对英语中空语类现象的探讨

空语类（empty category）又译为空范畴或虚范畴，是乔姆斯基于上世纪七十年代末八十年代初提出的一个概念，在其管辖与约束（GB）理论中占有十分重要的地位。所谓空语类是在句法、语义表达式中存在，而在音系表达式中没有音系矩阵的成分（徐烈炯，1988：193）。文将着重论述什么是空语类，空语类PRO的分布特点及空语类的照应性等问题。空语类现象的研究对揭示语言的句法特征起着至关重要的作用。     

基于词类序列的汉语语句韵律结构预测

为完善计算机汉语语音合成,构建了韵律结构预测系统。该系统区分了现代汉语中韵律结构与语法结构存在对应关系和不存在对应关系的两类单位,采取确定韵律结构和调整韵律结构,分别处理这两类单位;考虑了"的"、"介词"等功能词在韵律短语预测中的作用;面向汉语文语转换应用的语句韵律词及韵律短语;只依赖语句的词类音节数序列等简单的文本信息。在107句语料上进行了测试。结果表明:韵律词预测正确率达95%,韵律短语预测正确率约81%,操作性较强。     

对科技英语中以which及“介词+which”引导的定语从句类型及翻译的探讨

在科技英语中,以which及“介词+which”引导的定语从句从表达的形式来看,有多种类型:有的从句和所修饰的词之间没有逗号分开,有的有逗号分开;关系代词which在从句中可作主语、宾语(动词或介词的宾语),有时还可作表语;有的定语从句和所修饰的词之间还可以被另一作定语的介词短语或动词谓语及其他成分隔开的;which前的介词可以是简单介词,也可以是短语介词,还可以是“名词(或代词)+of+which ”引导的;等     

语法隐喻在科技语篇中的体现形式及语篇功能

在韩礼德语法隐喻分类的基础上,研究了科技语篇中语法隐喻名词化和动词化的体现形式,发现科技语篇中存在两种特有的语法隐喻形式,即单个形容词和单个名词可以充当环境成分;语法隐喻在科技语篇中具有语篇衔接和语类功能。     

《最简探索：框架》下“被”的句法地位

“被”的句法地位众说纷纭,有“被”的介词说、动词说、双重地位说。在探讨这些观点长短得失的基础上,以句法特性为出发点,借鉴Chomsky最新《最简探索：框架》的相关假设,针对“被”的语类特征进行了尝试性分析。提出将“被”字分析成一个汉语言特有的、具有强名词性特征P-feature的功能语类。同时,通过对标准被动句生成过程的实例描述,验证了“被”字功能语类特征的假设。     

《最简探索:框架》下"被"的句法地位

"被"的句法地位众说纷纭,有"被"的介词说、动词说、双重地位说.在探讨这些观点长短得失的基础上,以句法特性为出发点,借鉴Chomsky最新<最简探索:框架>的相关假设,针对"被"的语类特征进行了尝试性分析.提出将"被"字分析成一个汉语言特有的、具有强名词性特征P - feature的功能语类.同时,通过对标准被动句生成过程的实例描述,验证了"被"字功能语类特征的假设.     

英语中某些特殊的“否定”表达法

概括了英语中几种特殊的“否定”表达法:用动词、形容词、名词、连词、名词短语、介词、成语、修辞性问句、虚拟语气、双重否定。引用了大量例句来说明这些“否定”表达法。     

汉英主语表示法的差别与翻译

汉语与英语的主语表示法差别较大。主要体现在动词作主语、形容词作主语、述宾短语作主语、主谓短语作主语、述补短语作主语、偏正短语作主语、“的”字短语作主语、同位短语作主语、介词短语作主语等方面。只有掌握两种语言各自特点，才能准确互译。     

谈介词和介词短语的功能特点

一、介词及其功能特点在现代汉语的词类中,介词是用在词或短语(主要是名词和以名词为中心的短语)前面,合起来一同表示起止、方向、时间、处所、对象、原因等的词。     

英语中长定语(从句)的译法

英语,特别是科技英语中,句子的某个中心词常常被若干个后置定语或定语从句所修饰.这是因为英语句法结构重“形合”,任何一个名词或名词词组,为了对它进行完整而明确的阐述,可以借助各种修饰结构(介词短语、不定式短语、分词短语、定语或同位语从句等)像滚雪球一样引出一长串修饰成分.而汉语讲“意合”,各个成分用意义串联,往往不需要连接词,一般句子较短.汉语中,一个名词,通常不用“叠床架屋”式的多重修饰语,因为过长的前置定语会使句子拖泥带水、冗长臃肿、晦涩难懂.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.