LHβmRNA在文昌鱼脑和哈氏窝的定位及其表达

为确定存在干脑和哈氏窝的脊椎动物促进性腺激素样物质是由自身合成的还是有其他来源,用地高辛标记的黄体素β亚单位核糖核酸（LHβmRNA）探针对文昌鱼脑和哈氏窝进行原位杂交组织化学研究,结果发现LHβmRNA能够在文昌鱼脑的神经细胞和哈氏窝上皮细胞表达,这在分子水平上为哈氏窝与脊椎动物垂体同源以及为促性腺激素功能的演化提供了新证据。     

文昌鱼内柱结构与功能及其神经内分泌调节

用组织学和组织化学方法详细研究了不同性腺发育时期的文昌鱼内柱的组织结构,并用鼠抗人甲状腺球蛋白(Tg)和鼠抗人促甲状腺激素(TSH)单克隆抗体对内柱、哈氏窝和脑泡进行免疫细胞化学定位.研究结果除证实前人将文昌鱼内柱分为6个带以及内柱5带是甲状腺激素细胞外,还发现3带也能够合成和分泌甲状腺素.另外,哈氏窝上皮细胞和脑泡中神经细胞均对TSH抗体发生免疫阳性反应,且反应强度与性腺发育周期相关.研究结果为证明文昌鱼内柱中甲状腺激素细胞的分泌活动可能受哈氏窝和脑泡所分泌的TSH调节这一假设提供了形态学证据.     

促生长激素样免疫活性细胞和生长抑素受体在文昌鱼(Branchiostoma belcheri)神经系统和哈氏窝的分布

用免疫组织化学与双标记染色技术对文昌鱼神经系统和哈氏窝进行生长激素(GH)和生长抑素受体(SSTR)免疫组织化学定位.研究结果显示,神经系统和哈氏窝均存在生长激素样免疫活性神经细胞和内分泌细胞及生长抑素3种亚型受体,且脑泡GH样免疫活性神经细胞和哈氏窝GH样细胞均与3种亚型生长抑素受体共存.这些结果证明了文昌鱼可能建立类似脊椎动物原始的抑制哈氏窝分泌生长激素的调控系统,为哈氏窝内分泌学及其进化提供了新的证据.     

促生长激素样免疫活性细胞和生长抑素受体在文昌鱼（Branchiostoma belcheri）神经系统和哈氏窝的分布

用免疫组织化学与双标记染色技术对文昌鱼神经系统和哈氏窝进行生长激素（GH）和生长抑素受体（SSTR）免疫组织化学定位.研究结果显示，神经系统和哈氏窝均存在生长激素样免疫活性神经细胞和内分泌细胞及生长抑素3种亚型受体，且脑泡GH样免疫活性神经细胞和哈氏窝GH样细胞均与3种亚型生长抑素受体共存.这些结果证明了文昌鱼可能建立类似脊椎动物原始的抑制哈氏窝分泌生长激素的调控系统，为哈氏窝内分泌学及其进化提供了新的证据.     

R0-代数的R0-语义集上的拓扑

以Ω_M记R₀-代数M到R0-单位区间的全体赋值之集. 证明一个同构于一族全序的至多可数的R₀-代数的直积的子R₀-代数M是赋值决定序的， 即x≤y当且仅当v∈Ω_M， v(x)≤v(y). 然后通过一种自然的方式在Ω_M上引入Fuzzy拓扑δ，研究拓扑δ及其相应的截拓扑的性质. 建立R₀-代数的Fuzzy拓扑表现定理和Loomis-Sikorski定理.     

南极Fildes半岛CH4浓度监测

在南极法尔兹半岛(FildesPeninsula)6个环境小区内采集了近地面气体样品,在室内分析了其中223个样品的CH4浓度,得出了这些小区内大气CH₄平均浓度;其中沿海潮间带藻类分布区、企鹅聚集区和人类活动区CH₄浓度显著高于全球CH₄平均浓度及其他无人区,表明这些区域可能是南极地区大气CH₄主要的源;而苔藓、地衣植被区CH₄浓度显著低于内陆冰盖区和全球大气CH4平均浓度,表明苔原植被区可能是南极大气CH₄重要的汇.还分析了苔藓植被区CH₄浓度的夏季变化,在夏季2个多月内该植被区CH₄浓度呈上升趋势;在相同的天气条件下,苔藓与地衣两不同植被区CH₄浓度变化趋势基本相同;但两者土壤CH₄通量存在明显的消长关系.     

Density functional theory study of the reaction paths of reactions of CH3C(O)O2 radicals with HO2 in the gas phase

A DFT study on the reactions between CH₃C(O)O₂ and HO₂ radicals has been carried out. It is suggested that both the triplet and singlet potential surfaces involve a complex mechanism with the formation of loosely bound intermediate complexes of reactants and products. The reaction prefers to occur on the triplet surface to produce peracetic acid (CH₃C(O)O₂H) and triplet O₂ molecule. The CH₃C(O)O₂H can further convert into CH₃C(O)O and HO radicals.     

铀氧化物基固体酸的制备及其催化乙醇脱水性能的研究

铀氧化物由于具有独特的电子结构和多种价态之间可以相互转换的特点,在催化领域可望有广阔的应用前景。本文通过(NH₄)₂S₂O₈浸渍重铀酸铵,调变UO₃的表面酸性,制备了系列铀氧化物固体酸催化剂,初步评价了它们催化乙醇脱水制乙烯反应的性能。实验结果表明,S₂O2－₈的引入会促进β-UO₃向α-U₃O₈的转变,适宜的焙烧处理可使其表面酸位密度提高一个数量级。焙烧温度550 ℃,固体酸的表面酸量最大,中强酸位酸量最多,表现出最佳的乙醇脱水制乙烯性能:275 ℃,重时空速为1.63 h－1的反应条件下,乙醇转化率和乙烯收率均达100%。     

Density functional theory study of the reaction paths of reactions of CH3C(O)O2 radicals with HO2 in the gas phase

A DFT study on the reactions between CH₃C(O)O₂ and HO₂ radicals has been carried out. It is suggested that both the triplet and singlet potential surfaces involve a complex mechanism with the formation of loosely bound intermediate complexes of reactants and products. The reaction prefers to occur on the triplet surface to produce peracetic acid (CH₃C(O)O₂H) and triplet O₂ molecule. The CH₃C(O)O₂H can further convert into CH₃C(O)O and HO radicals.     

Ghrelin样免疫活性细胞在文昌鱼体内的分布-免疫组织化学的定位

用免疫组织化学方法和兔抗合成的哺乳类ghrelin多克隆抗体,研究了ghrelin样免疫活性细胞在文昌鱼(Branchiostoma belcheri)体内的分布.结果表明,ghrelin样免疫活性细胞广泛分布在文昌鱼神经系统、哈氏窝和轮器、消化道和性腺(卵巢和精巢).在神经系统,ghrelin样免疫活性神经元及其突起特异性分布在脑泡背面与腹面和脑泡漏斗部以及在神经管均可见分散的免疫活性神经细胞及其神经纤维.哈氏窝1—3层的上皮细胞和轮器细胞中均显ghrelin样免疫阳性,阳性物质沿胞膜分布.在消化道,ghrelin样免疫活性细胞分布在肝盲囊、中肠前部和中肠后部,其中以肝盲囊阳性细胞的数量最多,中肠后部次之,中肠前部最少,它们分别属开放型和封闭型内分泌细胞.在性腺,小生长期和大生长期卵巢中卵原细胞、卵母细胞和滤泡细胞以及精巢中早期生精细胞和足细胞均检测到ghrelin样免疫阳性物质.ghrelin样细胞在文昌鱼体内的广泛分布,表明该细胞在进化上的保守性及功能多样性.研究发现文昌鱼脑泡和哈氏窝均存在ghrelin样免疫活性细胞,为它们之间可能建立调节哈氏窝分泌生长激素的兴奋系统提供新的形态学证据.     

Myotoxic activity of a Gln-49 phospholipase A2 from Agkistrodon blomhoffii ussurensis snake venom

A novel myotoxic protein phospholipase A₂ (PLA₂), denoted as Gln49-PLA₂, has been isolated from snake venom of Agkistrodon blomhoffii ussurensis, which has weak lethal effect and apparent anticoagulant activity, but lacks the PLA₂ and hemorrhagenic activity. Gln49-PLA₂ obviously increases of plasma creatine-kinase (CK) upon intramuscular injection in mice, suggesting that it may induce a dose-dependent myonecrosis. Histological studies also reveal morphological changes in mouse skeletal muscles, including extensive myonecrosis, hemorrhage and neutrophil infiltration in the treated animals. The myotoxic ability induced by Gln49-PLA₂ can be partially inhibited by heparin.     

Myotoxic activity of a Gln-49 phospholipase A2 from Agkistrodon blomhoffii ussurensis snake venom

A novel myotoxic protein phospholipase A₂ (PLA₂), denoted as Gln49-PLA₂, has been isolated from snake venom of Agkistrodon blomhoffii ussurensis, which has weak lethal effect and apparent anticoagulant activity, but lacks the PLA₂ and hemorrhagenic activity. Gln49-PLA₂ obviously increases of plasma creatine-kinase (CK) upon intramuscular injection in mice, suggesting that it may induce a dose-dependent myonecrosis. Histological studies also reveal morphological changes in mouse skeletal muscles, including extensive myonecrosis, hemorrhage and neutrophil infiltration in the treated animals. The myotoxic ability induced by Gln49-PLA₂ can be partially inhibited by heparin.     

CO2的地质存储——地质学的新课题

将人类排放的CO₂捕集和存储到地下或海底以与大气隔绝是缓解温室效应的重要途径，初步估计可储存至2050年累计排放量的一半.IPCC正组织编写《CO₂的捕集和存储特别报告》，对该方面的研究和实践进行全面科学的总结.地质存储作为一个主要的存储方式，有存储容量大、时间长、可利用成熟技术等优点.文中简要介绍CO₂地质存储所要求的地质条件及相关的科学和技术问题，列举了若干地质存储的实例，指出我国的自然条件对实施CO₂地质存储有利，可首先开展相关区域性研究和CO₂EOR， CO₂ECBMR的试验.     

Al2O3对Mo-W-Co高温合金力学性能的影响

通过改变Mo-W-Co高温合金中Al₂O₃的含量,研究Al₂O₃对Mo-W-Co高温合金硬度和耐磨性能的影响.采用球磨、压制成形和真空烧结等工艺制备Mo-W-Co-Al₂O₃高温合金,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和金相显微镜(OM)对制备好的合金的相结构、形貌和粒度进行分析,并测试合金的硬度和耐磨性能.结果表明:添加Al₂O₃能提高Mo-W-Co高温合金的硬度和耐磨性能,当w_Al2O3为5%时,Mo-W-Co高温合金的硬度和耐磨性能达到最佳效果;在真空烧结时,Al₂O₃在合金中形成了γ-Al₂O₃相,是影响合金组织和性能的关键相.     

Microstructure and wear resistance of PTA clad Cr7C3/γ-Fe ceramal composite coating

A wear resistant Cr₇C₃/γ-Fe ceramal composite coating was fabricated on substrate of the hardening and tempering C degree steel by PTA (plasma transferred arc) cladding with (wt%) Fe-25Cr-7C elemental powder blends. Microstructure of the coating was characterized by OM, SEM, XRD and EDS. Wear resistance of the coating was tested under dry sliding wear condition at room temperature. The results indicate that the PTA clad ceramal composite coating has a rapidly solidified fine microstructure consisting of Cr₇C₃ primary particles uniformly distributed in the γ-Fe matrix and is metallurgically bonded to the C degree steel substrate. The PTA clad Cr₇C₃/γ-Fe ceramal composite coating has high hardness and excellent wear resistance under dry sliding wear test conditions. The excellent wear resistance of the Cr₇C₃/γ-Fe ceramal composite coating is attributed to the coating’s high hardness, strong covalent atomic bonding and refined microstructure.     

Microstructure and wear resistance of PTA clad Cr7C3/γ-Fe ceramal composite coating

A wear resistant Cr₇C₃/γ-Fe ceramal composite coating was fabricated on substrate of the hardening and tempering C degree steel by PTA (plasma transferred arc) cladding with (wt%) Fe-25Cr-7C elemental powder blends. Microstructure of the coating was characterized by OM, SEM, XRD and EDS. Wear resistance of the coating was tested under dry sliding wear condition at room temperature. The results indicate that the PTA clad ceramal composite coating has a rapidly solidified fine microstructure consisting of Cr₇C₃ primary particles uniformly distributed in the γ-Fe matrix and is metallurgically bonded to the C degree steel substrate. The PTA clad Cr₇C₃/γ-Fe ceramal composite coating has high hardness and excellent wear resistance under dry sliding wear test conditions. The excellent wear resistance of the Cr₇C₃/γ-Fe ceramal composite coating is attributed to the coating’s high hardness, strong covalent atomic bonding and refined microstructure.     

CoFe2O4-Al2O3复合材料的制备及其在含日落黄废水处理中的应用

制备了铁酸钴-氧化铝（CoFe₂O₄-Al₂O₃）复合材料,并采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、比表面积和孔径分析仪对多孔CoFe₂O₄-Al₂O₃复合材料的物相和形貌进行了分析. 利用制备的CoFe₂O₄-Al₂O₃复合材料活化过硫酸氢钾（PMS）来降解废水溶液中的日落黄（SY）,通过研究CoFe₂O₄-Al₂O₃材料制备过程中Co²⁺,Fe³⁺和Al³⁺的物质的量之比、煅烧温度和时长对材料催化性能的影响,发现Co²⁺,Fe³⁺和Al³⁺的最佳物质的量之比为1:2:12,最佳煅烧温度为400 ℃和最佳煅烧时长为3 h. 对采用在最优条件下制得的CoFe₂O₄-Al₂O₃复合材料作为催化剂,PMS氧化降解含日落黄废水进行研究,考察了pH值、温度、不同体系、PMS用量、CoFe₂O₄-Al₂O₃材料用量和一些阴离子对日落黄降解的影响. 结果表明：在pH=7,温度为55 ℃条件下,用0.1 g催化剂和0.125 g PMS能使100 mL质量浓度为0.6 g·L^-1的日落黄溶液在30 min内降解率达到99.5%. 同时,碳酸氢根负离子（HCO₃^-）和硝酸根负离子（NO₃^-）的加入抑制了日落黄的降解,而Cl^-则能促进日落黄的降解. 此外,在进行4次循环使用后,CoFe₂O₄-Al₂O₃仍表现出很好的催化性能,日落黄去除效果仍能达到90%以上.     

Binary fire-extinguishing agent composed of halocarbons and inert gases

C₃H₂F₃Br (1323) is a new kind of Halon replacements developed by our research group. In order to improve the disperse capability of 1323, nitrogen was mixed with 1323 to form the binary fire-extinguishing agent. In this work, the binary fire-extinguishing agent of nitrogen and 1323 was used in experiment and the fire extinguishing efficiency was discussed. In addition, the fire suppression mechanism was investigated and the fire-extinguishing concentration of nitrogen and 1323 was also studied.     

A12O3在一次烧结BaTiO3中的作用探讨

 探索了掺微量Al₂O₃和SiO₂的BaTiO₃的一次烧结工艺,该工艺有效降低了烧结温度.应用电子探针、光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪,TN-524能谱等设备对样品进行分析.BaTiO₃瓷体电阻随Al₂O₃掺杂量的变化关系及Al在BaTiO₃中分布情况等实验事实,表明在BaTiO₃烧结过程中Al可能是一种半导化元素,起施主的作用.通过新工艺,得到了性能较好的BaTiO₃热敏电阻.     

FexMn1-x合金电子结构及其磁性的理论研究

采用第一性原理的线性缀加平面波(LAPW)的理论计算方法,对Fe_xMn_1-x(x=1,0．75,0．5,0．25,0)合金体系的电子结构与磁性进行了理论研究,并与实验进行了比较．结果表明,bcc结构的Fe_0.75Mn_0.25合金为铁磁性,而fcc结构的Fe_0.5Mn_0.5和Fe_0.25Mn_0.75合金为反铁磁性,而且在铁磁性区域,理论计算磁矩的大小与实验值符合得很好．