外刊要论

“基地”组织的媒体战略M arc Lynch(威廉姆斯大学政治学副教授)《国家利益》2006年春季刊美国《国家利益》杂志社出版“基地”组织很早就意识到并利用了卫星电视和互联网在宣传方面的优势。在遭受重击转入“地下”分散行动后,“基地”组织的信息交流和政治宣传更得益于这些影响面广泛的媒体。“基地”组织的媒体战略服务于其政治目标,即彰显伊斯兰属性,鼓动伊斯兰世界与西方对立。它要影响的对象不仅包括“圣战者”,还包括阿拉伯世界的普通穆斯林,希望获得普通大众的支持。随着“基地”老三扎卡维的崛起,“基地”组织对媒体的利用有了新的…     

伊斯兰潮:困顿与突围

目前在西方国家中有一种说法很流行,认为代表伊斯兰的“绿色”正在全球蔓延,并对西方的价值观念和西方世界的稳定构成了日益严重的威胁。穆斯林认为,伊斯兰在经历了几个世纪的衰落之后,正在走上复兴之路……现实的情况是,伊斯兰教作为一种意识形态和文化传统,正日益成为一种对当代世界格局,对国际政治具有重要影响的力量。     

波黑烽火中的伊斯兰影子

波黑内战开始以来,国内舆论尤其是西方新闻媒介大量绘声绘色地报道波黑清真寺被毁,波黑穆斯林正遭到塞尔维亚人的摧残,他们伤亡惨重,流离失所,大批沦为国际难民。这些报道在伊斯兰世界引起强烈反响。伊斯兰国家组织多次召开会议声援波黑穆斯林。在印度尼西亚召开的不结盟国家首脑会议上,伊斯兰国家积极要求把南斯拉夫联盟共和国(包括塞尔维亚共和国和黑山共和国)开除出不结盟运动。一些伊斯兰国家为支持波黑穆斯林而宣布断绝同南斯拉夫联盟     

来自伊斯兰原教旨主义的挑战

有关伊斯兰原教旨主义(Islamic Fundamen-talism)的情况,是最近10多年来国际社会广为重视的话题。一般来说,伊斯兰原教旨主义泛指穆斯林世界重返“麦地那”的思潮,它认为现代社会已经彻底背离了伊斯兰的理想,并把近代伊斯兰世界的衰落和被欺凌归结为没有按照早期伊斯兰教纯洁的教义行事。因此它宣称要用伊斯兰原旨教义规范穆斯林社会,重建伊斯兰国家,并把古兰经及圣训     

穆斯林的另外一面

今后的几年里，温和的穆斯林将在同西方关系中扮演重要角色，但目前伊斯兰世界学者关心的问题是，温和的穆斯林能不能保证中东局势稳定。著名伊斯兰教学者阿里·卡尔达维认为，     

西方传教士对近代中国伊斯兰教的认知

近代西方传教士进入中国不久就发现了生活在那里的一个"独特的"穆斯林群体,并对其投入了极大的关注和兴趣,开始了解、研究这一群体及其信仰——中国伊斯兰教。他们考证了伊斯兰教传入中国的时间,整理了中国伊斯兰教文献,在与阿訇和毛拉的接触中也形成了他们对这些中国伊斯兰教宗教职业者的认识。这些共同构建了西方传教士对近代中国伊斯兰教的初步认知。尽管西方传教士了解和研究中国伊斯兰教的直接目的是出于传教,但他们的研究开启了近代西人研究中国伊斯兰教和回族穆斯林的先河。     

欧洲穆斯林:历史与现状

9.11事件的发生及随后国际社会反恐行动的开展,把世界的目光聚焦在伊斯兰极端恐怖势力赖以存身的穆斯林世界。然而,人们对穆斯林世界的认识也仅限于恐怖分子较为猖獗的中东、中亚、南亚与东南亚地区,而对表现较为温和的欧洲穆斯林却缺乏必要的了解。进入欧洲“三步曲”伊斯兰教兴起后不久,穆斯林便开始进入欧洲。随     

奥巴马的外交（二）——中东和平进程的启动步履维艰

在小布什政府时期，美国与穆斯林世界的关系大成问题。虽然小布什政府花费了相当大的力气在穆斯林世界从事公众外交，但由于在其任内忽视了巴以和平进程，在反恐中又不够注意策略，加之一贯的口无遮拦，甚至一度使用了“伊斯兰法西斯主义”的说法。穆斯林世界对布什政府疑虑甚深，反美主义十分强烈。     

“悲情效应”下的全球反恐

<正>西方国家是以基督教文明为主的,而中东地区依托的是伊斯兰文明。所以西方在中东反恐反得越狠,对穆斯林世界(包括欧美的穆斯林移民后裔)来说,"悲情效应"就越强烈,就会有越多的人起来反对西方。这就是为什么奥巴马在华盛顿反恐峰会上特别强调反恐不能和伊斯兰教联系起来的原因所在。但是他越强调这个问题,就越说明这个问题的严重性。     

伊斯兰世界

伊斯兰国家又称穆斯林国家,通常是指国内穆斯林超过总人口的半数,或穆斯林人口虽未过半但伊斯兰文化占主导地位的国家。全世界共有50多个伊斯兰国家。这些国家主要分布在西亚、北非和东南亚一带。此外,在70多个非伊斯兰国家还散居着大量穆斯林。可以说,世界各大洲的几乎每一个角落都有穆斯林居住。据伊斯兰最高级会议1988年初公布的数字,全世界共有穆斯林9.269亿。作为与基督教和佛教并列的世界三大宗教之一,伊斯兰教徒人数仅次于基督教,为世界第二大宗教。伊斯兰教由阿拉伯半岛麦加人穆罕默德创建于公元7世纪初,到8世纪初已发展成为地跨欧亚非三洲的世界性宗教,进入20世纪,在西欧、北美和南美等地区也得到传播和发展。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with