低效纳米孔晶体硅太阳电池性能研究

晶体硅太阳电池生产中,降低表面反射率能够提高太阳电池短路电流和转换效率.纳米孔硅的表面反射率极低,但报道中所实现的太阳电池输出参数(开路电压、短路电流、填充因子)都低于金字塔结构表面.采用对比法从光学性能、表面微结构和电极接触上对纳米孔硅和金字塔太阳电池进行比较分析,来研究纳米多孔硅太阳电池转换效率的抑制因素.研究表明短时间腐蚀的纳米孔硅太阳电池表面沉积氮化硅钝化膜后的平均反射率提高.长时间腐蚀的纳米孔硅表面沉积氮化硅后在短波段的反射率极低,因此平均反射率小于金字塔结构表面.但是由于纳米孔硅太阳电池的表面复合率高,而孔壁上附着的毛刺不仅会进一步增大表面复合,还会削弱表面钝化效果,因此短波段激发的光生载流子难以被太阳电池利用.所以,光利用和表面复合是抑制纳米孔硅太阳电池开路电压和短路电流的原因,而过大的串联电阻是纳米孔硅太阳电池短路电流和填充因子低的另一个原因.     

多晶硅太阳电池的高温水蒸汽处理

文章研究了多晶硅太阳电池的高温水蒸汽处理，对处理前后太阳电池光谱响应、开路电压、短路电流等太阳电池的特性进行了测量。处理后太阳电池的性能得到了改善，获得了较好的处理条件及处理效果。     

PESC太阳电池双层减反射膜的研究

钝化发射极硅太阳电池（简称为PESC）^[1]，采用浅结密栅结构，以改革蓝光响应，提高转换效率。同时要求硅太阳电池的减反射在短波范围有较好的透射性能。本文对MgF2-Zn双层减反射进行了研究，将其用于PESC中，有效地提高了电池的短波光谱响应。在AM1．5mw/cm^2光照下得到太阳电池短路电流增益高达1．47，平均反射率在3％左右。     

三层氮化硅减反射膜的工艺研究

本文研究了通过等离子气相沉积（PECVD）在多晶硅片上制作三层氮化硅减反射膜层,设计的折射率逐渐减小的三层氮化硅膜层能更好的钝化多晶硅片的体表面和减小光的反射,提高了多晶太阳电池的开路电压和短路电流,从而有效的提高了多晶太阳电池的光电转换效率。     

高低发射氏（HLE）硅太阳电池

对ＨＬＥ硅太阳电池做了光谱响应表达式的推导，理论上的数值计算及实验结果分析表明，硅ＨＬＥ太阳电池在采用浅的重掺杂区及较深的低掺杂区构成电池发射区时，可获得比常规电池更好的光谱响应，从而提高了短路电流，并对暗电流有抑制作用，可获得较高的开路电压结果使ＨＬＥ硅太阳电池具有较高的光电转换效率。     

高低发射区（HLE）硅太阳电池

对ＨＬＥ硅太阳电池做了光谱响应表达式的推导，理论上的数值计算及实验结果分析表明，硅ＨＬＥ太阳电池在采用浅的重掺杂区及较深的低掺杂区构成电池发射区时，可获得比常规（ＣＶ）电池更好的光谱响应，从而提高了短路电流，并对暗电流有抑制作用，可获得较高的开路电压，结果使ＨＩ－Ｅ硅太阳电池具有较高的光电转换效率．     

基于半残次硅片的太阳电池性能研究

选取了在硅片加工过程中产生的线痕片、厚片、薄片、崩片和TTV片共5种类型的半残次硅片,制备了太阳能电池,并在中山大学太阳能系统研究所进行了太阳电池片的实验研究,分析了这些残次片电池的开路电压、短路电流、填充因子、转换效率,研究结果表明,半残次硅片所制备的太阳电池性能良好:这些电池片的平均转换效率都达到了15.80%以上,填充因子可达73.98%,短路电流在5.10～5.28A之间,开路电压在0.62V以上,对于降低太阳电池成本具有一定参考价值.     

钝化发射极、背面定域扩散高效硅太阳电池

报道了钝化发射极、背面定域扩散高效率硅太阳电池的研制结果。阐述了电池的工艺制作流程及结构设计特点，并分析其获得高转换效率的机理。由于电池设计及制作中采用了双面钝化，背面进行定域小面积的硼扩散，正面利用“倒金字塔”结构，同时配以谈磷、浓磷分区扩散等手段，使硅太阳电他的开路电压、短路电流和填充因子都得到较大提高，在ＡＭ１．５，２５℃的光照条件下，光电转换效率η＝２３．８％。     

用“准中性模型”计算硅背表面场太阳电池的特性

本文提出了硅背表面场太阳电池的“准中性”模型.用该模型计算了开路电压及温度系数,与实验符合较好.解释了BSF太阳能电池的开路电压、温度系数较少地依赖于基底电阻率以及开路电压随费米能级差的增加而增加等实验现象.     

空间用高效率硅太阳电池

本文阐述空间用高效率PESC硅太阳电池的理论设计和工艺实验研究.将电池设计为浅结密栅,在前表面热生长一超薄SiO_2钝化层,并制作了双层减反射膜,使电池的开路电压、短路电流和填充因子都得到较大改进.在AM1.5光照条件下,短路电流密度高达37.4 mA/cm~2,光电转换效率达到18.03%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with