基于自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波的分布式驱动电动汽车车辆状态参数估计

以精确估计车辆状态参数为目标,提出了一种基于自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波的车辆状态参数估计算法,采用非线性三自由度车辆模型,将模糊控制与无迹卡尔曼滤波算法相结合,实现对系统测量噪声的自适应调整,通过对方向盘转角,纵向加速度和横向加速度等低成本传感器信息融合实现对质心侧偏角和横摆角速度的状态估计.应用CarSim与Matlab/Simulink建立分布式驱动电动汽车整车模型并且联合仿真对估计算法的有效性进行验证.结果表明自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波比无迹卡尔曼滤波更能有效准确地进行车辆状态参数估计,在双移线工况中,质心侧偏角估计精度提高了6.7%,横摆角速度估计精度提高了4.8%.      

四轮毂驱动EV双容积卡尔曼路面附着系数估计

针对车辆在行驶过程中难以实时、准确地获取路面附着系数这一问题,本研究在结合车辆三自由度动力学模型和Dugoff修正轮胎力模型所搭建的四毂驱动联合仿真电动汽车平台基础上,设计了一种时效性、鲁棒性强的双容积卡尔曼滤波路面附着系数观测算法。双容积卡尔曼滤波算法利用奇异值分解优化求解误差协方差矩阵,将车辆行驶状态观测器信息与附着系数观测器信息相互联系,形成闭环反馈校正更新观测信号,实现对路面附着系数的实时估计。在四轮毂驱动联合仿真电动汽车平台中设置低附着路面,在开路面仿真工况下对双容积卡尔曼滤波算法进行验证,并与传统容积卡尔曼滤波观测器数据进行比较和分析。结果表明:双容积卡尔曼滤波算法具有更快的的响应速度,估计的路面附着系数精度更高,实时性更强。     

车辆纵向力和质心侧偏角层级估计方法设计与验证

为提高车辆状态估计结果的精度与可靠性,设计了一种车辆纵向力和质心侧偏角层级估计方法。研究了一种用于车辆行驶状态估计的加权容积卡尔曼滤波,采用移动窗估计法调整测量噪声的协方差矩阵,根据不同时刻信息对测量噪声统计的有用性,动态调整窗口中不同时刻信息的权重,从而提高车辆状态观测器的滤波精度。根据电驱动轮模型特点,并考虑轮胎松弛长度来构造纵向力微分方程,从而设计了纵向力观测器。在纵向力估计的基础上,将上层的纵向力估计值视为伪量测值,利用三自由度车辆动力学模型设计了基于级联卡尔曼滤波的车辆行驶状态估计策略,实现了车辆质心侧偏角估计。进行了变速正弦转向工况和定速Fishhook转向工况下的CarSim/Simulink联合仿真试验以及实车试验,结果表明:所提方法整体估计精度相比扩展卡尔曼滤波提升了6.82%,具有较高的估计精度和实时跟踪效果,满足车辆应用需求。     

基于激光三维成像数据的车辆目标方位估计

对目标方位进行精确估计是提高目标匹配识别效率的重要前提,而车辆目标的地面投影轮廓近似于矩形,为此提出了基于激光三维成像数据的车辆目标方位估计方法.首先依据激光成像数据的高程值对数据进行分类,从激光成像区域的三维数据中提取出车辆目标数据进而获取目标的投影轮廓数据,然后采用向量积异号排除法求解车辆目标投影轮廓数据的凸边界,在此基础上采用直接求解凸边界最小外接矩形的方法对车辆目标的方位进行初步估计,最后利用与目标投影轮廓数据邻近的地面数据,并依据最小二乘原理拟合优化凸边界的最小外接矩形,校正车辆目标初始估计方位,从而实现车辆目标方位的精确估计.仿真结果表明,该方法可实现车辆目标方位的快速准确估计.     

一种移动机器人跟踪机动目标的方法

针对机器人跟踪机动目标,提出了一种完整探测、估计的方法.利用单目视觉定位被跟踪目标的方位,再融合激光数据来获取目标的空间位置.基于"当前"统计模型,将获取到空间位置作为观测信息,采用自适应卡尔曼滤波算法,对机动目标进行跟踪,并准确预测其位置、速度及加速度信息.为验证本方案,使用一个Pioneer 3-AT作为主动机器人,及一个AmigoBot机器人作为被跟踪目标进行实验.结果显示,提议的方案可行,其精度满足实际应用的要求.     

基于多信息数据融合滤波的坡度识别算法

为了对大坡度、大坡度变化率路面的坡度值进行准确快速识别,提出一种基于多信息数据融合滤波的坡度识别算法.分析了目前不同坡度识别算法的优劣,分别建立了基于动力学、考虑坡度变化率的加速度传感信息坡度识别模型、基于GPS的坡度识别模型.应用交互多模型卡尔曼滤波算法(I MM-KF),将3种坡度识别模型进行联合滤波估计,在不同运行工况下自适应调节坡度识别模型的参与比例.以轮毂电动机车辆的多传感信息为载体,构建了dSPACE试验平台并完成试验.结果表明:在定坡度变化率、连续变化坡度、驻坡等工况下,所提出的算法的坡度识别结果出现小幅震荡后能够快速准确跟随实际值,提高了车辆坡道识别的精度和鲁棒性.     

分布式电动汽车质量与行驶状态估计

为了更精确地获取分布式电动汽车行驶过程中的关键参数及相关状态信息,本文提出了一种递推最小二乘法与双容积卡尔曼滤波算法相结合的估计方法,并基于三自由度非线性整车动力学模型,借助Carsim-MATLAB/Simulink平台进行了联合仿真与实验分析,结果表明,该算法能实时准确地估计车辆参数与行驶状态,满足车辆主动安全控制需要。     

弯道下商用车AEB的系统算法

仅以毫米波雷达获取前方环境信息的商用车AEB系统在弯道下易存在误动作,为解决此问题,对目标车辆进行位置补偿,判断其是否与自车在同一车道,从而完成对旁车道干扰车辆信息的滤除.基于制动过程与危险系数w_f设计多级预警与自主制动控制策略,以AEB各阶段介入时的碰撞时距值作为评价指标,验证能否实现危险情况下的有效避撞.仿真结果表明:弯道补偿算法能够区分旁车道与自车道目标车辆,有效避免对旁车道车辆的误制动,多级预警与自主制动控制策略符合期望指标,能对本车道危险车辆有效预警与制动,提高了弯道下汽车的主动安全性.     

基于多新息卡尔曼滤波算法的锂电池SOC估计

针对锂离子电池荷电状态(SOC)较难准确获取的问题,依据锂电池等效电路模型,建立起各参数与SOC的联系,利用脉冲放电的数据对模型进行参数辨识.通过Mat-lab/Simulink验证了模型的正确性和精确性.将扩展卡尔曼滤波算法(EKF)融合多新息理论,建立了多新息扩展卡尔曼滤波算法(MIEKF)估计电池SOC的方法,该方法通过对旧信息的重复使用提高了EKF的估计精度.在美国城市道路循环工况(UDDS)下分别采用EKF和MIEKF算法来估计锂电池SOC,两者估计的最大误差分别为0.0176、0.0087.实验数据表明MIEKF算法估计电池SOC更准确.     

交互式多模型卡尔曼滤波的车辆悬架系统状态估计

针对车辆悬架状态无法准确估计的问题,设计了自适应交互式多模型卡尔曼滤波(IMMKF)状态观测器.首先,建立了标准路面激励模型与四分之一线性化悬架模型;然后,利用递归最小二乘方法与IMMKF理论,设计了不同工况下广义悬架模型自适应IMMKF状态观测器;最后,分析了在标准C级路面激励工况下簧载质量变化对悬架系统状态估计的影响.仿真与台架试验结果表明,在簧载质量变化工况下,所设计的自适应IMMKF状态观测器与传统卡尔曼滤波状态观测器相比其估计精度至少可以提高20%.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.