深层块状特稠油油藏蒸汽吞吐后期转换开发方式研究

以W油藏为研究对象,应用数值模拟方法对深层特稠油油藏蒸汽吞吐后期转换开发方式进行研究。研究结果表明,该油藏适合双水平井重力泄水辅助蒸汽驱开发,最佳注采参数为：注汽速度240t/d,采注比1.2,井底干度大于50%。该成果对深层稠油油藏吞吐后期进一步提高采收率具有重要指导意义。     

海上稠油油藏井组蒸汽吞吐参数优选研究

为优化海上稠油油藏井组蒸汽吞吐相关参数,以渤海海域某稠油区块一井组为研究对象,充分考虑海上稠油热采配套工艺特点,以稠油热采数值模拟理论为基础,运用油藏数值模拟软件研究水平井长度、注采参数及注蒸汽顺序与时机对海上稠油蒸汽吞吐开发效果的影响。结果表明:该井组蒸汽吞吐开采时合理的水平井长度为300 m;合理的注采参数为第一周期注汽强度20 t/m,周期注汽量递增率为15%,注汽速度为250 m3/d,井底蒸汽干度为0.5,蒸汽温度为340℃,焖井时间为5 d,产液速度为200 m3/d;先注控制储量较高的井排,再注控制储量较低的井排且井排叠合率为0时蒸汽吞吐开发效果最好。     

海上M稠油油田吞吐后续转驱开发方案研究

针对目前渤海地下原油黏度大于350 mPa·s的非常规稠油水驱采收率较低,且考虑到吞吐轮次及平台寿命的问题,开展吞吐后续转驱开发方式研究。以海上M稠油油田为例,利用油藏数值模拟方法对蒸汽吞吐转蒸汽驱、热水驱及多元热流体吞吐转多元热流体驱、热水驱等4种转驱方式的转驱时机及注采参数进行优化设计及对比分析。结果表明,蒸汽吞吐转蒸汽驱开发效果最好,多元热流体吞吐转多元热流体驱略差。蒸汽驱最优注入参数为：转驱压力5 MPa左右,采注比1.3,井底蒸汽干度0.4,注入温度340℃,注汽速度240 m³/d。     

蒸汽吞吐井流入动态研究

根据蒸汽吞吐井的生产特征,建立了广义注入动态的合理性边界条件,确定了其涵盖性特征。以油藏数值模拟为手段,对蒸汽吞吐井弹性开采过程中注汽的敏感属于 进行了分析,结果表明周期注汽量,蒸汽干度和采液速度是影响蒸汽吞吐效果的主要因素。     

超稠油直井-水平井组合蒸汽辅助重力泄油物理和数值模拟

研究了中深层超稠油油藏在直井蒸汽吞吐中后期,用直井注汽水平井采油的方式转蒸汽辅助重力泄油（steam as-sisted gravity drainage,SAGD）开发的机理。应用高温高压比例物理模拟方法,研究了水平井布于直井斜下方时SAGD蒸汽腔的形成和扩展过程。结果表明,转SAGD的初期以蒸汽驱动作用为主并逐步向重力泄油作用过渡,并可划分为蒸汽吞吐预热、驱替泄油、稳定泄油、衰竭开采4个开采阶段。利用数值模拟优选了布井方式、井网井距、水平井段长度、转SAGD时机和注采参数。该模拟方法在辽河油田杜84块超稠油油藏开发中取得了较好的现场试验效果。     

超稠油直井-水平井组合蒸汽辅助重力泄油物理和数值模拟

研究了中深层超稠油油藏在直井蒸汽吞吐中后期,用直井注汽水平井采油的方式转蒸汽辅助重力泄油(steam as-sisted gravity drainage,SAGD)开发的机理.应用高温高压比例物理模拟方法,研究了水平井布于直井斜下方时SAGD蒸汽腔的形成和扩展过程.结果表明,转SAGD的初期以蒸汽驱动作用为主并逐步向重力泄油作用过渡,并可划分为蒸汽吞吐预热、驱替泄油、稳定泄油、衰竭开采4个开采阶段.利用数值模拟优选了布井方式、井网井距、水平井段长度、转SAGD时机和注采参数.该模拟方法在辽河油田杜84块超稠油油藏开发中取得了较好的现场试验效果.     

提高注汽干度对稠油热采效果的改善

江37区块的原油在油层温度下的粘度为18600.0mPa.s,属于典型的稠油。由于原油粘度高,通常采用蒸汽吞吐的方式开采原油,其原理是通过蒸汽加热原油来降低其降粘,增加其流动性,从而从油层中开采出来。本文主要通过几口井的几轮蒸汽吞吐效果对比,来分析注入蒸汽的干度对稠油热采的影响。     

蒸汽辅助重力泄油开采油砂技术影响因素分析

蒸汽辅助重力泄油(Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage,SAGD)作为一种高效经济的稠油开采技术,现已逐步应用于油砂矿的开采。主要阐述了SAGD技术的原理和特点,针对影响SAGD生产效果的油砂矿藏自身特点和注采工艺参数因素进行详细的讨论,并对未来的应用前景进行了一些展望。     

化学就地生热提高注蒸汽井井底干度可行性分析

蒸汽吞吐开采技术在国内外均有广泛应用,但工艺中存在设备参数难以控制、蒸汽运输过程中热损失大和注蒸汽成本高等缺点,导致注入井底的蒸汽干度大大降低,传递到井底的热量波及面积小,驱油效果差。针对以上问题,依据硝酸钠,氯化铵和尿素在弱酸环境下反应放热的原理,提出一种井底增干剂。该增干剂不仅在井底放出热量,提升井底干度,而且反应产生的无污染气体还能作为驱动力辅助驱油。最后,将此方法应用在实例中,证明了该设计的可行性。     

蒸汽辅助重力驱油举升井筒工况模拟计算

注蒸汽热采是稠油开采的一种有效手段 ,蒸汽辅助重力驱油 (SAGD)技术则是水平井及注蒸汽工艺技术在稠油开采中的具体运用。采用数值积分法对井眼轨迹进行了计算 ,应用多相流体力学和传热学原理 ,通过对气液两相流体在倾斜井筒中总传热系数方程式、热传导方程式和能量平衡方程式的求解 ,建立了井筒工况的计算模型 ,将其编成计算软件并对辽河油田第一口SAGD举升井筒工况进行了模拟计算。与实测结果对比 ,表明该理论是正确的 ,其结果将为辽河油田SAGD举升工艺方案设计提供理论依据。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.