超高相对分子质量聚乙烯纤维的表面粘结性能研究

在萃取阶段用表面改性剂溶液对超高相对分子质量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）冻胶纤维进行表面处理，然后经过多级热拉伸制得改性纤维。对萃取液进行了紫外吸光度分析，并对改性前后纤维的表面化学结构、力学性能和表面粘结性能进行了比较。结果表明；经表面处理的纤维表面引入许多极性基团，纤维粘结强度随拉伸倍数增加而提高，纤维粘结性能得到较大改善；表面处理对纤维的力学性能影响不大。其中EVA的改性效果最为明显，3级拉伸后纤维的粘结强度提高了100％．     

改性聚对苯撑苯并双噁唑纤维增强聚酰亚胺复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

分别采用稀土溶液（RES）和偶联剂对聚对苯撑苯并双噁唑（PBO）纤维进行表面改性处理,并评价了改性前后PBO与热塑性聚酰亚胺（TPI）复合材料的冲击性能和摩擦磨损性能.结果表明,RES和偶联剂都能够提高PBO纤维与TPI基体之间的界面结合性能,从而提高PBO/TPI复合材料的冲击性能和摩擦磨损性能,而且RES改性处理的方法更有效,在相同的试验条件下,经过RES处理的PBO/TPI复合材料的冲击性能和摩擦磨损性能最优.这是由于经RES改性处理后PBO纤维表面O/C的比率较大,表明RES改性处理PBO纤维表面的含氧活性官能团浓度较高,从而有效提高了纤维与树脂基体之间的结合性能.     

氢氧化镁表面改性及其在LDPE中的应用

采用表面改性剂对氢氧化镁颗粒进行表面改性，探讨了表面改性剂种类、用量对氢氧化镁颗粒表面性质的影响．结果表明：当多磷酸酯的质量分数为1％时，氢氧化镁的物理性质趋于最佳．进而将改性氢氧化镁与聚乙烯共混，其拉伸强度明显提高．     

稀土处理对碳纤维增强聚四氟乙烯复合材料拉伸性能的影响

采用空气氧化、空气氧化后稀土改性和稀土改性对碳纤维表面进行处理,并研究了3种表面处理对碳纤维增强聚四氟乙烯(CF/PTFE)复合材料拉伸性能的影响.探讨了稀土含量对于复合材料拉伸性能的影响,并运用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对复合材料拉伸试件的断口进行分析.结果表明:稀土处理能够有效地提高碳纤维与聚四氟乙烯基体的界面结合力,从而提高CF/PTFE复合材料的拉伸性能.当稀土元素在表面改性剂中的质量分数为0.3%时,CF/PTFE复合材料的拉伸性能最佳.     

表面改性对三种天然纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料拉伸性能的对比研究

采用氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH-550)、丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH-570)以及马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(MAPP)分别对纤维素、木屑和秸秆进行了表面改性处理,并分别制备了三种植物纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料,考察了复合材料的拉伸性能与改性方法、纤维类型及纤维含量的关系。结果表明,复合材料的拉伸强度随着纤维含量提高而降低;MAPP处理较硅烷偶联剂处理的纤维-基体界面粘接性能改善较大,其拉伸强度最大提高了50%,而断裂延伸率和断裂韧性也由于界面结合力提高而明显降低。     

改性滑石粉增强增韧聚丙烯研究

以柠檬酸为改性剂对滑石粉进行表面改性,将改性滑石粉与聚丙烯(PP)采用熔融共混方法制备出系列改性滑石粉/PP复合材料;通过红外吸收光谱、扫描电镜和冲击、拉伸性能实验等方法研究改性滑石粉对复合材料的内部微观形貌、力学性能以及流动性能的影响规律,结果表明:滑石粉经柠檬酸改性后能够明显改善与PP的相容性,促进滑石粉颗粒在PP基体中的均匀分散,从而实现复合材料的加工流动性能和冲击韧性、拉伸强度等力学性能的全面提高,同时增强增韧聚丙烯的作用。     

木纤维改性对聚氯乙烯/木纤维力学性能的影响

将木纤维先用一定质量分数的氢氧化钠(NaOH)溶液浸泡,再用硅烷偶联剂进行表面处理的两步改性方法,与只用硅烷偶联剂对木纤维进行表面改性相比,聚氯乙烯(PVC)/木纤维复合材料的界面黏合性提高,复合材料的力学性能如拉伸强度、冲击强度、断裂伸长率等有明显提高,改性效果显著     

纳米涂层在碳纤维/环氧基复合材料中的应用

该文研究纳米级氧化物涂层对碳纤维／环氧基复合材料的界面性能和耐热性能的影响。采用溶胶-凝胶法在碳纤维的表面涂覆了氧化铝和钇稳定的氧化锆(YSZ)涂层，透射电镜分析表明涂层中粒子的大小约为10nm。通过比较氧化物涂层前后碳纤维／环氧复合材料的力学性能发现，Al2O3和YSZ涂层后使复合材料的层间剪切强度分别提高了17．7％和52．0％，拉伸强度和弯曲强度也均稍有提高。且在碳纤维表面形成的A12O3或YSZ涂层在350～700℃能有效地减缓碳纤维环氧基复合材料的氧化失重速率。     

PBO纤维的基本性能实验研究

对PBO纤维的拉伸性能、耐热性等物理性能进行了实验测试,并与F-12 和Kevlar-49芳纶纤维进行了对比,对由PBO纤维与环氧树脂基体复合成型的单向纤维增强环形试样,测试了其拉伸强度、弹性模量和层间剪切强度,结果表明：PBO纤维股纱的拉伸强度比F-12和Kevlar-49分别高24.4%和52.8%以上,单向纤维复合材料的拉伸强度分别高约37.2%和92.8%,而热性也高约166℃,但PBO纤维与环氧树脂基体的界面粘结性很差,层间剪切强度仅为23-27MPa。     

氢氧化镁阻燃剂的改性及其对聚丙烯热分解行为和机械力学性能的影响

采用硬脂酸对氢氧化镁阻燃剂进行表面改性,考察了改性剂用量、改性时间和改性温度等因素对粉体改性效果的影响,并通过测定活化指数、吸油值、透光率等性能测试对改性结果进行表征,确定最佳改性工艺条件.对改性前后的氢氧化镁粉体进行红外光谱测定.将氢氧化镁与聚丙烯混合压板制成氢氧化镁/聚丙烯复合材料,测试复合材料和纯聚丙烯的热失重(TG),通过测试拉伸强度和冲击强度,考察了改性前后氢氧化镁对复合材料的机械力学性能的影响.实验结果表明:最佳改性条件为改性时间为90 min,改性温度为80℃,改性剂用量为4%;通过红外谱图对比可看出改性剂已很好的键合在氢氧化镁粉体表面上;通过纯聚丙烯和复合材料的TG对比,聚丙烯的热分解温度从290℃升高到380℃,比纯聚丙烯升高了90℃;改性氢氧化镁的添加虽降低了复合材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率,但复合材料的冲击强度由2. 09 kJ·m~(-2)上升到3. 23 kJ·m~(-2),比纯聚丙烯提高了54. 55%.     

玄武岩纤维布增强不同树脂基体复合材料的制备与力学性能

利用3种不同的制备工艺,成功制备了相同玄武岩纤维布含量但5种不同树脂基体的玄武岩纤维布增强树脂基复合材料.5种树脂基体包括热固性的环氧树脂、乙烯基酯、热塑性尼龙6、聚碳酸酯及ABS树脂.所制备的5种复合材料组织均匀致密,玄武岩纤维布分布特征相同.研究了玄武岩纤维布增强树脂基复合材料准静态拉伸和3点弯曲力学性能,探讨了树脂基体种类的变化对力学性能的影响规律.在此基础上,通过微观分析研究了玄武岩纤维布增强树脂基复合材料在准静态拉伸和3点弯曲加载条件下的破坏机制,并揭示了树脂基体种类的变化对力学性能影响的机理.      

VARTM制备麻纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料研究

通过对黄麻纤维热处理、碱处理、硅烷偶联剂处理和异氰酸酯处理进行表面改性,并对改性黄麻纤维布进行热压工艺处理,最后采用VARTM成型工艺制备黄麻纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料,并对其性能进行了系统研究.通过扫描电镜(SEM)分析表明,热处理和碱处理的黄麻纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料的界面粘结未得到明显改善,而通过硅烷偶联剂和异氰酸酯处理的黄麻纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料的界面粘结性能得到了显著的提高.将硅烷偶联剂和异氰酸酯处理的黄麻纤维布通过热压处理不仅可以增加复合材料中黄麻纤维体积含量,而且可以提高复合材料的综合性能,复合材料力学性能研究表明,经硅烷偶联剂处理后的黄麻纤维增强复合材料拉伸强度、模量和弯曲强度分别提高了18.6%,71.4%和50.2%.经异氰酸酯处理的黄麻纤维增强复合材料的拉伸强度、模量和弯曲强度分别提高了16.3%,34.0%和50.3%.     

碳纳米管增强环氧树脂基复合材料的制备及其力学性能

通过对多壁碳纳米管进行表面处理,用超声分散和模具浇注成型法制备了碳纳米管/环氧树脂纳米复合材料。研究了碳纳米管含量和表面处理对碳纳米管/环氧树脂复合材料力学性能和断面形貌的影响,分析了碳纳米管对环氧树脂的增强机理。结果表明,随着碳纳米管含量的增加,碳纳米管/环氧树脂复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度及模量先增加后减小;当碳纳米管的质量分数为0.5%时,复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和弯曲模量分别达到最大值69.8MPa、136.9MPa和3.72GPa,比纯环氧树脂提高了33.9%、29.3%和4.8%;当碳纳米管的质量分数为1.5%时,拉伸模量达到最大值2050.5MPa,比纯环氧树脂提高了7.3%。     

植物纤维与聚乳酸制备生物质复合材料的研究

本文研究了以植物纤维与聚乳酸为原料制备生物质复合材料的工艺,探讨不同加工方式、纤维种类和添加量对植物纤维/聚乳酸复合材料拉伸性能及透湿性的影响,并利用扫描电镜对复合材料进行表征。研究结果表明:复合材料采用熔融挤出加工方式比物理混合的性能好,而蔗渣纤维作为填料是较好的选择;同时,当植物纤维添加量低于20%时,随着添加量的增加,材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率随之下降。     

Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Apocynum and Ramie Fiber Mat Reinforced Polylactic Acid Composites

With the increasing awareness of environmental protection and rational utilization of resources, natural fiber reinforced composites have shown broad development prospects. Apocynum fiber, known as the "king of wild fiber", not only has moisture absorption, air permeability, and good mechanical properties but also has many health-related advantages such as antibacterial properties. In this study, four types of needle-punched Apocynum fiber and ramie fiber mat reinforced polylactic acid(PLA) composites were fabricated. Mechanical and thermal properties of the composites were tested and analyzed. The results showed that compared with those of the ramie fiber finish needle-punched mat reinforced composites, the tensile strength and the tensile modulus of Apocynum fiber finish needle-punched mat reinforced composites had increased by 15.3% and 60.1%, respectively. In comparison, the bending strength and the bending modulus were decreased by 21.8% and 7.6%, respectively. Moreover, compared with the Apocynum fiber finish needled-punched mat reinforced composites and the ramie fiber finish needle-punched mat reinforced composites, the Apocynum 50/ramie 50 finish needle-punched mat reinforced composites had the best tensile and bending properties. The after-fracture morphology was detected by a scanning electron microscope(SEM). The thermal properties of the composites were also characterized. It was found that the thermal properties of the four types of composites showed very similar behaviors.     

T-800碳纤维湿法缠绕用环氧树脂基体研究

针对制备高性能碳纤维缠绕复合材料的要求,以TDE-85树脂为主体树脂、AG-80树脂为添加树脂,选用混合芳香胺固化剂,研究了一种适合于T-800碳纤维复合材料缠绕成型的树脂基体。结果表明,该树脂的黏度和适用期可满足湿法缠绕成型工艺要求,其浇铸体具有优异的耐热性能与机械性能,而其制备的T-800碳纤维复合材料界面粘接好,缠绕强力环层间剪切强度达到81MPa、拉伸强度高于2500MPa,适合T-800碳纤维的湿法缠绕成型。     

Effects of Fiber Volume Fraction on Damping Properties of Three-Dimensional and Five-Directional Braided Composites

The effects of fiber volume fraction on damping properties of carbon fiber three-dimensional and five-directional( 3D-5Dir)braided carbon fiber / epoxyres in composite cantilever beams were studied by experimental modal analysis method. Meanwhile,carbon fiber plain woven laminated / epoxy resin composites with different fiber volume fraction were concerned for comparison. The experimental result of braided specimens shows that the first three orders of natural frequency increase and the first three orders of the damping ratios of specimens decrease, when the fiber volume fraction increases. Furthermore,larger fiber volume fraction will be valuable for the better anti-exiting property of braided composites,and get an opposite effect on dissipation of vibration energy. The fiber volume fraction is an important factor for vibration performance design of braided composites. The comparison between the braided specimens and laminated specimens reveals that 3D braided composites have a wider range of damping properties than laminated composites with the same fiber volume fractions.     

Adhesion of PBO Fiber in Epoxy Composites

The high mechanical and thermal performance of poly p-phenylene- 2, 6-benzobisoxazole ( PBO ) fiber provides great potential applications as reinforcement fibers for composites. A composite of PBO fiber and epoxy resin has excellent electrical insulation properties, therefore, it is considered to be the best choice for the reinforcement in high magnetic field coils for pulsed magnetic fields up to 100 T.However, poor adhesion between PBO fiber and matrix is found because of the chemically inactive and/or relatively smooth surface of the reinforcement fiber preventing efficient chemical bonding in the interface, which is a challenging issue to improve mechanical properties. Here, we report the surface modification of PBO fibers by ultraviolet (UV)irradiation, O2 and NH3 plasma, as well as acidic treatments. The interfacial adhesion strength values of all the treatments show the similar level as determined for aramid fibers by pull-out tests, a significant impact on fibermatrix-adhesion was not achieved. The surface free energy and roughness are increased for both sized and extracted fibers after plasma treatments together with maleic anhydride grafting. The sized fiber shows marginal improvement in adhesion strength and no change in fiber tensile strength because of the barrier effect of the finish.For the extracted fiber, different surface treatments either show no apparent effect or cause reduction in adhesion strength. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) topography analysis of the fracture surfaces proved adhesive failure at the fiber surface. The fiber surface roughness is increased and more surface flaws are induced, which could result in coarse interface structures when the treated fiber surface has no adequate wetting and functional groups. The adhesion failure is further confirmed by similar adhesion strength and compression shear strength values when the fiber was embedded in various epoxy resins with different temperature behavior. The tensile strength of fiber is sensitive to surface treatment conditions as revealed by a bimodal Weibull statistical distribution analysis. Considerable strength reduction occurred, particularly for cases of acidic and plasma treatments, while UV irradiation shows the better ability to retain fiber strength.