME)”模型表示覆盖每一个区域的纹理图像, 与传统的分层Markov随机场(HMRF)模型相比较, FRAME模型可以取较大的邻域系, 从而对更加复杂的图案式样进行建模. 根据Bayes定理, 分割问题被转化成一个最大后验(MAP)估计问题. 迭代条件模型(ICM)算法用来求解最大后验估计. 提出一个基于局部熵率的算法来简化MRF参数的估计, FRAME模型的参数用最大期望(EM)算法估计. 最后, 使用一些合成的和真实的图像分别来做实验, 实验结果表明该方法能有效地分割含有复杂纹理的图像, 并且对噪声有一定的鲁棒性.     

Harris Laplace特征区域 Contourlet域遥感图像水印算法

针对现有遥感图像水印算法抵抗旋转、剪切、水平镜像及联合几何攻击能力差的问题,提出一种局部化遥感图像数字水印新方法.算法首先对水印图像进行 Arnold置乱预处理,并将其行扫描形成一维向量作为待嵌入的水印信息;在宿主遥感图像中提取 Harris Laplace特征点,依据特征点确定水印嵌入特征区域;规范所选特征区域,对其进行归一化后实施 Contourlet变换,利用奇偶量化方法将数字水印嵌入选定的变换系数内.实验证明算法对滤波、噪声、JEPG压缩等常规信号处理具备较好鲁棒性,并且能够更好地抵抗旋转、缩放、平移及其联合等几何攻击     

融合块结构的等周算法及其在CT图像分割中的应用

等周分割是一种基于图谱理论的分割算法,能有效提高图像分割质量且有较高的效率及稳定性.本文提出了一种融合块结构的等周分割算法.该算法采用块结构来减少图中节点数.并根据CT图像特征,将该算法应用到CT图像分割中.实验结果表明,融合块结构的等周分割算法在CT图像分割中取得较好的分割效果,并大大提高了分割效率.     

Implications of toxins in the ecology and evolution of plant pathogenic microorganisms: Bacteria

This review attempts to rationalise what is known about bacterial phytotoxins and associate it with the ecology and possible evolution of the producing organisms. Study of non-toxin producing variants gives insight into the ecological role of the toxin. Elucidation of chemical structures of phytotoxins has shown that many exist as families of analogous compounds. Studies on the variation of chemical structures and how they are distributed across species and genera can lead to development of hypotheses on evolutionary relationships. Knowledge on biosynthetic pathways to tosins allows recognition of specific enzymatic steps involved in developing the characteristic features of the structures. Phytotoxins often have a potent biochemical activity, and in some cases the producing organism has associated mechanisms to prevent action of the toxin upon itself; in such cases toxigenesis is clearly not a chance event. The various aspects of bacterial toxigenesis indicate that bacterial phytotoxins are special secondary metabolic products that play beneficial roles to the producing organisms in their various ecological niches.     

Inherent properties and statistics with individual particles in quantum mechanics

This paper puts forward the hypothesis that the distinctive features of quantum statistics are exclusively determined by the nature of the properties it describes. In particular, all statistically relevant properties of identical quantum particles in many-particle systems are conjectured to be irreducible, ‘inherent’ properties only belonging to the whole system. This allows one to explain quantum statistics without endorsing the ‘Received View’ that particles are non-individuals, or postulating that quantum systems obey peculiar probability distributions, or assuming that there are primitive restrictions on the range of states accessible to such systems. With this, the need for an unambiguously metaphysical explanation of certain physical facts is acknowledged and satisfied.     

Instar-specific defensive secretions of stink bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)

Defensive secretions (allomones) from first-instar nymphs of stink bugs in the subfamily Pentatominae contain (E)-4-oxo-2-decenal as a major constituent, whereas this compound is absent from later instars. In contrast, first instars ofEdessa meditabunda (Edessinae) produce allomones like those of later instars. The C₆ and C₈ (E)-4-oxo-2-alkenals are common, characteristic exocrine compounds of nymphal and adult Heteroptera, but (E)-4-oxo-2-decenal is previously unknown as a major natural product for which a biological role has yet to be established.     

Spasmin-like proteins in various ciliates revealed by antibody to purified spasmins ofCarchesium polypinum

Summary It was found that some ciliates,Stentor, Spirostomum andBlepharisma, which can contract rapidly like the stalks of Vorticellidae, have Ca²⁺-binding proteins that are very similar to spasmins, in the immunological sense. The presence of spasmins in other Protozoa and in some Metazoa was also investigated.     

Partial sequence of the gene for a serine protease from a halophilic archaeumhaloferax mediterranei R4, and nucleotide sequences of 16S rRNA encoding genes from several halophilic archaea

A part of the gene coding for a halophilic serine protease from a halophilic archaeumHaloferax mediterranei R4 was amplified by PCR and its 672 nucleotide sequence was determined. Tentative translation to the amino acid sequence suggested that the enzyme was quite similar to halolysin produced by another halophilic archaeum strain 172P1. Nucleotide sequences of 16S rRNA encoding genes from 9 halophilic archaea were determined. Alignment of 19 sequences known so far showed that there are more than 20 positions carrying bases or deletions specific for each halobacterial genus:Halobacterium, Haloarcula, Haloferax, andHalococcus.     

Anthelmintic activity of a benzimidazoline compound in sheep by abomasal infusion

Summary In vitro and in vivo data on the benzimidazoline compound indicate anthelmintic potential when introduced directly into the abomasum.     

Cognition wars

In what kinds of physical systems can cognition be realized? There are currently competing answers among scientists and theorists of cognition. There are many plant scientists who maintain that cognition can be realized in plants. There are biological scientists who maintain that cognition is materially realized in bacteria. In this paper, I will present the basis for such claims and evaluate them and discuss the future for theories of the metaphysical basis of cognition in the cognitive sciences.     

Ecological and evolutionary dynamics of fig communities

Summary I review the status of five topics in fig research: pollen-vector versus seed production, flowering phenology and wasp population dynamics, monoecy versus dioecy, parasite pressure, and fig wasp behavior. I raise several new questions based on recent research on two components of fig reproduction: pollen-donation (male) and seed-production (female) success. I focus on how these two components of reproductive success depend on the flowering phenology of the figs and the population dynamics of the pollinator wasps.     

Mating attempts between the Scarlet Tiger Moth,Callimorpha dominula L., and the Cinnabar Moth,Tyria jacobaeae L. (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae), involve a common sex pheromone composition

It has been suggested that a common sex pheromone composition may account for interspecific sexual interactions observed with certain moths in the Arctiidae. In this study, it is demonstrated that the sex pheromones released by females of the Scarlet Tiger Moth,Callimorpha dominula L., and the Cinnabar Moth,Tyria jacobaeae L., have similar activities and elute at the same retention time on analysis by coupled gas chromatography (GC)-electrophysiology with males from each species. Peak enhancement on GC, chiral GC and coupled GC-mass spectrometry using authentic compounds show that the sex pheromone for bothC. dominula andT. jacobaeae is (3Z,6Z,9S,10R)-9,10-epoxyheneicosa-3,6-diene.     

Phenology of fruit and leaf production by ‘strangler’ figs on Barro Colorado Island,Panamá

Summary Fruit and leaf initiation by 26 trees representing five stranglerFicus species in the subgenusUrostigma were monitored for 5–8 years in a seasonal lowland forest of central Panamá. Individual trees of each species initiated fruit in synchronized crops. High variation in the number of crops, intervals between crops and dates of crop initiation indicate that these species, like species in the subgenusPharmacosycea, initiate fruit crops the year around. Nevertheless, mean crop initiation dates for four of five species fell within the four-month dry season. Similarly, all species produced new leaf flushes throughout the year, however, mean leaf flush dates of all species fell within the first three months of the dry season.