软枣猕猴桃栽培品种DNA指纹图谱的构建及遗传多样性分析

为了对软枣猕猴桃栽培品种进行分子鉴别及分析不同品种间的亲缘关系,采用对叶片直接进行PCR扩增的方法,利用EST-SSR分子标记技术构建了常见的42个软枣猕猴桃品种的数字指纹图谱和模式指纹图谱数据库(cluster project),并进行了遗传多样性分析.结果表明:利用21对软枣猕猴桃核心引物扩增所有品种的基因组,共检测到132个等位位点,包括122个多态性位点,多态性比率为92.4%.每对引物扩增出的等位位点数为3~8个,平均每对引物扩增6.28个基因型,扩增条带大小100~300bp,多态信息含量(polymorphism information content,CPIC)为0.721,基因流为1.454,平均杂合率为0.691.其中,7对引物,即ACAR2,ACAR13,ACAR53,ACAR75,ACAR92,ACAR112和ACAR120可作为指纹图谱构建的首选引物,利用其中的ACAR2,ACAR13,ACAR53和ACAR75以引物组合方式构建指纹图谱可区分42个品种.聚类分析表明在遗传距离0.64处42个品种被分为一类,在遗传距离0.81处分为4类.聚类结果与品种的特性及来源具有较高的一致性.     

三叶木通SRAP体系的优化及其遗传多样性

采用L16(45)的正交试验确立了适合三叶木通(Akebia trifoliate)相关序列扩增多态性(SRAP)最佳反应体系为(25μL):1×Reaction Buffer、Mg2+2.5mmol/L、dNTPs0.2mmol/L、Taq酶2U、引物0.4μmol/L、DNA 20ng/25μL.利用最佳体系从100对SRAP引物中筛选出6对,对秦岭地区3个居群的62份三叶木通进行遗传多样性分析,共得到142条条带,多态性比率为87.32%.聚类分析结果显示:在遗传相似系数为0.72时,可将62份三叶木通划分为3个组群,与样品采集地的居群相一致.表明该SRAP体系能够提供丰富的信息位点,适用于三叶木通遗传多样性的分析.     

RAPD技术在玉米自交系亲缘关系鉴定中的应用

利用RAPD分子标记技术对12个玉米自交系进行了分析.通过11条随机引物对12个玉米自交系进行PCR扩增,根据得到的RAPD指纹图谱建立0、1型数据,采用NJ法进行聚类分析,得到亲缘关系图.结果表明:用RAPD标记建立的亲缘关系图与根据系谱来源分析得到的亲缘关系基本一致.     

花椰菜自交不亲和性的分子标记研究

运用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)和inter-简单重复序列(ISSR)等分子标记技术,分别对5组花椰菜自交不亲和系和对应的自交亲和系的基因组进行指纹差异分析.采用10个10 mer随机引物和5个ISSR引物进行PCR扩增,结果表明,扩增片段分子量在0.3～5 kb之间,指纹图谱的稳定性和重复性较好.经过3次以上重复发现,ISSR4引物扩增图谱中,自交亲和系比不亲和系多扩增出3 800 bp片段;ISSR6引物扩增图谱中,除第3组外,不亲和系比亲和系多扩增出1 100 bp片段.结果表明,花椰菜自交不亲和系与自交系基因组DNA之间存在差异,扩增出的差异片段与花椰菜自交不亲和性相关,并可作为自交不亲和系和自交亲和系育种筛选的分子标记.初步探讨了花椰菜自交不亲和性的遗传机制及RAPD和ISSR技术在自交不亲和系选育过程中的应用前景.     

RAPD标记在桂花遗传多样性检测和品种鉴定中的应用

从100个随机引物中筛选出28个多态性稳定的引物,对34个桂花品种、6个桂花野生居群个体、5个木犀属其他种进行了遗传多样性和亲缘关系的RAPD分析.共检测了231个位点,其中209个位点为多态位点(90.4%).不同品种群的多态性位点频率差异明显,按大小依次排序为银桂品种群＞四季桂品种群、金桂品种群＞丹桂品种群.聚类结果与形态分类结果不完全一致.利用来自引物A11和M18扩增的21条多态性条带构建了桂花品种的DNA指纹图谱,该图谱可以方便地应用于桂花品种的鉴定.不同桂花品种之间存在明显差异.研究结果表明,RAPD技术可用于桂花品种的鉴定和亲缘关系的探讨.     

33个杨柳品种指纹图谱构建

【目的】构建杨树与柳树优良品种的指纹图谱,对不同品种进行准确鉴定。【方法】利用柳树EST-SSR标记对33个杨树与柳树优良品种进行通用性检测及基因分型,通过核心引物间的组合构建品种指纹图谱。同时采用非加权组平均法进行聚类,分析各品种间亲缘关系。【结果】12个EST-SSR标记共扩增出97条等位片段,每个位点等位基因数5~13个不等,平均为8.1个。12个位点的多态信息含量(PIC)变化范围为0.637 2~0.834 8,平均为0.781 7。优选的3对核心引物中,SALeSSR0340与SALeSSR0346组合可完全区分12个杨树品种,而SALeSSR0259、SALeSSR0340与SALeSSR0346的组合可完全区分所有的33个品种。聚类分析显示33个品种间的遗传相似系数为0.68~0.96,并分成杨属与柳属两大类,与传统的杨柳科系统分类学一致。各品种间亲缘关系聚类结果与遗传背景相吻合。【结论】对33个杨柳树优良品种进行指纹图谱构建与亲缘关系分析,表明EST-SSR标记可有效反映品种间的差异,建立的基因分型体系准确、高效,可为杨树与柳树品种鉴定、保护与推广工作提供科学依据。     

利用RAPD标记技术对刺槐属（Robinia）种间亲缘关系的分析

用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术对刺槐属(Robina)内5种植物进行基因组DNA多态性分析.共选用22个10 bp随机引物扩增出212个DNA片段,进行种间遗传关系分析.片段大小在100～2 200 bp之间,其中多态性谱带为183条,多态率为86.3%;利用UPGMA进行遗传距离计算的结果表明,刺槐、毛刺槐和香花槐分属刺槐属的三个种,红花刺槐和龙槐是刺槐的变型.首次在DNA水平上证明香花槐为刺槐属的一个独立种,且与毛刺槐的亲缘关系较近.为刺槐属植物亲缘关系和系统分类建立了新的分子学证据.     

开口箭种质资源及其混伪品的SSR指纹图谱研究

利用SSR分子标记技术研究开口箭种质资源的DNA鉴定方法,构建其指纹图谱,为开口箭及其混伪品鉴定提供参考依据。应用7对多态性丰富的SSR引物对10份开口箭种质资源和5份混伪品进行了PCR扩增和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测。结果表明,开口箭种质资源及其混伪品的遗传多样性丰富,7对SSR引物共检测出21个多态性位点,平均每对引物的多态性位点数为3.0;基于SSR分子标记的DNA指纹图谱可将开口箭种质及其混伪品完全区分开。该研究建立的SSR指纹图谱可用于开口箭种质资源标准化分析及市场化检测。     

荞麦RAPD指纹图谱的建立及在品种鉴定中的应用

从9个荞麦品种的幼苗叶片提取DNA,使用CTAB和PVP并结合纯化过程中在高盐(N aC l)下沉淀DNA,可除去样品中影响DNA纯度的多酚类化合物和多糖.共使用13个随机引物,扩增的DNA片段大小为3.0K b~0.8 K b.从9个材料的13组RAPD指纹图谱上可以看出甜荞和苦荞的图谱差异很大(相同条带数占总条带数的比例为21%).在13个引物中有10个引物(占全部引物的77%)在甜荞的RAPD图谱上显示了品种间的DNA多态性,而苦荞只有6个引物(占全部引物的46%)产生了这种多态性.从荞麦RAPD指纹图谱上得到的特异带可以作为品种鉴定的分子标记.     

重庆市常用及新选玉米自交系SSR指纹图谱构建

选用32对玉米SSR引物检测重庆市部分常用及新选玉米自交系间的遗传差异,基于扩增带型清晰、稳定和易于统计原则,从中筛选10对引物作为构建66个玉米自交系指纹图谱的核心引物.结果表明,共扩增出31个条带,每对引物检测到条带3~4个,平均为3.10个.多态性信息量(PIC值)变幅为0.487~0.723,平均为0.651.相似系数在0.29~0.94之间,平均值为0.62.聚类分析表明,10对引物可将66份玉米自交系区分开来.初步构建了重庆市66个玉米自交系的指纹图谱.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with