单Doppler雷达IVAP风场反演试验

单Doppler雷达风场反演技术对于扩大Doppler雷达在中尺度气象监测和预报中的应用范围具有重要的作用。通过采用"给定方位角内风场均匀假定"提出积分速度—方位处理技术IVAP(Integrating Velocity-azimuth Processing),克服了VAP技术在单多普勒雷达风场反演中对Doppler速度小尺度脉动过分敏感的缺点,及VAD(Velocity-azimuth Display,速度-方位显示)技术只能反演平均风矢量问题。利用2001-08-05上海特大暴雨时虹桥机场Doppler雷达速度资料进行中尺度风场反演试验。对均匀风方位角区间分别取9?,18?,45?和90?的反演结果的比较表明,采用较小的方位角区间可以反演出与这次暴雨有关的气旋式环流和中尺度辐合线。利用地面站实测风记录及风廓线数据对IVAP反演风的质量进行了评估。结果表明,反演风的风向和地面实测风的风向有很好的相关性,反演方位角区间越大,相关性越好。与20个时次同高度上风廓线仪探测的风速数据的对比表明,IVAP技术反演出的风速和它们也有很好的相关性,两者u、v分量均方误差在2m/s左右。由于IVAP技术风场反演无需事先对Doppler雷达原始的速度资料进行人为的滤波或平滑处理,所以具有较强的客观性,便于在气象雷达预报业务中应用。     

超高频雷达系统海面风向反演试验研究

将超高频雷达用于海面风向反演,基于正负一阶峰比值与风向的半经验关系提取风向,采用数字波束形成进行方位信息提取,并利用最小二乘多波束法解决风向模糊问题,雷达反演结果与浮标数据相关系数为0.85,均方根误差为25°,在小风速下,超高频雷达风向提取结果与浮标相关系数达0.9,误差为26°.试验结果表明利用超高频雷达监测海面风向具有可行性和有效性.     

多源探测资料在一次中尺度暴雨分析中的应用

利用常规观测资料、地面加密自动站资料、多普勒雷达和风廓线雷达等多源探测资料,对2018年4月24日漳州中南部一次中尺度暴雨的形成机制、环境条件和雷达资料特征等进行了分析。结果表明,此次过程是发生在500hPa短波槽过境,地面弱冷空气南下的大尺度环流背景下,地面中尺度辐合线是此次过程的重要触发和维持机制,多普勒雷达的逆风区可作为中尺度暴雨发展成熟的标志之一;风廓线的水平风资料可以反映出水平风场的演变,从而对降水强度、持续时间做出预报,垂直速度对降水的开始、加强和减弱时间段有很好的指示作用,同时也是对流发展强度的重要判据。     

机载GPS-R遥感海面风场实验

利用GPS导航卫星反射信号遥感海面风场是一种新的海洋遥感手段.对2009年在我国海南开展的机载飞行实验进行了介绍,为了验证该技术测风原理的正确性、反演算法的可行性和实际测风精度,利用飞行实验数据反演出了海面风速风向,并与同步获得的海洋站实测风场数据和卫星散射计风场数据进行了对比.统计表明,GPS-R反演风场与博鳌海洋站...     

对流层风廓线雷达资料质量分析

为了检验对流层风廓线雷达观测数据的准确性,利用2014年6-7月咸宁的对流层风廓线雷达和GPS移动探空资料,以GPS探空观测值为参考,对对流层风廓线雷达的观测质量进行对比分析,定义两者风向偏差在15°以内或风速偏差在3m/s以下的样本为有效样本,通过比较有效样本占总样本数的比值来判断风向和风速数据的质量。结果表明:降水量对风场影响不明显,风速和风向有效样本数的变化不同,比较时段内,风向数据的质量优于风速,降水提高了风向数据的质量;1~10km高度,风向数据的质量较好,而降水将提高该数据的质量;8km高度以下,风速数据的质量较好,降水对该数据的质量起反效果。总体来说,除近地层(1km以下)外,风速值越大,风向数据的质量越好,降水对高层风向数据的质量有正贡献。     

基于Sentinel-1A的长江口近岸风矢量场反演研究

选取长江口外近岸海域,以欧空局发射的Sentinel-1A为SAR图像数据源,利用多级小波变换和傅里叶变换获得高精度风向信息,再利用基于GMF的3种CMOD系列模型反演风速,最后将反演结果与同时相的ECMWF模式风场数据以及五组实测数据进行对比.结果表明,除个别包含复杂纹理特征的SAR子图像以外,SAR风场反演精度整体优于ECMWF模式风场.经过多级小波变换后的风向反演结果更优,均方根误差分别为31.6°,29.7°,23.5°.经过二级小波变换之后的整景SAR图像结合风向信息代入到CMOD系列模型中反演得到的风速精度最优,均方根误差控制在0.8 m/s.比较适合长江口外近海海域的是MOD-IFR2和CMOD4,均方根误差分别为1.08 m/s和1.05 m/s.     

基于便携式高频地波雷达风场的反演

针对天线口径小、便携式雷达系统具有很宽的波束,大大增加了远距离处海面风和浪参数反演难度的问题,导出了有效浪高与风速之间的经验关系,结合改进后的风向反演算法,即可实现海面风场的获取,而不需要任何先验信息实现远距离风速的反演.风场中同时包含了风速和风向信息,为了验证风场的可靠性,将多个浮标的数据与风场数据进行比对.结果表明:风速比对的相关系数均在0.85以上,均方根误差约为3 m/s;在限定风速大于5 m/s时,风向比对的均方根误差会低于20°.风速与风向的比对结果验证了风场的可靠性.     

基于数学期望的风向和风速对农田防护林网防风效能的影响

为研究农田防护林网在全年的时间尺度上对不同方向有害风的综合防护效能,在野外实地观测不同风向(与主林带夹角分别为90.0°,67.5°,45.0°,22.5°和0°)和风速(5.2和7.3m/s)条件下的林网内防风效能,根据各风向有害风发生频率计算数学期望值,利用克里金(Kriging)插值法进行模拟,并用地统计学的方法分析防护林网的空间自相关性.结果表明:防护林对不同风向的风均有较强的防护作用,随着风向与主林带夹角的减小,平均风速呈现出增大的趋势,防风效能分别达到69.5%,66.2%,60.4%,59.8%和50.1%;不同风速条件下防风效能均达到50%以上,低风速和高风速时平均有效防护面积分别为90.1%和44.0%;不同风速条件下林网内空间变异系数分别与指数模型和高斯模型相拟合,林带内风速块金值较低,变程较大,具有强烈的空间自相关性和样本区间的合理性.     

用香港风廓线雷达资料看中尺度数值模式MM5的模拟能力

利用1998年华南暴雨科学实验期间香港风廓线雷达的高时空分辨率资料考察了中尺度数值模式MM5对6月8日到9日香港特大暴雨个例的风场模拟结果。研究表明MM5模式输出的风廓线和风廓线雷达的观测结果有很好的相似性，进一步确认了利用模式输出研究中尺度对流系统结构和机理的合理性。     

风廓线雷达资料在淮河流域暴雪中的应用

利用2018年1月2-8日淮河流域一次典型暴雪过程的风廓线雷达资料,分析水平风速、风向、垂直动量、大气折射率结构常数等参数,对暴雪的高低空风场及环流微观结构进行研究.结果表明,风廓线雷达在暴雪发生前就能探测到2.7 km高度左右形成的东北-西南切变,以及低层偏东风增强的风场变化,当2 km高度内偏东风增大至约10 m/s时,暴雪发生;暴雪期间中低层风速减小、风向转换由顺时针逐渐变为逆时针,水平风垂直动量在风向切变区间内的强度较强、变化较大, 2 km内以上升运动为主;暴雪趋于结束时,雷达探测到低层转为偏西风,风速减小且伴随着中高层动量不断下传和加强.通过折射率结构常数和垂直风切变的分析,发现不同降雪阶段的湍流运动和能量分布存在差异.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.