高酸值原油中石油酸的分离和回收的研究

采用复合溶剂直接对高酸值原油中的环烷酸进行抽提,经优选表明：溶剂组分A的质量分数为5%,组分B为8%,组分C为40%,组分D为0.8%;抽提的最佳剂油质量比0.15。经复合溶剂抽提,脱除率可以达到80%以上,环烷酸的粗酸值符合工业2^#酸的标准。     

复合溶剂萃取法用于直馏柴油脱酸的研究

本文在[5]的基础上,进一步开发出复合溶剂萃取法用于直馏柴油脱酸和回收环烷酸的工艺流程。研究表明,该工艺的环烷酸脱除率达97%以上,精制后柴油质量满足GB252-77质量标准;复合溶剂经蒸馏回收可循环使用,同时得到了环烷酸副产品;该工艺不产生三废,有利于环境保护,克服了柴油碱电精制和硫酸中和法回收环烷酸的缺点。     

柴油脱酸溶剂回收用聚酰亚胺纳滤膜的制备和分离性能

针对醇氨法脱除柴油中环烷酸技术存在的溶剂回收过程能耗大的问题,制备出聚酰亚胺纳滤膜以分离环烷酸和溶剂,考察了铸膜液表观黏度、铸膜液挥发时间、凝固浴组成等膜制备工艺对膜通量和截留率的影响,同时考察了抽提液中环烷酸盐质量分数和操作压力等使用条件对膜分离性能的影响规律.结果表明:所得纳滤膜的通量超过17 L·m-2·h-1,截留率超过50%;使用黏度为310 mPa·s的铸膜液、在60 s铸膜液挥发时间、使用纯乙醇为凝固浴可得到综合性能最佳的纳滤膜;提高抽提液中环烷酸盐质量分数,膜通量下降,但对截留率基本无影响;升高操作压力,膜通量和截留率均增大.     

溶剂萃取法脱除银杏酸工艺研究

通过溶剂萃取法脱除银杏叶提取物中的有害成分银杏酸,以银杏黄酮、银杏内酯和银杏酸的分配比为指标,考察了水相pH值、乙醇体积分数、有机相等对分配比的影响,优化了溶剂萃取法脱除银杏酸的工艺参数。结果表明,以pH值2.0、体积分数40%的乙醇为下相,正己烷为上相时,可有效脱除银杏叶提取物中的银杏酸,并且最大限度保留银杏黄酮和银杏内酯等活性成分。     

催化裂化柴油复合溶剂萃取精制工艺研究

选取四类不同的复合溶剂，依据萃取理论，运用正交设计方法，针对咸阳助剂厂生产的催化裂化柴油进行了精制工艺研究。试验结果表明，催化裂化柴油经优选的复合溶剂精制后，柴油收率达９５％，且可脱除约７１．７％的总氨、７３．７％的非碱性氦、４６．９％的硫醇和５４．１％总硫。精制后的催化裂化柴油进行加速储存后色度为１３＃，达到一级柴油标准的要求，稳定性提高，溶剂可以回收循环使用。     

植物油精炼废白土再生技术的实验研究

植物油精制过程产生大量含油废白土,如果不能有效处理会对环境造成污染,同时也造成资源浪费。采用溶剂抽提法对植物油精炼废白土进行再生研究,选用石油醚(90~120℃)为非极性抽提溶剂,95%乙醇为极性抽提溶剂,首先用石油醚(90~120℃)对废白土进行抽提,得到废白土中的理想组分,然后用石油醚(90~120℃)和95%乙醇的混合溶剂对废白土进行抽提,得到废白土中的非理想组分。确定了废白土再生的最佳工艺条件:溶剂用量为100 m L溶剂/100 g废白土,石油醚和乙醇的体积比为4∶1,抽提温度50℃,抽提时间30~40 min,抽提次数以3~4次为宜。在上述条件下,废白土中总油分得率达到28%以上,再生白土比表面积达到150 m~2·g~(-1),再生白土的脱色率、活性度、游离酸、粒度、水分等质量指标基本符合要求,吸附性能得到恢复。     

蛋黄卵磷脂的提取方法研究

用溶剂法提取蛋黄卵磷脂,用定磷法检测所得产品的含磷量,并以此作为产品质量的评价标准;研究了乙醇浓度、抽提次数、萃取温度及金属沉淀剂对实验结果的影响,得出最佳实验条件为,用95％的乙醇抽提4次,萃取温度为25℃,以ZnCl2作为金属沉淀剂．     

用H2O2—有机酸氧化脱除催化裂化柴油中的硫化物

用30％H2O2－HCOOH对催化裂化柴油中的含硫化合物（主要为苯并噻吩米）进行了氧化,然后用溶剂萃取法脱除柴油中的硫化物的氧化产物,所用萃取包括N－甲基吡咯烷酮,N,N－二甲基甲酰胺,二甲亚砜,乙腈,硝基甲烷,其中,N,N－二甲基甲酰胺和二甲亚砚效果最好,在剂油（体积）比为1：2,溶剂含水量为5％及萃取时间为10min的条件下,柴油总硫含量从0．8％降至0．3％,柴油收率为70％－80％,对未处理柴油,氧化柴油及氧化－萃取柴油进行了GC／FPD分析,发现催化裂化柴油中苯并噻吩的脱除率为60％,GC／MS分析表明,氧化产物主要为以1,1－二氧苯噻吩类为主的砜类,共鉴定出了23种砜类。     

催化裂化柴油复合溶剂萃取精制工艺研究

选取四类不同的复合溶剂,依据萃取理论,运用正交设计方法,针对咸阳助剂厂生产的催化裂化柴油进行了精制工艺研究．试验结果表明,催化裂化柴油经优选的复合溶剂精制后,柴油收率达９５％ ,且可脱除约７１．７％ 的总氮、７３．７％ 的非碱性氮、４６．９％ 的硫醇和５４．１％ 总硫．精制后的催化裂化柴油进行加速储存后色度为１３＃ ,达到一级柴油标准的要求,稳定性提高,溶剂可以回收循环使用．     

DCC轻油溶剂抽提工艺研究

在实验室中对DCC轻油进行了抽提工艺研究，结果表明：DMSO是较好的抽提溶剂，可将轻油中95%以上的芳烃抽出来，抽余油具有较高的十六烷指数，可直接做柴油组分，抽出芳烃中芳烃含量95%以上，且大部分为二、三环，可开发利用。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.