基于Rulkov神经元模型的四足机器人适应性行走控制

为了改善足式机器人的适应性行走能力,提出仿生控制和智能优化算法相结合的控制策略.利用Rulkov神经元模型对生物中枢模式发生器(central pattern generator, CPG)进行机理建模;设计了基于CPG模型的单关节和多关节耦合的网络拓扑结构,并利用多目标遗传算法优化CPG单元间的耦合系数矩阵,使得CPG网络的输出信号可以控制机器人关节按照一定的时序发生动作;设计机器人信息融合反馈系统并提出坡面适应性行走控制策略,并以四足机器人GhostDog作为实验对象,在Webots仿真平台上做实验验证.结果表明,所提出的行走控制策略可以控制机器人自主完成模式切换,具有一定的环境适应性.     

基于中枢模式发生器的机器人行走控制

基于中枢模式发生器(central pattern generator,CPG)的动物运动控制机理实现四足机器人AIBO的行走控制.利用Kimura振荡神经元构建CPG分布式控制网络,通过多目标遗传算法优化调整CPG网络中的参数,在AIBO上实现类似动物行走(walk)的行走模式.通过Webots仿真和实体实验,验证所设计的CPG控制网络和控制方法的可行性与有效性.     

基于力反馈-中枢模式发生器模型的六足机器人控制器

六足机器人的多关节、高耦合、非线性的机械结构使其运动控制成为机器人研究领域一大难题。针对上述问题,在Matsuoka振荡器的基础上,创新性提出带力反馈神经元的三神经元相互反馈的中枢模式发生器(CPG)模型作为六足机器人的运动控制器。在对六足机器人进行运动学建模、运动学分析等数学分析的基础上,对三神经元CPG模型建模分析;并得到振荡周期波形满足六足机器人节律运动的要求。对力反馈模型进行实物设计;并建立对应反馈模型。根据反馈信息对六足机器人运动节律、关节信息等实时调节。最后通过仿真及实物实验证明,该CPG模型能够满足维持六足机器人稳定运动的要求,在复杂、未知环境中,也能够保持机器人的稳定性与适应性,实现复杂环境下的自适应运动。     

基于力反馈-CPG模型的六足机器人控制器

六足机器人的多关节、高耦合、非线性的机械结构使其运动控制成为机器人研究领域一大难题。针对上述问题,本文在Matsuoka振荡器的基础上创新性提出带力反馈神经元的三神经元相互反馈的CPG模型作为六足机器人的运动控制器。在对六足机器人进行运动学建模、运动学分析等数学分析的基础上对三神经元CPG模型建模分析并得到振荡周期波形满足六足机器人节律运动的要求。对力反馈模型进行实物设计并建立对应反馈模型,根据反馈信息对六足机器人运动节律、关节信息等实时调节。最后通过仿真及实物实验证明该CPG模型能够满足维持六足机器人稳定运动的要求,在复杂未知环境中也能够保持机器人的稳定性与适应性,实现复杂环境下的自适应运动。     

基于CPG的双足机器人NAO的行走控制

基于中枢模式发生器(CPG)机理实现双足机器人NAO的行走控制.利用Kimura振荡神经元设计双足机器人的重心轨迹,得益于CPG丰富的动态特性,机器人的重心轨迹可以通过调节CPG参数来灵活调节.进一步利用生成的重心轨迹信息来在线规划机器人的脚掌轨迹,得到具有环境适应性的脚掌轨迹从而达到适应性行走的目的.通过开放动力学引...     

离散化四足机器人自由步态控制方法

为了实现离散化四足机器人自由步态的控制,提出一种新的基于中枢神经模式发生器(CPG)的自由步态控制方法。介绍了离散化四足机器人模型,在已确定的地形中,设定四足机器人起始点与抵达点的状态。将连续步态按照离散化步态完成排序,形成排序集合。在此基础上,利用中枢神经模式发生器CPG,采用周期性振荡信号对离散化四足机器人腿部各关节进行控制,给出单独神经元模型。为了便于分析,使用互抑神经元构成的振荡器对神经元的输出信号进行改善,通过该振荡器产生规律的振荡信号,以控制离散化四足机器人完成自由步态移动。实验结果表明,所提方法能够有效控制离散化四足机器人实现自由步态移动。     

具有柔性脊椎的四足机器人奔跑运动分析

为了提高四足机器人的奔跑性能,设计了一种具有柔性脊椎的四足机器人.该柔性脊椎由两个平行橡胶棒和一个驱动液压缸组成,通过控制驱动液压缸的伸缩可使两个平行橡胶棒实现上下弯曲.分析了该四足机器人的柔性脊椎对奔跑步长的影响.基于Hopf模型的CPG控制方法,推导了髋关节和膝关节的关节驱动曲线幅值的表达式,并通过网络拓扑结构的重建将脊椎驱动信号与各腿部关节驱动信号进行耦合.最后利用Adams和MATLAB/Simulink对四足机器人进行了bound步态仿真,仿真表明具有柔性脊椎的四足机器人奔跑性能显著提高.     

一种蛇形机器人蜿蜒运动的实现及环境适应性研究

生物蛇数量众多的脊椎骨以及无足的身体结构,使其形成了特殊的蜿蜒式前进步态,能够广泛适应于草地、沙漠和湖泊等起伏地形,这种节律性的运动方式被证明是由中枢模式发生器(CPG)控制的.利用Hopf振荡器的稳态特性建立了能够实现蛇形机器人蜿蜒步态的CPG步态控制网络,依据蛇形机器人的模型仿真器得到了控制蜿蜒运动的CPG网络参数,并利用该网络的输出蛇形机器人成功实现了前进.根据Hopf振荡器对控制参数突然变化的良好适应性,通过在线调整得到了新的输出.讨论了面对复杂环境时蛇形机器人转弯运动的实现以及改变蛇形机器人身体S波构形来提高其环境适应性的方法.在蛇形机器人样机上的实验证明了基于CPG的运动控制方法在蛇形机器人蜿蜒运动上的有效性.     

基于CPG的四足机器人抗侧向冲击的动态稳定性研究

为解决四足机器人受到侧向冲击时的稳定性控制,提出了基于CPG和侧向踏步反射的控制方案:以Hopf振荡器构成的CPG网络为基础,通过为侧偏关节构造具有触发使能性质的振荡器,为四足机器人引入侧向踏步反射机制. 利用ZMP理论,引入倒立摆模型,从动力学角度预测四足机器人侧向踏步所需的步长与次数. 通过该反射,四足机器人在承受侧向冲击时产生的侧向加速度能够在较短时间内恢复正常,此后终止反射,配合正常直线行走控制方案,四足机器人就能够圆满实现在行走状态下受到侧向冲击后的稳定性控制,其抵御侧向冲击的能力显著提高. 利用Matlab与Adams联合仿真,该方案的可行性和有效性得到了可靠验证.      

基于生物反射模型的四足机器人坡面运动控制与越障研究

为了提高四足机器人在包含坡面和障碍物等复杂地形中的运动能力与环境自适应能力,在对四足机器人基本步态研究的基础上,利用生物节律运动和反射控制机理,对四足机器人的适应性行走控制模型进行了研究.建立了适用于四足机器人坡面运动以及越障运动的前庭反射和屈肌反射数学模型,根据该数学模型构建的生物反射控制器与机器人膝、髋关节CPG控制网络有机融合,构成了协调性好、整体性高的控制系统.通过Adams/Matlab联合仿真,验证了所提出控制模型的可行性与有效性.该模型能够有效地使前膝后肘式四足机器人流畅、平稳地完成上下坡运动,并具备自适应越障运动能力.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.