隐形传送任意三粒子纠缠态的一种方法

提出利用一个三粒子纠缠GHZ态和两个二粒子纠缠态作为量子信道,实现任意的三粒子纠缠态从发送者传送给两个接收者中任意一个的量子隐形传态的方案.首先考察量子信道是最大纠缠态的情形,然后进一步考察量子信道是非最大纠缠态的情形.在量子信道为非最大纠缠态时,通过引进一个辅助粒子,并构造一个幺正变换矩阵,可以8 bdf 2概率成功地隐形传送任意的三粒子纠缠态.     

两个独立量子信道中一对量子纠缠态的隐形传送

从量子纠缠及量子态隐形传送的基本原理出发,简单介绍在一个量子信道中单粒子量子态的隐形传送,进而详细讨论在两个独立量子信道中一对量子纠缠态的隐形传送,寻找其中的规律,为以后热纠缠信道中隐形传送的研究提供理论基础。     

二粒态的概率隐形传态

量子隐形传态是量子信息学的一个重要组成部分,本文提出一个利用两个三粒子纠缠态作为信道的量子隐形传态方案,方案中一个两粒子态将被概率的传输。     

任意两粒子态的概率隐形传输

利用部分纠缠的两粒子纠缠态及部分纠缠的三粒子W态作为量子信道,提出了对任意的两粒子态的概率隐形传态方案,其最大传输概率为2/3.     

利用四粒子纠缠态实现的两量子位一般态的概率隐形传态

提出了以四粒子部分纠缠态作为量子信道的两量子位一般态的概率隐形传输方案,它通过联合么正变换和引入辅助量子位的方法来实现.     

利用四粒子纠缠态对未知的两粒子态的概率的隐形传态

提出一个对两粒子态的概率的隐形传态方案,利用四粒子纠缠态作为量子信道,可以以最大为1/3的概率实现对未知量子态的隐形传输.     

单个未知多能级粒子态的概率隐形传输

提出利用多对两能级粒子的非最大纠缠态作为量子信道实现单个未知多能级粒子态的概率隐形传输.讨论了单个三能级粒子的概率隐形传输,把其推广到单个多能级粒子,并得出单个多能级粒子的概率隐形传输的成功概率.     

非最大纠缠GHZ态的受控量子隐形传态

提出2种方案来完成非最大纠缠GHZ态的受控量子隐形传态,2种方案的信道分别为非最大纠缠EPR对和GHZ态的复合以及非最大纠缠EPR对和W态的复合.为提高隐形传态的安全性和可控性,2种方案中发送者和接收者之间都没有直接的量子纠缠信道,发送者需要向控制者提出申请,控制者同意后进行Bell基测量,从而使发送者和接收者之间建立量子纠缠信道.随后,发送者进行Bell基测量和von-Neumann测量.接收者根据控制者和发送者的测量结果进行幺正变换,完成隐形传态.     

利用POVM测量实现的三粒子纠缠GHZ态概率隐形传输

本文提出了一个概率隐形传输未知三粒子纠缠GHZ态的方案,在传输过程中仅仅需用两对非最大纠缠态EPR作为量子信道,发送者Alice采用了半定算子值测量,以及Bob执行了相应一系列的幺正操作,隐形传输可以以一定概率成功地实现.     

一般W态传送原子态并用腔QED提纯非最大纠缠态

提出用一个任意三粒子非最大纠缠形态作为量子信道,将未知量子态传送给两个接收者中的任意一个,用腔量子电动力学技术Cavity—QED（Cavity quantum electrodynamics）对非最大纠缠态进行提纯,实现未知量子态的概率传送．分析了作为量子信道的纠缠态系数对于成功实现隐形传送的影响,并以原子与腔共振相互作用演化来代替复杂的幺正变换,让接收方通过经典信息重新构造出初始传送态,成功的几率取决于3个系数中2个比较小的系数．以现在的技术是可以实现的．     

量子纠缠与超光速量子通信

量子通信是经典通信和量子力学相结合的一门新兴交叉学科.在介绍量子纠缠特性的基础上,对量子隐形传态进行了探讨,提出了超光速量子通信的途径.     

Experimental extraction of an entangled photon pair from two identically decohered pairs

Entanglement is considered to be one of the most important resources in quantum information processing schemes, including teleportation, dense coding and entanglement-based quantum key distribution. Because entanglement cannot be generated by classical communication between distant parties, distribution of entangled particles between them is necessary. During the distribution process, entanglement between the particles is degraded by the decoherence and dissipation processes that result from unavoidable coupling with the environment. Entanglement distillation and concentration schemes are therefore needed to extract pairs with a higher degree of entanglement from these less-entangled pairs; this is accomplished using local operations and classical communication. Here we report an experimental demonstration of extraction of a polarization-entangled photon pair from two decohered photon pairs. Two polarization-entangled photon pairs are generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion and then distributed through a channel that induces identical phase fluctuations to both pairs; this ensures that no entanglement is available as long as each pair is manipulated individually. Then, through collective local operations and classical communication we extract from the two decohered pairs a photon pair that is observed to be polarization-entangled.     

基于量子隐形传态的密钥交换与身份认证方案

量子密钥交换与身份认证是量子保密通信研究的核心内容,量子资源的充分利用,能有效地增加通信的保密。方案根据量子纠缠交换与隐形传态的基本原理及安全协议的设计原则,设计实现了一个量子密钥交换与身份认证同步实现方案,方案设计巧妙,充分利用了量子隐形传态和量子纠缠特性,增强了通信的安全性,有效避免了量子窃听,减少密性放大过程和经典信道所带来的安全威胁。     

Experimental purification of two-atom entanglement

Entanglement is a necessary resource for quantum applications--entanglement established between quantum systems at different locations enables private communication and quantum teleportation, and facilitates quantum information processing. Distributed entanglement is established by preparing an entangled pair of quantum particles in one location, and transporting one member of the pair to another location. However, decoherence during transport reduces the quality (fidelity) of the entanglement. A protocol to achieve entanglement 'purification' has been proposed to improve the fidelity after transport. This protocol uses separate quantum operations at each location and classical communication to distil high-fidelity entangled pairs from lower-fidelity pairs. Proof-of-principle experiments distilling entangled photon pairs have been carried out. However, these experiments obtained distilled pairs with a low probability of success and required destruction of the entangled pairs, rendering them unavailable for further processing. Here we report efficient and non-destructive entanglement purification with atomic quantum bits. Two noisy entangled pairs were created and distilled into one higher-fidelity pair available for further use. Success probabilities were above 35 per cent. The many applications of entanglement purification make it one of the most important techniques in quantum information processing.     

基于非BSM的一对多二比特隐形传态

提出了一种无Bell基测量一对多隐形传输二比特信息的方案.在隐形传输过程中,以(2n+2)个粒子的最大纠缠态作为量子信道,通过原子在外加强经典驱动场下和单模腔场的相互作用,产生态的演化,从而实现隐形传输.传输过程中不需要用到Bell基测量,且不用考虑腔场耗散和外界热场环境的影响,传输成功的总几率为1.0.     

Experimental demonstration of five-photon entanglement and open-destination teleportation

Quantum-mechanical entanglement of three or four particles has been achieved experimentally, and has been used to demonstrate the extreme contradiction between quantum mechanics and local realism. However, the realization of five-particle entanglement remains an experimental challenge. The ability to manipulate the entanglement of five or more particles is required for universal quantum error correction. Another key process in distributed quantum information processing, similar to encoding and decoding, is a teleportation protocol that we term 'open-destination' teleportation. An unknown quantum state of a single particle is teleported onto a superposition of N particles; at a later stage, this teleported state can be read out (for further applications) at any of the N particles, by a projection measurement on the remaining particles. Here we report a proof-of-principle demonstration of five-photon entanglement and open-destination teleportation (for N = 3). In the experiment, we use two entangled photon pairs to generate a four-photon entangled state, which is then combined with a single-photon state. Our experimental methods can be used for investigations of measurement-based quantum computation and multi-party quantum communication.     

Quantum teleportation and entanglement distribution over 100-kilometre free-space channels

Transferring an unknown quantum state over arbitrary distances is essential for large-scale quantum communication and distributed quantum networks. It can be achieved with the help of long-distance quantum teleportation and entanglement distribution. The latter is also important for fundamental tests of the laws of quantum mechanics. Although quantum teleportation and entanglement distribution over moderate distances have been realized using optical fibre links, the huge photon loss and decoherence in fibres necessitate the use of quantum repeaters for larger distances. However, the practical realization of quantum repeaters remains experimentally challenging. Free-space channels, first used for quantum key distribution, offer a more promising approach because photon loss and decoherence are almost negligible in the atmosphere. Furthermore, by using satellites, ultra-long-distance quantum communication and tests of quantum foundations could be achieved on a global scale. Previous experiments have achieved free-space distribution of entangled photon pairs over distances of 600?metres (ref. 14) and 13?kilometres (ref. 15), and transfer of triggered single photons over a 144-kilometre one-link free-space channel. Most recently, following a modified scheme, free-space quantum teleportation over 16?kilometres was demonstrated with a single pair of entangled photons. Here we report quantum teleportation of independent qubits over a 97-kilometre one-link free-space channel with multi-photon entanglement. An average fidelity of 80.4?±?0.9 per cent is achieved for six distinct states. Furthermore, we demonstrate entanglement distribution over a two-link channel, in which the entangled photons are separated by 101.8?kilometres. Violation of the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality is observed without the locality loophole. Besides being of fundamental interest, our results represent an important step towards a global quantum network. Moreover, the high-frequency and high-accuracy acquiring, pointing and tracking technique developed in our experiment can be directly used for future satellite-based quantum communication and large-scale tests of quantum foundations.     

Quantum teleportation between light and matter

Quantum teleportation is an important ingredient in distributed quantum networks, and can also serve as an elementary operation in quantum computers. Teleportation was first demonstrated as a transfer of a quantum state of light onto another light beam; later developments used optical relays and demonstrated entanglement swapping for continuous variables. The teleportation of a quantum state between two single material particles (trapped ions) has now also been achieved. Here we demonstrate teleportation between objects of a different nature--light and matter, which respectively represent 'flying' and 'stationary' media. A quantum state encoded in a light pulse is teleported onto a macroscopic object (an atomic ensemble containing 10 caesium atoms). Deterministic teleportation is achieved for sets of coherent states with mean photon number (n) up to a few hundred. The fidelities are 0.58 +/- 0.02 for n = 20 and 0.60 +/- 0.02 for n = 5--higher than any classical state transfer can possibly achieve. Besides being of fundamental interest, teleportation using a macroscopic atomic ensemble is relevant for the practical implementation of a quantum repeater. An important factor for the implementation of quantum networks is the teleportation distance between transmitter and receiver; this is 0.5 metres in the present experiment. As our experiment uses propagating light to achieve the entanglement of light and atoms required for teleportation, the present approach should be scalable to longer distances.     

非经典光场及其在量子信息中的应用

扼要介绍连续变量纠缠态光场产生的实验方法,及其在量子离物传态,量子密集编码,受控密集编码,量子纠缠交换及量子通信网络中的应用.     

两种典型的量子通信技术

量子通信是量子信息中的一个重要分支．而其中最典型的量子通信技术是量子隐形传态和量子密码通信．文章介绍了量子通信中量子叠加和量子纠缠的概念．并介绍两种量子通信技术的理论框架,同时也涉及了这个领域的实验研究进展．