基于斜坡单元的滑坡崩塌灾害易发性区划研究——以泸水县为例

基于栅格评价单元在滑坡崩塌地质灾害易发性评价中的弊端,采用斜坡评价单元对泸水县滑坡崩塌地质灾害的易发性进行评价.基于ARCGIS平台,建立了利用水文分析方法划分斜坡单元的方法体系.建立了信息量法-层次分析法的易发性评价模型,并对各评价因子的权重和信息量进行了计算提取.在此基础上,运用ARCGIS的空间分析功能,对泸水县滑坡崩塌地质灾害的易发性进行了区划,并对区划结果在宏观和微观上进行了验证.结果表明此种易发性划分方法准确、实用,对指导地质灾害的防治工作有重要意义.     

信息量支持下的随机森林模型的崩塌易发性评价

地质灾害易发性评价作为预测地质灾害发生概率的重要手段被中外学者广泛应用.以陕西省神木市为研究区,在分析了研究区地质环境、人类活动与崩塌形成条件的基础上选取了高程、坡度、坡向、降雨量、距水系距离、距道路距离、岩性、地貌、曲率、归一化植被指数(normalized vegetation index,NDVI)10个影响因子.采用皮尔森相关系数对各因子进行独立性检验.结果表明:各因子间相关系数较低,认为各因子独立;为确保所选非崩塌点为高概率的非崩塌点,利用从信息量模型(in-formation value model,IV)形成的较低及低易发区选取非崩塌点,结合随机森林模型(random forests,RF)进行研究区崩塌易发性分析,并将得到的易发性分析结果与随机选取非崩塌点的RF模型进行对比.最后利用受试者特征曲线(receiver operate curve,ROC)曲线进行两种模型的精度对比,得到RF的成功率和预测率分别为94.5％、89.9％,IV支持下的RF的成功率和预测率分别为96.9％、96.5％.综上IV支持下的RF模型比单一模型具有更好的预测精度.     

一种适用于牧区的新型太阳能系统

我国是世界上地质灾害最严重的国家之一,对人民群众的生命财产安全构成了极大的威胁.湖南省又是我国地质灾害较严重的省份之一,且水系发育,河湖地地质灾害较多.本文以澧县为例,介绍了河湖地区管涌、岸崩的发育特征、分布规律及形成因素等,并提出了相应的防治措施,最后对河湖地质灾害进行了易发性分区,取得了较好的实际效果.结果表明:文中提出的方法对河湖地区的地质灾害防治具有一定的实际指导意义.     

基于GIS的瓮安县地质灾害易发性和危险性分区评价

为了研究贵州省瓮安县各类地质灾害在空间上的发育分布规律,根据瓮安县地质环境和地质灾害野外调查资料,运用综合指数法,对区域内地质灾害易发性的影响因素进行量化。通过地理信息系统(GIS)空间分析软件,对其进行计算与叠加,并依据分区的标准,利用ArcGIS软件内置的自然间断点对地质灾害易发性指数图层进行插值处理,得到瓮安县地质灾害易发性分区图。将区域地质灾害的易发性和区域受威胁对象的易损性进行叠加计算,得到瓮安县地质灾害危险性分区图。根据分区结果可知:地质灾害高易发区占全县面积41.52%,地质灾害中易发区占全县面积38.62%,地质灾害低易发区占全县面积19.86%;地质灾害危险性划分为高危险区、中危险区和低危险区3个区,所占面积比例分别为41.00%、42.54%、16.46%。研究结果为该区地质灾害的预防和预警提供了依据,具有一定的工程实践意义。     

基于信息量-随机森林模型的地震带地质灾害易发性评价：以松潘-较场地震带为例

地震会引起地表振动及破坏,同时加大滑坡、崩塌、泥石流等次生灾害的发生概率,对位于地震带区域城市进行地质灾害易发性预测,是地质灾害防治的有效措施。为了探究地震带区域地质发育程度对地质灾害的影响,以松潘-较场典型地震带的平武县为例,从地形地貌特征、地层地质条件、气象水文、地震带发育特征、土壤植被、人类工程活动影响六个方面选取地质灾害的诱发因子,采用信息量模型、信息量-AHP和信息量-随机森林(RF)三种评价模型对平武县地质灾害进行易发性评价,结果表明信息量-RF模型的对比分析结果优于其他两种模型,ROC曲线精度评估信息量-RF模型的AUC值(0.991)高于信息量模型(0.931)和信息量-AHP模型(0.920),说明基于信息量耦合随机森林的综合易发性评价模型更适用于地震带地区的地质灾害易发性评价,具有良好的预测精度。     

建筑物基础沉降径向基神经网络预测

为解决建筑物基础沉降量的安全监测问题,对其进行有效的预测、校核与分析,运用MATLAB软件建立径向基神经网络模型对某市建筑物的基础沉降量进行预测.结果表明:径向基神经网络的结构形式简易,适应能力更强,预测误差比BP网络小,平均约为66.83%,达到预测精准度所需的耗时短、收敛速度更快.径向基神经网络的预测结果与实测结果较为吻合,表明径向基神经网络预测模型适用于建筑工程沉降预测领域之中.     

基于RBF神经网络的城市快速路短时交通流预测研究

为检验灰色模型及径向神经网络模型用于短时交通流预测的可行性及适用性,本文分析和比较了灰色模型GM（1,1）和RBF径向神经网络模型对短时交通流的预测效果。仿真实例表明,灰色模型不适合用于短时交通流预测,而径向神经网络能够准确预测短期交通流的未来变化趋势,当径向基函数的分布密度值在0.8~1.0之间时能够取得较高的预测精度。     

大比例尺评价尺度强震条件下崩滑灾害易发性评价方法

通过收集并分析大量国内外有关地震诱发地质灾害的文献资料,通过实地野外调查,结合汶川地震这一极端事件,展开对地震诱发地质灾害发育规律、分布特征及成因机理的研究,选取了2类共10个评价因子,包括:坡度、剖面形态、平面形态、高程、水系、岩组、岩体结构、断层性质、断层距离和斜坡方向,建立了一套针对地震条件下地质灾害易发性评价指标体系及方法.结合汶川县城研究区,进行了大比例尺评价尺度强震条件下崩滑灾害易发性评价,评价结果可为城镇建设及规划提供科学的依据,从而有效地规避风险和减灾防灾.     

用QCEA优化的RBF神经网络及其在股市预测的应用

采用量子克隆进化算法(QCEA)对径向基函数(RBF)神经网络的参数进行优化学习,并通过对不同样本容量和量子旋转角的实验,将量子克隆进化算法优化的径向基函数神经网络应用于上证指数的预测分析中.仿真实验表明:经量子克隆进化算法优化的径向基函数神经网络将全局搜索和局部寻优有机地结合起来,收敛速度快、种群多样性好,并可有效抑...     

基于径向基函数网络的煤层破裂压力预测方法

为了获得准确的破裂压力预测值,本文引入径向基函数(RBF)神经网络模型对煤层破裂压力进行解释。通过对收集的200余层资料进行了拟合和预测破裂压力,优选径向基函数网络模型,对其中150层资料进行拟合,得到拟合精度达到92.01%,同时利用训练的径向基函数网络模型,对剩余井层中的20层资料进行了预测,预测精度达到89.85%,解决了传统方法预测效果误差大的问题,该结果利用径向基函数网络模型预测煤层气井的破裂压力准确度高,可以推广应用。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.