替加氟-层状双金属氢氧化物纳米杂化物的制备及缓释性能研究

采用共沉淀法制备了非离子型抗癌药物替加氟-LDHs纳米杂化物,依据替加氟分子大小和替加氟-LDHs的通道高度推测出替加氟分子是沿长轴方向垂直于层板以重叠双层方式排列于LDHs层间。药物释放研究表明,替加氟-LDHs纳米杂化物具有明显的缓释效果,表明是有发展潜力的新型药物控释体系。在pH=7.2的缓冲溶液中的释放速率明显低于pH=4.8的缓冲溶液,而在纯水(pH=5.65)中的释放速率明显低于缓冲溶液;释放动力学过程符合准二级动力学方程。     

环丙沙星-层状双氢氧化物纳米杂化材料制备及缓释性能研究

以环丙沙星(Cip)为模型药物,以Mg-Al层状双氢氧化物(LDHs)为主体材料,经剥离-重组技术制备了Cip-LDHs纳米杂化物,对产物分别进行粉末X-射线衍射、红外、元素分析和热重等表征,表明Cip已重组于LDHs层间.文章考察了Cip-LDHs纳米杂化物的药物释放行为,探讨了药物释放机理,结果表明该杂化材料在Cip缓释性能方面有较大提高,为LDHs作为高载药量药物载体提供了一定的科学依据.     

逐步法制备Mg-Al-LDHs与有机-LDHs的插层组装体

通过控制铝组分在溶液中的形态，采用逐步控制的方法制备了Mg-Al-LDHs，经过离子交换，制备了benzoic-LDHs、o-aminobenzoic．LDHs和o-hydroxybenzoic-LDHs。在控制过程中，铝的羟基配合物在室温下与Mg^2＋和OH^-共沉淀生成LDHs，XRD图谱显示生成的LDHs晶相单一、结晶良好，有机-LDHs保持了层状结构。     

逐步法制备Mg-Al-LDHs与有机-LDHs的插层组装体

通过控制铝组分在溶液中的形态,采用逐步控制的方法制备了Mg-Al-LDHs,经过离子交换,制备了benzoic-LDHs、o-aminobenzoic-LDHs和o-hydroxybenzoic-LDHs。在控制过程中,铝的羟基配合物在室温下与Mg2 和OH-共沉淀生成LDHs,XRD图谱显示生成的LDHs晶相单一、结晶良好,有机-LDHs保持了层状结构。     

一种基于柔性双(吡啶)-双(酰胺)配体和Keggin型多酸的杂化物的合成及性能

利用水热合成技术设计合成了一种基于柔性双(吡啶)-双(酰胺)配体和Keggin型多酸阴离子[PW_(12)O_(40)]~(3-)的有机-无机杂化物[(H_2bpah)2(PW_(11)~ⅥW~VO_(40))]·2H_2O(1)(bpah=N,N'-双(3-吡啶酰胺基)-1,6-己烷),并通过红外光谱和单晶X-射线衍射对杂化物的结构进行了表征.此杂化物的结构单元是由质子化的双(吡啶)-双(酰胺)配体H_2bpah、Keggin型多阴离子[PW_(11)~ⅥW~VO_(40)]~(4-)和结晶水分子组成的,离散的H_2bpah和[PW_(11)~ⅥW~VO_(40)]~(4-)间通过氢键作用拓展成三维超分子网络结构.标题杂化物修饰碳糊电极可以有效电催化还原亚硝酸钾和过氧化氢,而且此杂化物在紫外光照射下可以光催化降解有机染料分子亚甲基蓝和罗丹明B.     

诺氟沙星柱撑水滑石抗生素药物体外释放性能的研究

采用共沉淀法,以Mg2A1-N0,-LDHs为主体,利用水滑石层问阴离子的可交换性,通过离子交换法合成诺氟沙星柱撑水滑石。讨论了诺氟沙星柱撑水滑石在不同pH值条件下的体外释放效果。采用FT／IR、XRD、SEM技术对产物的结构进行了表征,采用TG-DSC技术对产物的热稳定性进行研究,同时通过紫外一可见分光光度计和片剂四用测定仪检测其体外释放效果。诺氟沙星阴离子被插入水滑石层间,其在pH=8．4时有较好的释放效果。结果表明,水滑石是很好的药物载体。     

丙酸和乳酸插层的LDHs制备及其载碳量比较

在模拟体系下,采用共沉淀法分别合成了丙酸、乳酸以及二者组成的混酸插层的层状双金属氢氧化物(layered double hydroxides,LDHs).X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction,XRD)图谱和傅里叶红外(Fourier transform infrared,FTIR)光谱分析结果表明,3种LDHs样品均符合Ni/Fe-LDH的结构特征,并且丙酸和乳酸都成功插层进入LDHs层间.C_2H_5COOLDH和C_2H_5COO-C_3H_5O_3-LDH层间丙酸的载碳量分别为(2.38±0.07)和(2.27±0.05) mmol/g LDH,C_3H_5O_3-LDH和C_2H_5COO-C_3H_5O_3-LDH层间乳酸的载碳量分别为(1.57±0.04)和(0.84±0.03) mmol/g LDH.这表明无论是单酸还是混酸插层的LDHs,丙酸都比乳酸的插层效果好.     

农药在植物表面上释放过程的研究

研究农药在植物表面上的释放机理,建立农药释放的物理模型.分析不同机理控制下的介质移动和农药释放过程,对农药的由溶出机制控制的恒速释放药现象进行了解释.研究表明,农药与水介质移动速率的相对大小是控制农药扩散释放机理的主要因素.当水介质界面的移动速率大于农药通过凝胶层的速率时,农药的移动在整个过程中起决定作用;反之,界面层的移动在整个过程中起决定作用.当农药的移动速率和界面的移动速率即到达凝胶层时的速率相等时,两者共同发挥作用.     

LDHs对碱激发矿渣模拟孔隙液中钢筋Cl-腐蚀的影响

为揭示硝酸根与亚硝酸根插层镁铝层状双氢氧化物(MgAl-NO3 LDHs、MgAl-NO2 LDHs)在碱激发矿渣模拟孔隙液中对钢筋Cl-腐蚀的影响,采用等温吸附、自腐蚀电位、电化学阻抗谱、动电位极化方法对比研究了焙烧还原法所制MgAl-NO3 LDHs、MgAl-NO2 LDHs的Cl-吸附与对钢筋的阻锈性能,并利用X射线衍射(XRD)和傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)观察了MgAl-NO3 LDHs、MgAl-NO2 LDHs吸附Cl-前后微结构的变化.结果表明:MgAl-NO3 LDHs、MgAl-NO2 LDHs在碱激发矿渣模拟孔隙液中的Cl-饱和吸附量分别为31.312、30.878 mg/g,与在水泥模拟孔隙液中的Cl-饱和吸附量相比更低,但其pH值降幅较小;MgAl-NO3 LDHs在碱激发矿渣模拟孔隙液中对钢筋的缓蚀效率为81.8％,优于在水泥模拟孔隙液中对钢筋的缓蚀效率40.3％,且MgAl-NO2 LDHs的缓蚀效率相比MgAl-NO3 LDHs更高.不同层间、竞争性阴离子的交换是导致MgAl-NO3 LDHs、MgAl-NO2 LDHs在不同模拟孔隙液中对钢筋Cl-腐蚀的缓蚀效果优劣的主要原因.     

柠檬酸柱撑水滑石的制备及结构表征

首先采用一定方法合成了水滑石锌铝碳酸根双氢氧化物(Zn2A l-CO3-LDHs)及镁铝碳酸根双氢氧化物(Mg2A l-CO3-LDHs),并通过用粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(IR)等手段对产物的结构进行了表征。接着以水滑石锌铝碳酸根双氢氧化物(Zn2A l-CO3-LDHs)及镁铝碳酸根双氢氧化物(Mg2A l-CO3-LDHs)为前体,以乙二醇为介质,用离子交换法制备了柠檬酸柱撑层状双氢氧化物(Zn2A l-C6H7O7-LDHs和Mg2A l-C6H7O7-LDHs),并用粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(IR)等测试技术对样品进行了表征。结果表明,C6H7O7-可以完全取代水滑石层间的CO32-柱撑水滑石具有良好的层状结构。     

聚-γ-谷氨酸包覆介孔分子筛MCM-41控释体系研究

用硅酸酯水解法制备了孔径为3 nm的MCM-41作为烯效唑载体,采用负压浸渍法载药.用XRD、BET、TEM、SEM、TG等仪器对包覆体系进行了表征分析.用低平均分子量γ-PGA(M.W.≈9180 Da)包覆负载药物的纳米粒子,形成控释体系.在不同乙醇-PBSaq溶液中,对不同控释体系的控释效应进行了探究.通过零级释放、一级释放、Higuchi和Rigter-Peppas释放动力学模型的拟合探究控释体系的药物控释机理.分析结果表明：烯效唑在MCM-41外表面及孔道内均有吸附,负压浸渍法能有效促使烯效唑分子进入3 nm孔道内部,以单分子层的吸附为主;在聚乙烯亚胺作用下,制得包覆壳层厚度均一、分散性较好的MCM-41@γ-PGA纳米控释体系;未包覆的载药体系的药物释放不满足零级释放、一级释放和Higuchi模型,但满足Rigter-Peppas释放动力学模型,遵循Fick扩散机理.     

Novel layered pesticide slow/controlled release materials——supramolecular structure and slow release property of glyphosate intercalated layered double hydroxides

Two different interlayer structured glyphosate(GLY) intercalated MgAI layered double hydroxides, as novel pesticide slow/controlled release materials, have been synthesized by co-precipitation method under various reaction pH values. The slow/controlled release properties have been tested in Na2CO3 aqueous solution. The release mechanism has been interpreted on the basis of the ion-exchange between the guest GLY anions in the lamellar host and CO3^2- in the release media, and the diffusion process of GLY anions in the interstice and interlayer of GLY intercalates, i.e.diffusion through the particles, is the rate-limiting step of GLY release process. The GLY intercalate assembled at lower pH, possessing higher interlayer gallery height and vertical monolayered arrangement of guest anions in the interlayer with larger packing density, exhibits better slow release property than that assembled at higher pH. The results reveal that the layered double hydroxides have potential application in the pesticide slow/controlled release area.     

Polymerization reaction in restricted space of layered double hydroxides （LDHs）

This paper reported the preparation of styrene sulfonate intercalated layered double hydroxides (LDHs)material, SS-LDHs by coprecipitation method, followed by in-situ polymerization of the monomers in the interlayer space of LDHs. The polymerization reaction was monitored by UV and NMR. It is confirmed that when the reaction occurred at 100℃ for 24 h, part of monomers did not react. When the reaction was carried out at 150~C, the polymerization of the intercalated monomers is complete to afford the polymer intercalated product PSS-LDHs. During the polymerization process, the layered structure remains well. At the same time the gallery height increases with the lengthening of reaction time. This is preliminarily because that the PSS becomes more swelling with the amount of water it absorbs due to its hygroscopicity property.     

哒螨酮在甲醇中的光解

以氙灯为光源，农药哒螨酮在甲醇溶剂中的光解动力学符合一级动力学规律，通空气对哒螨酮的光解速率影响不大，而通氮气时可明显促进其光解，产物分析表明，哒螨酮在甲醇中光解断裂碳硫键，生成对叔丁基苯乙烷－2特丁基－4－巯基－4－氯哒嗪－3－醇，前可进一步氧化成对叔丁基苯甲酸和对叔丁基苯甲酸甲酯。     

Preparation and characterization of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane grafted montmorillonite and acid-activated montmorillonite

3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane grafted montmorillonites were synthesized with montmorillonite, acidactivated montmorillonites and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane in ethanol-water mixture. The resulting products were investigated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TG). XRD patterns demonstrated that silane was intercalated into the montmorillonite gallery, indicated by increasing basal spacings. These intercalated silanes probably adopt bilay...     

乐果、克螨特和哒螨灵对女贞瘤瘿螨的室内毒力测定

室内条件下采用浸渍法分别测定了40％乐果、73％克螨特和15％哒螨灵对女贞瘤瘿螨的毒力。结果表明,3种药剂对女贞瘤瘿螨毒力有明显差异,顺序为哒螨灵EC〉克螨特EC〉乐果EC。其中哒螨灵LC50为0．2126mg·L-1,克螨特LC50为24．6787mg·L-1,乐果LC50为160．7492mg·L-1。而哒螨灵在浓...     

Structure, flame retarding and smoke suppressing properties of Zn-Mg-Al-CO3 layered double hydroxides

Zn-Mg-Al-CO3 layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have been synthesized by a new method involving separate nucleation and aging steps. The Zn-Mg-Al-CO3 LDHs were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, ICP and TG-DTA. The limiting oxygen index and smoke density of composites of the LDHs with EVA-28 were determined. Incorporation of Zn^2 in the layers of the LDHs was found promoting material charring and smoke suppression. The mechanism of flame retardation and smoke suppression is discussed. The results show that Zn-Mg-Al-CO3 LDHs have better flam eretarding and smoke suppressing effects than Mg-Al-CO3 LDHs.     

高强化活塞内冷油腔振荡传热特性的场协同分析

为研究高强化活塞内冷油腔振荡强化传热机理,应用场协同理论对活塞内冷油腔中机油的振荡流动与传热过程进行分析.采用CFD软件Fluent模拟椭圆形油腔和水滴形油腔内机油的速度场、温度场的分布,得到2种结构油腔的平均场协同数和协同角余弦值在不同工况下的变化规律.结果表明,场协同理论能够很好地解释活塞内冷油腔的振荡强化传热性能...     

22种含氮农药分子中的基团个数与其高效液相色谱相对响应值的关系研究

使用ODS-C18(5μm)为固定相的150mm×4.6 mm(i.d.)的不锈钢柱,甲醇-水流动相,进行22种氯基酸酯类和酰胺类农药(速灭威、异丙威、多菌灵、霜脲氰、仲丁威、敌稗、克百威、抗蚜威、禾草丹、甲草胺、乙草胺、恶霜灵、甲霜灵、异丙甲草胺、腐霉利、苯菌灵、丁草胺、异菌脲、甲基硫菌灵、哒螨灵、咪鲜胺、吡嘧磺隆)的高效液相色谱测定。同时采用多元线性拟合法求出这些农药分子中16种基团的个数与其高效液相色谱相对响应值关系的回归方程,得到方程的计算值与实验测定值一致的结果。