从煤系高岭岩中提取氧化铝

研究以煤系高岭岩为原料，经焙烧活化、预脱硅处理、碱石灰烧结提取氧化铝。着重考察了煤系高岭岩的焙烧活化、预脱硅处理等过程的工艺条件，比较了预脱硅处理后精矿的氧化铝提取率与煤系高岭岩直接采用碱石灰烧结的氧化铝提取率。研究得出：煤系高岭岩经1000℃、30min焙烧活化后，以15％NaOH溶液对其进行脱硅处理，选用适当的助剂，可在液固比为5ml／g、90℃、90min的条件下获得70％左右的脱硅率。使高岭岩的Al／Si由0．96提高到4．88，满足了碱石灰烧结法对原料Al／Si的要求。同样采用碱石灰烧结法提取氧化铝，在1150℃下烧结60min后，饱和生料的Al2O3提取率由煤系高岭岩的45％提高到精矿的89％。预脱硅处理将高岭岩的氧化铝提取率提高了近一倍。     

平果铝土矿机械活化溶出的研究

研究了机械活化反应器中，温度、溶出原液α＿Ｋ、溶出时间及液固比等因素对平果铝土矿溶出率的影响．在２２５℃，溶出原液α＿Ｋ３．２，Ｌ／Ｓ２．５，溶出２ｈ的条件下，Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３的溶出率达９６．６０％，比相同条件下的高压釜溶出率高１８％；动力学研究表明，在１３８～１７６℃，范围内，试验结果能很好地模拟动力学模型１－（１－Ｘ）￣（１／３）＝ｋ＿ａｔ，测得其表观活化能为７２．６４ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ，溶出过程属化学反应控制．研究结果表明，机械活化可明显改善一水硬铝石的溶出性能，强化其溶出过程，提高其溶出率。     

厌氧颗粒污泥流化床处理有机废水的运行特性

提出了厌氧颗粒污泥流化床工艺（简称ＡＧＳＦＢ）．在成功培养出颗粒污泥的基础上,以葡萄糖为基质,全面探讨了ＡＧＳＦＢ处理有机废水的运行效果、产气率、污泥表观产率系数及反应器的耐冲击性能等．结果表明,ＡＧＳＦＢ反应器具有很高的处理效率．水力停留时间ＨＲＴ为４９ｈ,进水化学需氧量ＣＯＤｃｒ＝３２４０ｇ／Ｌ,有机负荷为１５９ｋｇ／（ｍ３·ｄ）时,反应器的有机物去除率仍保持在７５６％以上．ＡＧＳＦＢ对温度降低、负荷提高、短期的低ｐＨ值和有机酸冲击均表现出良好的耐受能力     

碳还原锆英石分离SiO2和ZrO2

进行了配碳量，温度，时间和颗粒大小及试样形式对碳还原锆英石中ＳｉＯ２的实验研究，得到相应脱硅率的影响规律，理论上，脱硅率的极大值可达到９７．２２％，碳还原锆石的表现反应活化能，在１６００～２０００℃温度范围内为２８２．０４ｋｊ／ｍｏｌ。锆英石被碳还原的限制环节是锆英石的热分解，而不是它裂解成ＳｉＯ２之后再与碳的反应。     

微波加热与常规加热硅锰粉固相脱硅动力学比较

采用微波加热和常规加热对硅锰粉和巴西粉锰的脱硅反应进行了动力学行为研究,以巴西粉锰为脱硅剂,与硅锰粉中的硅发生氧化还原反应.微波加热和常规加热分别加热到不同温度并保温一定时间,测定产物中硅含量并计算固相脱硅反应的表观活化能.实验表明:单一和混合料均可在微波场中快速升温.随着温度的升高和保温时间的延长,两种加热方式脱硅率均随之提高,在相同实验条件下,微波加热的脱硅率和反应速率均高于常规加热,微波加热可以提高固相脱硅率;微波加热固相脱硅反应的限制性环节为扩散环节,其表观活化能为102.93 kJ·mol-1,常规加热脱硅反应的表观活化能为180 kJ·mol-1,说明微波加热能改善固相脱硅的动力学条件,提高固相脱硅反应速率,降低脱硅反应的活化能.     

甜瓜种苗克隆

以古拉巴、蜜翠、伊丽莎白,西莫洛托４个引进杂交种甜瓜和七宝甜瓜,小麦瓜,青皮绿肉、亭林雪瓜本地品种为材料,用其子叶为外植体进行培养,获得无性繁殖系,结果表明,杂交种的芽诱导率高于本地品种;在１４种激素配比组合中ＭＳ＋６－ＢＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＩＡＡ０．０５ｍｇ／Ｌ培养基丛生芽诱导率最高,达７２％－７６％;ＭＳ＋６－ＢＡ０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＩＡＡ０．０５ｍｇ／Ｌ培养基最利于芽伸长;生根培养基为ＭＳ＋ＩＡＡ０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ｎａａ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ,平均每粒种子可获得的８棵再生植株。     

含氢聚硅氧烷／丙烯酸丁酯复合乳液的研究：———影响乳液流变性及反？…

详细讨论了在一次加料法制备含聚硅氧烷（ＰＨＭＳ）／丙烯酸丁酯（ＢＡ）复合乳液中,单体、乳化剂、引发剂及反应温度对聚合反应速率、转化／率和乳液流变性能的影响。结果表明：ＰＨＭＳ／ＢＡ复合乳液的表观活化能和聚合速率方程分别为：Ｅａ＝１３２．７７ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ,Ｒｐ∞［ＰＨＭＳ］＾－１．３９［Ｉ］＾０．８５［Ｅ］＾０．７５（Ｉ为引发剂,Ｅ为乳化剂）。该乳液呈假塑性流体特征,随ＰＨＭＳ、功能单体Ｎ－羟甲基丙     

冷原子吸收与原子荧光法测定 As、Sb、Bi、Hg 的方法研究

样品经王水分解后，调制成１０％的ＨＣｌ介质。移至自制的Ｈｇ发生器中，加入ＳｎＯ２还原，以空气作载体，将Ｈｇ原子蒸气载入测Ｈｇ仪吸收管，冷原子吸收测Ｈｇ。便可实现一次溶矿与原子荧光连测样品中的微量Ａｓ、Ｓｂ、Ｂｉ、Ｈｇ。检出下限分别为：Ａｓ０．１８μｇ／ｇ；Ｓｂ０．０６７μｇ／ｇ；Ｂｉ０．０８７μｇ／ｇ；Ｈｇ０．０１１μｇ／ｇ。ＲＳＤ％分别为Ａｓ１１％；Ｓｂ６．３％Ｂｉ７．１％；Ｈｇ１．２％。     

杉木优树大量繁殖技术的研究

以１８年生杉木优树嫁接苗（一年生）为外植体进行离体培养,茎段的最高分化率为６９％,侧芽的最高分化率为４０％。以茎段为外植体,在改良的ＭＳ（氮元素减半）＋ＢＡＰ２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＩＢＡ１．０ｍｇ／Ｌ的培养基上,平均每个茎段可诱导不定芽３～４个。在继代培养中,以改良的ＧＤ培养基加高浓度的ＢＡＰ６．７ｍｇ／Ｌ,平均每个茎段可诱导不定芽１１～１３个,然后在ＭＳ培养基上生长;在继代培养中激素浓度一般由低到高,再由高到低的循环,可以明显提高繁殖率。在生根培养中,以ＭＳ培养基（氮元素减半）加ＩＢＡ１．５ｍｇ／Ｌ,根的诱导率在４４％。     

纯种根霉麸曲在清香型麸曲白酒中的应用

清香型麸曲白酒生产中的糖化酶菌种一般采用ＡＳ３．４３０９。用它生产的麸曲简称快曲。我们进行了对比试验。第一组用１０％快曲,第二组用４％纯根霉麸曲和６％快曲。酒精酵母和生香酵母的用量相同。每池投粮２０００ｋｇ,共试验６批。第二组与第一组相比,出酒率由４４．２０％提高到４５．３８％,提高了１．１８％。总酯由０．５４ｇ／Ｌ白酒提高到１．８ｇ／Ｌ白酒,提高约２．５倍,总酸由０．３５ｇ／１００ｍｌ白酒提高到０．６７ｇ／１００ｍｌ白酒,提高了９０％,经品评、加入根霉麸曲的白酒优于纯ＡＳ３．４３０９快曲的酒。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the