黄土高原朝那剖面风尘堆积序列磁化率的古环境意义

黄土高原中部连续的风尘堆积黄土-红粘土序列,蕴含着东亚季风演化与高原隆升等重要的古气候与构造信息.结合已有的古地磁年代,根据磁化率的变化特征对黄土高原中部朝那黄土-红粘土剖面记录的古环境变化进行了划分,共划分I(8.1～5.6 MaBP)东亚季风的初显期、Ⅱ(5.6～4.8 MaBP)东亚夏季风开始增强期、Ⅲ(4.8～...     

龙门山甘溪土桥子组灰岩-泥灰岩韵律层地球化学特征研究

龙门山甘溪土桥子组发育多套灰岩-泥灰岩韵律层,其地球化学特征对其形成时的古环境、古气候具有重要的指示意义。在对土桥子组最大海泛面之上沉积的一套灰岩-泥灰岩韵律层进行野外详细描述与系统采样的基础上,对其中的37对74层灰岩-泥灰岩韵律层的常量、微量元素进行分析测试与研究。通过古氧相U/Th、古盐度Sr/Ba、古水深Mn O、古气候Sr/Cu等分析,认为该灰岩-泥灰岩韵律层形成于炎热气候下的贫氧海相高水位体系域沉积环境。古气候和差异成岩作用是灰岩-泥灰岩韵律层的主要成因,其中在较大的宏观尺度上古气候的韵律和波动控制着韵律层的古环境和地球化学特征,而在较小的微观尺度上差异成岩作用进一步控制和影响着韵律层地球化学特征的分异性和韵律性。     

神木邱家鄢最高阶地的年代及对中游黄河演化的指示

通过详细的野外调查,发现陕西神木邱家鄢地区存在一古河流阶地,根据该阶地上覆晚第三系红粘土推测该阶地为晚第三纪形成的。对该阶地上覆地层进行调查表明,该区晚第三纪红粘土之下存在约53米的风成砂层和河流相砂层。对红粘土和粉砂层进行古地磁测年样品的采集和测试。古地磁研究结果表明,该剖面底部的年代约在6．8 Ma左右,而红粘土与粉砂层之间的界限在6．27 Ma。根据深度－年代之间的关系,推算得出底部粉砂层的沉积速率比上部红粘土的沉积速率要快10倍以上,结合区域气候变化和构造运动历史的研究,邱家鄢剖面在（6．8－6．27）Ma之间快速沉积粉砂层的来源可能是中游黄河的河漫滩,指示了山陕峡谷段南北流向的古黄河可能在中新世晚期的6．8 Ma以前已经在该区出现。     

蓝田白鹿原晚第三纪风成红粘土序列的古季风气候记录

对陕西蓝田段家坡红粘土剖面进行高分辨率研究,获得了古地磁年龄数据,并以磁化率和碳酸盐含量为气候代用指标,获得了7.3-2.6MaB.P.期间黄土高原南缘古气候变化的记录。这些结果揭示了晚第三纪时期的气候变化过程,进而表明3.4-2.6MaB.P.可能是东亚古季风演变的重要转型期。     

新疆沙尔湖煤田中侏罗沉积环境与聚煤浅析

新疆沙尔湖煤田形成受诸多种因素影响,如古地理、古气候、植物演化、地壳运动、构造发展等。新疆主要成煤期主要集中在中侏罗时期,在西山窑及八道湾组表现得尤为明显,而沙尔湖煤田主要含煤地层为中侏罗统西山窑组。本文介绍了沙尔湖煤田的形成与古地理、古气候、植物演化、地壳运动、构造发展的关系。     

海洋粘土矿物的古环境含意辨析

粘土矿物组合反映了源区气候冷、暖周期性变化,记录了沉积区域古环境演化的重要信息,为古环境重塑提供了有力证据.但沉积岩中粘土矿物组合及含量变化用于古气候的解释目前尚存在一定的局限性和复杂性,例外情况时有发生.各种非气候因素,如源区、沉积环境、成岩作用、差异输送、自生作用,影响粘土矿物的分布和含量,使粘土矿物的古气候含意变得错综复杂.可能只有当沉积盆地很小或者是陆盆,沉积物中的粘土矿物对古气候才可能是有用的指示器.比较大的沉积盆地,尤其是海盆,是从遥远的源区接受岩屑载荷的,代表了一种多样化的环境条件.重组的距离越长,扩散过程越复杂,沉积的粘土矿物组合古气候信息越不清晰.粘土微粒要经过一个长距离才能从土壤到达海洋,因此沉积学家和古气候学家应该多注意土壤和沉积粘土矿物之间关系的复杂性.目前海洋粘土组合的古气候解释,可能代表一种相当宽泛的古气候信息或提供了所有气候影响的整合记录.     

黔中地区红粘土的超固结性及低密实度和变形特征

根据野外现场调查和室内的实验资料,对红粘土的超固结性及低密实度和变形特征进行讨论,指出红粘土是超固结土,但同时密实度很低。超固结及低密实度的特征对土的变形性能也有显著的影响。还研究了红粘土超固结性和密实度及变形随土的埋深反常规变化的规律,并对红粘土的前期固结压力提出新的认识。     

浙江中全新世古气候古环境变化与河姆渡古人类

初步讨论了浙江东部中全新世古气候古环境变化及其对河姆渡古人类发展的影响。研究结果表明,中全新世大暖期是促使河姆渡古人类定居、发展和稻作农业在本区出现发展的重要条件,古气候古环境不同变化阶段与河姆渡古人类的发展阶段可以相互对比,而当时近于热带的古气候古环境变化,包括其导致的自然灾害的加强,对河姆渡古人类的生产,生活面貌的变化和发展有深刻影响,特别是缓慢降温后紧接着急剧升温的变化过程是引起人类发展面貌发生重大改变的一个重要因素。     

红粘土地质管桩复压前后现场试验及上浮机理

为研究管桩的承载特性及上浮问题,以红粘土地质的静压PHC管桩上浮工程为案例,对复压前后的PHC管桩分别进行现场静载试验,分析管桩在复压前后的承载力及沉降随时间变化规律,提出红粘土地质管桩的上浮机理。结果表明:上浮管桩的静载试验的荷载—位移曲线呈现明显的"陡降型"特征,卸荷回弹率仅为5.9%。复压后管桩的荷载—位移曲线符合"缓变型"特征,卸载回弹率达23%以上,远大于复压前数值。管桩上浮是主要由于大量密集的管桩沉桩施工引起显著的挤土效应,发生向上的桩土位移,而红粘土层的超孔隙水压使管桩承受了较大水头压力亦引发了管桩的上浮趋势。     

柴西北缘鄂博梁地区下干柴沟组泥岩地球化学特征及古环境

以柴达木盆地西北缘鄂博梁地区为例,通过痕量元素及稀土元素分析测试,结合沉积综合柱状图,探讨古近系下干柴沟组的古盐度、古气候和古氧化-还原条件等变化特征。样品具有明显的Eu负异常及轻微的Ce负异常,氧化-还原指标Ni/Co、V/Cr、U/Th一致指示氧化条件,古气候指标Sr/Cu值与Sr、Rb/Sr值指示的气候温湿变化趋势一致,古气候条件与Sr/Ba、Th/U判断出的古盐度变化相符合。古近纪青藏高原隆升高度较低且范围有限,鄂博梁地区下干柴沟组沉积期处在温暖湿润的淡水环境。     

中国风尘沉积环境磁学研究现状

中国黄土-古土壤-红黏土序列完整记录了7.5 Ma以来东亚季风演化历史。黄土-古土壤的低频磁化率已成为东亚夏季风演化的代用指标之一,并得到广泛的应用和全球对比。虽然古土壤磁化率增强的成土观点已得到广泛认可,但磁化率与成壤强度的相关性还不是十分清楚,磁化率应用方面仍存在问题。磁化率与成壤强度、生物化学作用和古气候关系尚在研究中。     

Seven million-year iron geochemistry record from a thick eolian red clay-loess sequence in Chinese Loess Plateau and the implications for paleomonsoon evolution

Recently, the Tertiary red clay sequence underlying Pleistocene loess has attracted much attention. The remarkable progress is the recognition that the Tertiary red clay sequence is also wind-blown in origin, thus providing a good opportunity to reconstruct long-term monsoon changes. In contrast to the loess deposits, the magnetic susceptibility and the pedogenic characteristics are almost independent of each other in the red clay, thus challenging the validity of the readily measurable magnetic susceptibility in describing the monsoon history recorded by the red clay. With the objective to address the long-term East Asia summer monsoon evolution, the free to total Fe₂O₃ ratios were calculated in a continuous eolian red clay-loess sequence at Lingtai, the Chinese Loess Plateau, which has a thickness of 305 m and a basal age of 7.0 Ma. The seven million-year Fe₂O₃ ratio record from the red clay-loess sequence indicates that (ⅰ) variations of the free to total Fe₂O₃ ratios of the loess can correlate generally with the alternations of the loess and paleosol horizons; (ⅱ) the East Asia summer monsoon was stronger as a whole in Neogene than that in Quaternary; (ⅲ) the strongest East Asia summer monsoon may occur between 4.0 and 4.8 Ma. The relatively small ice volume and high global temperature may be responsible for the strong summer monsoon during the early Pliocene.     

山东小清河流域黄土的发现及勘探意义

通过钻孔取样、野外考察、粒度分析等方法对山东小清河流域浅层的沉积物特征进行研究。结果表明:小清河流域南部浅层沉积物以泥质粉砂和粉砂质泥为主,富含钙质结核和蜗牛化石等黄土标志物,发育明显的黄土-古土壤沉积旋回;南部粒度特征与青州黄土、北京降尘、西峰黄土等典型的风成沉积物相似,具有中国黄土的典型双峰特征,粒度分布明显粗于北京降尘和西峰黄土,而与邻近的青州黄土相似或较其稍粗,体现近物源的特性;末次冰期时裸露的渤海陆架是研究区黄土的主要物源区,中国东部季风和流域以南的山脉为黄土的形成提供搬运动力和地形条件;流域最北端发育古河道沉积,黄土与古河道间存在一个过渡带,沉积特征的差异和流域内南高北低的地势致使南部潜水面深度远大于北部,最终导致油气地震勘探中北部的地震激发效果明显优于南部。     

Terrestrial mollusk evidence for the origin and sedimentary environment of the Late Tertiary Red Clay Formation in the Loess Plateau, China

The origin and sedimentary environment of theLate Tertiary (Neogene) Red Clay Formation in northernChina had long been controversial. A new mollusk recordfrom the Xifeng red clay (red-earth) sequence in the centralLoess Plateau provides the biological evidence for addressingquestions of its origin and environmental implication. Thestudy of composition and preservation condition of seventymollusk fossil assemblages reveals the initial ecological con-dition of the red clay formation, avoiding the effect ofpost-deposited alteration. The result shows that all of identi-fiable mollusk species are composed of terrestrial taxa, mostof them are the common species found in the overlying Qua-ternary Ioess-paleosol sequence. Most of fossil individualspreserved in the red clay strata are in living conditions basedon the investigation of fieldwork, indicating the originalpopulation. Thus, the mollusk fossil assemblages can be usedas an indicator of primary environment of the red clay for-mation. The mollusk record from the Xifeng red clay se-quence supports the view that the red clay is an aeolian ori-gin, similar to the overlying Quaternary loess deposits. Ourdata also reveal the history of environmental changes atXifeng from 6.2--2.4 Ma, which is coupled in phase with theformation and development of the Arctic ice sheets and theprocess of the Tibetan Plateau uplift. Both may be the majorcause and forcing mechanisms of the late Tertiaryenvironmental changes in the Loess Plateau.     

Magnetostratigraphy of Late Tertiary sediments from the Chinese Loess Plateau and its paleoclimatic significance

The Late Tertiary red clay/bed sediments underlying the Quaternary loess-paleosol in the Chinese Loess Plateau possesses high-resolution paleoclimatic changes related to the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. Magnetostratigra-phy and susceptibility measurements are discussed in this paper. The paleomagnetic results show that the red clay/bed began to accumulate at about 8.1 Ma, which represents the oldest Late Tertiary deposit continuously in the central Loess Plateau. The magnetic susceptibility curves show stepwise increases since the initiation of red clay, superimposed on several peaks. Moreover, the magnetic susceptibility increased abruptly since 3.8 Ma, which probably indicates the inception of the modern East Asia monsoon system. Between 3.8 and 2.6 Ma, the stepwise increases of susceptibility may imply progressively intensified East Asia summer monsoon activity related with the stepwise uplift process of the Tibetan Plateau.     

从孢粉推测上海地区晚第四纪以来的植被、环境演变

通过对上海地区斜土路2号孔晚第四纪地层的孢粉研究，划分出了晚第四纪8个孢粉组合带，并结合邻近钻孔孢粉研究资料，恢复了该区植被演替、气候波动的六个阶段，这种气候波动不仅与世界性气候变化一致，而且其波动曲线也与海平面变化相吻合，从而为本地区进行地层年代划分和对比提供可靠的证据，为本地区晚第四纪古植被、古气候、古环境的重建提供了丰富的孢粉学资料。     

A climatic reversal at the last interglacial-last glacial transition recorded in the loess section at Zhaitang, Beijing

A weakly developed paleosol was identified at S1-L1 transition of the loess section of Zhaitang, Beijing. This paleosol may represent a climatic reversal which is associated with the strengthening in summer monsoon and correlated well with the climatic regression event documented in the paleoclimate records from Greenland ice, marine sediments and European pollen at the last interglacial-last glacial transition.     

安徽宣城第四纪红土剖面石英颗粒扫描电镜研究

扫描电镜下对宣城剖面１６７个石英颗粒的表面特征进行了详细的观察．剖面中石英颗粒的磨园度、球度较高,表明沉积物在地质营力的主导下经过了较长距离的搬运,在ＥＳＲ年代学研究中可以认定其初始剂量为零;相比于棕黄色古土壤母质层,古土壤层中的石英颗粒表面化学结构极为发育,指示了古土壤形成期的气候相对温湿．     

Grain-size evidence for multiple origins of the reticulate red clay in southern China

The loess-paleosol sequences in Chinese Loess Plateau record the multi-cyclic paleo-climatic changes in the Quaternary period[1]. Presently, what interests people most is that at what degrees and scales the climates in southern China had corresponded to the alternating changes be-tween the glacial and interglacial climates in northern China in the Quaternary period. Many researchers[2―10] hope to find some potential Quaternary sediment materials in southern China, just as the loess-paleoso…     

Reconstruction of the spatial patterns of desert/loess boundary belt in North China during the Holocene

The desert/loess boundary belt is the transi-tional region between desert and loess, where aeolian sandand loess interlock in space and alternate in time. It, being seriously unstable in space-time, sensitive to climatic changes and with fragile ecological environment, is an ideal region for studying the global climate change. There are deposi-tional sequences of paleosol with sub-horizontal interbedded aeolian sand and loess, and the stratigraphical evidences show that there widely exist 3—4 layers paleosol in sand lands of northeastern China, 4—5 layers in Mu Us Sandy Land and Hunshandake Sandy Land, more than 4 layers in the Qinghai Lake region and the Gonghe Basin of Qinghai Province during the Holocene. These indicate that the desert has experienced several times of extending and compacting, along with which the desert/loess boundary belt vibrated. It possesses good coherence with global climate change and eustasy. The coherence shows that the monsoon change in East Asia is the primary driving factor for the swing of desert/loess boundary belt. Besides, human influence con-stantly intensified the swing of the belt, especially in the south of Mu Us Sandy Land during the 2000—3000 aBP.