滨425区块非均质油藏压裂裂缝参数优化

胜利油田滨425区块具有储层物性差、非均质性强等特点,水力压裂后存在层间产能差异大、储层动用不充分以及增产有效期短等问题,为此以压后产能为目标,提出滨425区块非均质油藏压裂裂缝参数优化方法。通过纵向精细分层、网格方向调整以及局部网格加密的方式,建立滨425区块沙四段精细化地质模型。建立典型注采井组模型,对油井压裂前后的生产数据进行历史拟合。以压裂后的单井产能为目标,优化裂缝长度和导流能力。结果表明,滨425区块沙四段的四个砂层组物性差异较大,其中一、二砂组的储层物性以及含油性质总体好于三、四砂组;分析不同裂缝参数对压裂后油井产能的影响,优化得到三段压裂层段最优段长分别为90、70、80 m,最优裂缝导流能力为20、25、30 D.cm。该方法能显著提高水力压裂增产效果,为非均质油藏压裂裂缝参数优化提供参考。     

低渗油藏水井压裂增注优化研究

为了改善低渗油藏注水井吸水状况,提高低渗油藏水驱开发效果,利用裂缝-油藏耦合技术建立油、水两相三维油藏裂缝数值模拟器,利用此模拟器模拟研究了不同条件下水井压裂对注采井组开发效果的影响,并利用正交方差分析方法对水井压裂增注效果的主要影响因素进行了显著性评价.以胜利油田史深100低渗透断块油藏为例,提出综合效果评价参数,对实际油藏注水井压裂参数设计进行了优化.研究结果为低渗透油藏注水井压裂设计和增注效果评价提供了一种研究手段,对于提高低渗透油田注水效果具有实际意义.     

低渗透油藏矩形井网水力压裂适应性研究

水力压裂技术是低渗透油藏增产改造的主要措施。矩形井网由于注采井数比高、注水强度大等特点,可以提高油井产能和注水井注水能力,是目前油田开发的有效井网形式之一。针对低渗透油藏的地质特点,对矩形井网在低渗透油田水力压裂中的适应性进行了研究。结果表明,对低渗透油田,采用矩形井网开发能获得较好效果。研究了矩形井网在不同井距和排距条件下裂缝长度和导流能力变化对压裂井产能等开发指标的影响。研究结果表明:对于矩形井网,井距一定,压裂效果并非排距、缝长比和导流能力越大越好,而是存在一个合适的范围。     

延安地区长6油层裂缝特征及对注水开发影响

通过露头、岩芯、显微薄片多尺度裂缝描述及应用古地磁、地层倾角测井等裂缝检测方法,并结合注水开发动态分析,对鄂尔多斯盆地延安地区长₆油层储层裂缝特征及其注水开发影响进行系统研究。研究表明：长₆储层显裂缝主要以EW为主,次为SN向,局部发育NE及NW向裂缝;微裂缝由构造缝及成岩缝组成,近平行于大裂缝方向发育;在最大主应力方向为NE80°的现今应力场背景下,外力诱导致使东西向裂缝优先开启和连通,油井受效明显,含水上升快且易产生水淹,近南北向裂缝处于挤压闭合状况,裂缝孤立、连通性差,油井见效缓慢。采取适应性较好的菱形反9点注采井网形式以及不压裂投注、注水井组不同方向生产井采取不同的压裂参数等技术方法是改善裂缝向特低渗储层注水开发效果的关键。     

注水井压裂调剖设计方法研究

对对低渗透油田,主要通过水力压裂提高油水井的增产增注能力,区块经过整体压裂改造后,水力裂缝参数将对油不井的产量起决定性作用。对于多油层非均质油藏,层间差异会导致吸水剖面不均匀,影响水驱效率。对需要经过压裂再投注的注水井,建立了压裂后预测注水井注入量的数值模拟,分析了各层注入量与地层物性、裂缝参数和注水压力的关系。研究结果表明,通过合理地设计裂缝参数,可以缓层间矛盾,改善吸水剖面。现场试验８口井,其     

前置酸压裂技术在低渗透油田中的研究与应用

鄂尔多斯盆地石油开发已步入攻坚啃硬阶段,随着石油勘探开发的不断深入,油田增储上产速度不断加快,致密储层资源量所占比例越来越大。对于采取常规水力压裂改造后的油井,日产量偏低、稳产期短。前置酸压裂技术可以改善井筒、裂缝与地层之间的渗流条件,达到提高单井产量的目的,是油田油井储层改造的新技术。为了证明前置酸压裂技术的增产效果,在靖边油田选取了三口长6储层试验井,并进行了现场试验,实验结果表明该技术可以在低渗透油田中应用且增产效果明显。     

特低-超低渗透油藏分段压裂水平井开采参数优化研究及应用

通过建立水平井分段压裂物理模拟实验进行衰竭式开采、不同注采方式及不同驱替压差的实验研究.结果表明:相同时间内,压裂水平井半缝长为150 m时压力递减快、流速最大,随着裂缝长度增加,压力加快降低;增大压裂规模,水平井衰竭式开采速度加快.在相同驱替压差下,压裂水平井作为采油井时压力梯度高,在此基础上优化水平井开采参数,分析裂缝方位、裂缝形态、裂缝条数、裂缝间距、裂缝导流能力、水平段长度、射孔位置等对水平井开发效果的影响规律,水平段与裂缝近似垂直时开发效果最佳,最佳井网为七点法直井注水平井采井网,适当降低中间裂缝的长度和中间注水井的注水量可以起到稳油控水的作用,间断型纺锤形布缝时补充能量效果最好,优化后的参数与生产实际较好的吻合,优化结果可靠,对特低渗透储层分段压裂水平井开发具有重要的理论和矿场实际意义.     

注水井压裂调剖设计方法研究

对于低渗透油田 ,主要通过水力压裂提高油水井的增产增注能力 ,区块经过整体压裂改造后 ,水力裂缝参数将对油水井的产量起决定性作用。对于多油层非均质油藏 ,层间差异会导致吸水剖面不均匀 ,影响水驱效率。对需要经过压裂再投注的注水井 ,建立了压裂后预测注水井注入量的数值模型 ,分析了各层注入量与地层物性、裂缝参数和注入压力的关系。研究结果表明 ,通过合理地设计裂缝参数 ,可以减缓层间矛盾 ,改善吸水剖面。现场试验 8口井 ,其中 6口井进行了吸水剖面测试 ,全井达到配注方案的有 4口井 ,说明该方法对多油层非均质油藏注水井的调剖具有一定的应用价值。     

转向压裂井裂缝转向的影响因素分析

为了尽可能提高转向压裂井的增产效果,依据油藏应力场理论及油气井生产渗流理论建立了初次压裂裂缝和油水井生产过程对于裂缝附近应力场的影响模型。研究了初始水平地应力差、初始裂缝长度、初始裂缝宽度、生产压差和渗透率对转向压裂井裂缝转向的影响;并通过正交实验设计及其直观分析方法明确了各因素对裂缝转向影响程度。在诸多影响因素中,初始水平地应力差是影响裂缝转向的最主要因素,生产压差次之,储层渗透率与初始压裂裂缝宽度的影响居中,初始压裂裂缝长度对裂缝转向的影响最小。可用以指导转向压裂的选井选层。     

高压水射流深穿透射孔增产机理研究

高压水射流技术是切割破岩、清洗除锈、油田增产的新技术。在分析钻井侵入带和常规聚能射孔压实带对油井产量影响的基础上 ,探讨了高压水射流定向深穿透射孔的油井增产机理。研究结果表明 ,采用高压高速射流技术 ,可以切割破岩、减轻近井地带应力集中和穿透近井污染带 ,其结果可以使油井获得增产增注。讨论了该技术用于定向射孔压裂进行油藏改造的可行性     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.