基于射流飞控技术的环量控制阶段数值研究

环量控制技术通过调节射流喷气量实现翼型气动性能的提升，在Coanda效应作用下，翼型环量会发生改变，且尾缘后流场出现分离。目前环量控制的分离位置与射流位置、射流高度及射流强度的关系尚不明确。该文主要研究了Coanda效应对流场分布及升阻力特性的影响，并对环量控制的不同控制阶段进行了分析。首先，对NACA0012标准翼型进行尾缘修型，改变尾缘曲率和喷口高度等参数，验证环量控制的有效性；其次，在考虑攻角、动量系数、射流速度3个关键参数的情况下，引入Coanda偏转角，揭示了环量控制的Coanda效应的触发及抑制机理；最后，对NACA0012修型翼型和CC-E0020EJ环量控制翼型提出了分离预测思路。针对环量控制技术中2个控制阶段，通过推阻分解法对升力、阻力进行解构，解释了尾缘后流场分离与再附的超临界现象，提出了分离区域的分析方法。结果表明：Coanda偏转角可以作为动量系数与升力系数的物理判据，翼型下表面的压力损失导致超环量阶段的射流效率降低。     

新型双机身鸭式布局无人机气动特性

优化载重性能的气动布局设计是当前无人机研究重要方向,为提高物资运载能力和结构性能,基于连接翼、双机身、鸭式布局设计,提出一种新型双机身鸭式布局无人机,采用FLUENT详细研究了两种飞行速度下的升阻特性、压力云图、涡量分布等。研究结果表明,双机身鸭式布局无人机具有较高的升阻性能,速度提高时,升力系数增加而阻力系数减小,速度由30 m/s增加到60 m/s时,最大升力系数增加7.6%,升阻比增加4.8%;从表面压力云图看,升力主要贡献为前机翼、鸭翼和后机翼,失速迎角前后,后机翼未受前机翼和鸭翼气流干扰,提高了无人机的失速特性;巡航迎角状态的涡量较弱,仅在翼梢及部件连接处出现,失速迎角前后,翼梢、部件连接处涡系增强,且产生了干扰,机翼表面趋于分离。     

等离子体协同射流翼型控制参数设计与机理探索

通过风洞实验和数值模拟方法研究了相关几何参数对等离子体协同射流翼型绕流特性与气动力特性的影响，并对流动控制机制进行了阐述。设计了不同高度的腔道，研究了等离子体激励下腔道出口的流量与射流速度的变化规律，最终选取4 mm腔道高度为最优参数， 设计了以NACA0025为基准翼型的等离子体协同射流翼型。通过数值模拟研究了等离子体协同射流翼型的升/阻力特性，并对比了前缘吹气与协同射流控制的不同控制效果。研究结果表明，Re=68 000、峰-峰值电压13 kV、载波频率8 kHz条件下，相对基准翼型，等离子体协同射流翼型将失速迎角从8°提高到了14°，最大升力系数增加了181%。等离子体协同射流翼型的阻力随迎角增大持续减小，在10°迎角之前其阻力大于基准翼型，随后小于基准翼型，升阻比呈现出与阻力相同的变化特性，10°迎角之后全面优于基准翼型。原因是后缘腔道处在较小迎角下产生了正阻力，而随着迎角的增大，其当地阻力变为负值。对比前缘吹气和协同射流控制，翼型失速迎角分别为12°和16°，这是因为协同射流翼型通过前缘吹气效应可以在当地集中注入动量，其后缘吸气可以减小低能量的分离区域，形成较大的环量增量。     

控制面偏转方式对前掠翼静气弹特性的影响

针对不同控制面偏转方式对弹性前掠翼静气弹特性的影响,基于计算流体力学/计算结构力学（CFD/CSD）松耦合静气动弹性数值计算方法,计算和分析了不同迎角、动压及马赫数条件下前、后缘控制面联合偏转对前掠翼模型的气动特性和弹性变形特性的影响。计算结果表明：控制面偏转对前掠翼飞机静气动弹性特性影响较大;当迎角变化,同向偏转方式的气动特性和弹性变形特性较好,α=4°时,弹性机翼的升阻特性较好;当动压变化时,反向偏转方式的气动特性和弹性特性占优,最大升阻比较同向偏转提高约7%,反向偏转方式气动特性较好,最大升阻比较同向偏转提高约7%;当马赫数变化时,弹性机翼条件下3种模型分别在Ma=0.7时升力系数达到最大值。计算结果可以为前掠翼飞机的实际应用提供参考。     

不同前缘形状非细长三角翼等离子体流动控制的参数影响实验

为改善非细长三角翼的大迎角失速特性，探索前缘形状对流动控制效果的影响规律，基于交流介质阻挡放电(AC-DBD)等离子体激励，开展了非细长三角翼流动控制风洞实验研究。针对3个不同前缘曲率半径的三角翼模型，研究了激励参数对流动控制效果的影响规律。结果表明：小迎角状态下，尖前缘三角翼的升力系数略高于其他两种钝前缘三角翼；圆前缘三角翼的最大升力系数最高；指向上翼面的前缘激励在失速迎角之前对升力系数的控制效果最好，指向下翼面的前缘激励则在失速迎角之后效果更佳；圆前缘三角翼的控制效果最好，相同激励电压下(12 kV),激励控制对尖、圆和椭圆前缘三角翼在过失速阶段升力分别可提高3.6%、5.9%和4.2%。最优的无量纲脉冲激励频率为f⁺=1to2,最优占空比为5%,电压幅值越高，控制效果越好。分析认为AC-DBD激励控制非细长三角翼的主要机理是其对剪切层的非定常扰动，非体积力加速效应；机翼前缘处的流体动能分布影响诱导流向涡的形成，使不同前缘形状非细长三角翼的流动控制效果不同。     

鸭翼涡与边条涡对前掠翼布局的增升研究

为了研究鸭翼、边条对前掠翼布局气动性能的影响,采用三维N-S方程,分别计算了加装鸭翼、边条及鸭翼边条组合的前掠翼模型纵向气动性能,并通过流场显示分析了旋涡流动机理.研究表明,3种模型均可有效改善前掠翼布局的升阻特性.前掠翼加装鸭翼后,鸭翼分离涡的下洗作用使机翼上翼面的分离区减小,能有效控制机翼表面流动,最大升力系数提高40%;加装边条后,边条翼产生的边条涡干扰推迟了前掠翼翼根气流分离,并产生涡升力,升阻特性优于基本翼;同时加装鸭翼与边条,鸭翼涡与边条涡相互诱导,增强了对机翼表面流动的控制能力,最大升力系数比加装鸭翼模型提高3%左右,气动性能显著改善.     

多控制面对鸭翼-前掠翼布局飞行器静气动弹性的影响

针对机翼前、后缘控制面对鸭翼 前掠翼布局飞行器静气动弹性的影响,通过CFD/CSD松耦合计算方法求解三维不定常N-S方程和线弹性静力学方程,得到了前、后缘控制面单独偏转和协同偏转状态下弹性前掠翼的气动特性和弹性特性。研究结果表明：弹性机翼相比于刚性机翼有更好的升力特性和大迎角失速特性;控制面偏转方式的变化也会对气动特性和弹性特性产生影响,当控制面单独偏转时,前缘控制面下偏和后缘控制面下偏均能增大弹性机翼的升力系数,最大升力系数增量分别为2.60%和8.69%;当控制面协同偏转时,同向偏转时的升力增幅比单独偏转时更大,最大升力增量为11.96%,反向偏转的升阻比特性较好,并可在小迎角范围内降低弹性变形和扭转。     

一种伸缩栅格结构变体翼梢小翼研究

翼梢小翼能够抑制翼尖涡的形成,减小诱导阻力,增加航程。目前翼梢小翼的设计目标是改善飞机巡航阶段的升阻特性,而无法在起降、爬升阶段提供最优的减阻效果。本文设计了一种伸缩栅格结构变展长翼梢小翼,通过在飞行过程中控制翼梢小翼高度的变化,改善飞机起降、爬升阶段和巡航阶段的气动性能。利用基于涡格法的AVL软件计算伸缩式翼梢小翼对飞机气动性能的影响,结果表明在起降、爬升阶段(0.3Ma,8°迎角),这种伸缩式翼梢小翼能使升力系数提高0.21%,诱导阻力系数降低0.57%,而翼根弯矩系数仅增加0.06%,因此这种伸缩式翼梢小翼具有改善飞机起降和爬升性能的潜力。     

等离子体环量控制作用机理的数值仿真

为了研究等离子体射流环量控制对翼型气动特性的作用机理、影响规律和控制效费比,基于等效体积力耦合雷诺平均N-S方程的数值计算方法进行仿真,研究了不同后缘半径、单组激励器位置及双组激励器布置方式对翼型气动特性和流场特性的影响规律。结果显示中等后缘半径,两组激励器反向对称布置在上下翼面优化位置时,环量控制效费比有显著提升。研究表明中等后缘半径翼型的后缘流体离心力和压力梯度相对平衡,等离子体射流带动上翼面外流发生偏折,增升效果较好。优化后双组激励器作用形成了等离子体射流的串联,有效诱导脱体尾涡向下翼面移动,分离点下移,环量和升力增加明显。研究结果为后续实验研究提供了理论基础。     

水平轴风力机专用翼型的数值模拟研究

根据当前计算流体动力学（CFD）数值模拟的研究,对风力机专用翼型S816的模型进行数值模拟,主要针对翼型的升阻特性、失速、流动分离等方面内容,研究了翼型升阻力系数随迎角的变化、翼型在非定常、定常数值模拟结果对比等因素对翼型气动特性的影响,并总结了相关规律。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.