一种市售曲奇饼干基于脂肪氧化货架期的预测

以一种市售曲奇饼干为样品,采用"Schaal耐热试验法"加快样品变质速度,将样品贮藏于60℃,50%RH恒温恒湿条件下进行周期性实验,定期取样测定其酸价和过氧化值,同时进行感官评定.以贮藏时间和对应的过氧化值、酸价的对数值进行回归拟合,得到在60℃,50%RH恒温恒湿条件下,该种曲奇饼干的货架期为23 d.根据氧化一级动力学方程,应用Arrhenius公式预测该种曲奇饼干产品在常温20℃,50%RH下的货架期为368 d.     

动力学模型预测即食风味米饭货架期的研究

通过研究即食风味米饭在不同贮藏温度条件下酸价和过氧化值随时间的变化,分别以二者为指标建立化学反应动力学模型预测即食风味米饭的货架期,并且通过验证试验检验即食风味米饭预测值的准确性.结果表明,即食风味米饭的动力学模型可以准确的反映出其在贮藏期间品质的变化,在25、35、45℃贮藏温度下,即食风味米饭货架期的预测值分别为161、86、48 d和206、130、84 d.     

中华管鞭虾调理食品动力学预测产品货架期

为预测中华管鞭虾高水分调理食品的货架期,测定25℃、30℃、35℃温度条件贮藏的海捕红虾高水分调理食品的菌落总数、挥发性盐基氮、过氧化值3个指标,通过指标的变化分别建立一级化学动力学模型,以此预测中华管鞭虾高水分调理食品的货架期。通过计算得,菌落总数预测模型中的活化能Ea为34.4 kJ·mol~(-1),指前因子k0为8.372×10~3;挥发性盐基氮预测模型中的活化能Ea为27.39 kJ·mol~(-1),指前因子k0为259.6;过氧化值预测模型中的活化能Ea为51.46 kJ·mol~(-1),指前因子k0为9.15×10~6。在32℃和37℃条件下验证动力学模型,结果表明相对误差分别为-6.34%和-6.03%,表明精确度较高。通过验证得出的货架期预测模型计算得出,在17℃和22℃常温下贮藏中华管鞭高水分虾调理食品,产品的货架期为221 d和188 d。该研究结果为进一步研究水产品货架期提供了一定的理论基础,具有一定的指导意义。     

Q235低碳钢高温变形过程的动态组织演化分析

通过Gleeble 2000上的热模拟压缩实验,分析了Q235低碳钢在不同热加工参数下的动态组织演化特征.结果表明:应变速率和温度对Q235钢的奥氏体形变特征影响强烈.在相同变形温度下,应变速率的提高可以明显推迟动态再结晶的发生;应变速率较低时,降低温度同样可以延迟动态再结晶的发生.利用定量金相技术及线性、非线性拟合算法,建立了Q235钢热变形过程的唯像本构关系及组织演化动力学模型,并将其应用于Autoforge 3.1有限元软件平台.压缩过程有限元模拟分析表明,分别采用Arrhenius双曲正弦方程描述Q235钢的唯像本构关系及Yada模型表征Q235钢变形过程的平均晶粒尺寸,可以满足预测精度,与实际变形过程基本吻合.     

青花椒酱的开发及其货架期预测

研究以青花椒为主要原料,辅以青椒和大蒜等原料,基于传统工艺开发了一种经超高压杀菌处理的花椒酱,对青花椒的护色方法进行优化,对超高压灭菌后的花椒酱进行了货架期预测。经过响应面优化护色剂使用量,发现青花椒经0.89 g/L抗坏血酸、0.1 g/L硫酸锌和2.62 g/L柠檬酸复配的护色液浸泡后护色效果显著。利用电子鼻对花椒酱的风味类型进行测定,结果表明青花椒酱中的风味类型主要由无机硫化物、烯萜类物质和氮氧化物风味成分组成。采用Q10货架期预测模型对花椒酱的货架期进行预测。综合感官评价、色差、水分变化及菌落总数在花椒酱35℃和45℃贮藏条件下的变化情况得出:花椒酱在35℃贮藏条件下货架期为25 d;花椒酱在45℃贮藏条件下货架期为13 d。利用货架期模型预测花椒酱在4℃和25℃的货架期,结果表明花椒酱在贮藏温度为4℃时的货架期为189 d,在贮藏温度为25℃时的货架期为48 d。     

真空冷却工艺对贡丸品质的影响研究

真空冷却技术是保持贡丸品质和延长贡丸产品流通中货架期的一种有效方法。以质量损失率、色差、过氧化值和酸价等为衡量指标,对真空条件下不同的冷却温度对贡丸品质的影响进行了研究。结果表明：贡丸采用真空冷却工艺可以快速降温,质地明显优于常压冷却,可在一定程度上保持其嫩度;但随着温度的降低,贡丸的剪切力增加,在20℃时达到最大值5．7 N ;真空冷却温度对贡丸色泽无明显影响。在过氧化值和酸价方面,真空冷却可以减缓贡丸的脂质氧化,有利于贡丸产品货架期的延长。     

鲳鱼品质变化动力学模型的实验研究

通过不同温度下的贮藏实验研究了鲳鱼的菌落总数、挥发性盐基氮(TVBN)、鲜度指标K和感官指标随贮藏时间的变化规律.通过相应的品质能级函数分析,确定鲳鱼的K符合零级化学反应动力学模型,TVBN、总菌落数值符合一级化学反应动力学模型,且化学反应动力学方程的相关系数均大于0.9,具有较高的拟合精度.利用Arrhenius方程对活化能Ea和温度系数Q10进行计算,并对照感官评定得到鲳鱼在268～278 K,273～283 K和283～293 K温度段内任何一点温度T的货架期预测模型分别为θS(T)=5.8×2.009(278-T)/10,θS(T)=3.0×1.948(283-T)/10和θS(T)=1.7×2.407(293-T)/10,θs(T)为货架寿命.并模拟得到了鲳鱼经历不同温度、时间流通后的品质损失量和货架寿命余量.     

基于一级动力学模型的水培蔬菜滤床氮磷去除模拟

采用水培蔬菜滤床(HVFB)净化及经生化处理后的生活污水尾水,并选用一级动力学模型开展HVFB氮磷去除动力学试验研究.基于Arrhenius公式采用试验数据分析水温与一级反应面积速率常数K间关系,采用乘幂和指数回归方程拟合20℃时面积速率常数K20与水力负荷间关系,并构建滤床模型拓展式.Arrhenius拟合结果表明,番茄滤床的氨氮、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)的温度系数θ值分别为1.08,1.06和1.01,空心菜滤床θ值分别为1.07,1.04和1.00,氨氮、TN的K值与水温呈显著正相关,氨氮的K值受水温影响更为敏感,TP的K值与水温无明显关系.在拟合K_(20)与水力负荷关系上,乘幂回归整体上较指数回归具有更高的准确性.考虑了水温和水力负荷因素的一级动力学模型拓展式的预测具有较高的准确性和可靠性.增强TN去除效率(水温小于19.5℃)和TP去除效率(水温大于19.5℃),可有效提高HVFB整体进水水力负荷.     

污泥的超临界水氧化动力学研究

在间歇式反应器中研究了城市污泥的超临界水氧化反应,反应温度为400～450℃、压力为24～28MPa、反应时间为40～515s.结果表明:污泥的有机物去除率可达99 9%以上;在420℃、反应时间为155s时,污泥氧化后残余固体物的体积仅为脱水污泥的4%,反应后剩余收集液的COD小于10mg·L-1.以幂函数方程描述了氧化剂过量时污泥超临界水氧化的反应动力学规律,污泥和氧化剂的反应级数分别为1和0;速率常数与温度的关系符合Arrhenius公式,随反应时间增加、温度升高,有机物的去除率显著增加;速率常数随压力升高而增加,但速率常数的增幅随压力的升高而减小,反应活化体积不是常数.在24MPa时,反应活化能和频率因子分别为(39 11±2 216)kJ·mol-1和(45 2±17 2)s-1,模型计算值与实验值的误差在±8%以内.     

沥青生产过程中软化点的SVR预测

根据30组不同电阻和温度下的沥青软化点的实测数据集,应用基于粒子群算法(PSO)寻优的支持向量回归(SVR)方法,并结合留一交叉验证(LOOCV)法对沥青软化点进行了建模和预测研究,将其预测结果与多元线性回归(MLR)模型的计算结果进行了比较。SVR-LOOCV预测的最大误差为2.1 ℃, 远比MLR模型计算的最大误差7.9 ℃要小得多。统计结果表明：基于SVR-LOOCV预测结果的均方根误差(RMSE=0.75 ℃)、平均绝对误差(MAE=0.32 ℃)和平均绝对百分误差(MAPE=0.28%)相应也比MLR回归模型的预测结果(RMSE=3.3 ℃,MAE=2.6 ℃和MAPE=2.34%)要小。因此,应用SVR实时预测沥青产品的软化点,可为生产优质沥青提供准确的科学指导。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to