室内智能舒适照明控制策略研究

根据工作面照度、邻近区域照度、背景区域照度、工作面均匀度和邻近区域均匀度5个主要因素,建立了视觉评估指标模糊系统模型.针对实际照明需求情况,综合考虑室内照明的整体效果和个性化需求,提出了基于粒子群优化的室内灯具亮度控制策略.通过最大化室内照明系统的视觉效果和节能的综合目标函数,优化控制灯具亮度,达到室内照明舒适、方便并且节能的目的.将灯具布置分为整体和局部照明两种,根据照明需求和人员分布,对灯具亮度控制策略进行仿真研究,结果表明,该方法可以实现节能与舒适的综合最优.     

室内照明调光控制系统中墙面传感器布置方法

为解决室内照明调光控制系统中,放置在工作面上的照度传感器易受办公物品、人体活动等遮挡,从而不能使系统准确调光的问题,基于墙面与工作面照度的比例关系模型,提出了室内照度变化传递比的概念以及由墙面设置照度传感器替代工作面照度传感器的方法.该方法的关键是确定当光通量变化时,墙面垂直照度与工作面水平照度间的照度变化传递比.笔者通过仿真和实验手段研究了传感器在墙面上布置时,传感器与被调光源的方位关系对照度变化传递比的影响,得出了适用于办公和阅览场所调光系统照度传递比的两个约束条件.满足该约束条件即可获得室内墙面传感器的有效放置位置及所需数量.通过墙面照度传感器设置方法在教室照明调光控制系统中的应用,证明了该方法的有效性.     

基于辨识效果的地下车库照明质量评价指标研究

为了保证在地下车库光环境中快速识别他人行为并做出反应,提高使用者的舒适感与安全感,针对目前车库照明标准中评价指标的不足,采用实测与主观评价相结合的实验方法,对重庆大学B区地下车库光环境进行了调研。对实测数据与评价结果进行分析,运用Facereader软件进行验证,参考国内外室外照明相关标准值,从辨识行人效果的角度,提出了半柱面照度是评价车库照明质量的重要指标,完善了立体感评价指标的适用范围,建议地下车库设计中应考虑半柱面照度与立体感指标,且半柱面照度应不小于6.5 lx,立体感指标应不小于0.75的标准值,以达到基于舒适感与安全感的防侵犯照明。该研究成果也对类似的昏暗室内公共空间的照明质量评价具有重要的借鉴意义。     

日光照明室内照度动态计算方法

为了减少人工照明的耗电量,预测房间日光照明潜力,介绍了一种日光照明室内照度动态计算简便方法.它利用修正的Tragenza的房间平均照度模型,根据房间尺寸,窗户朝向、尺度,遮阳设施、材料反射系数、相邻建筑间相对位置,以及逐时太阳辐射数据和光热转换系数等来预测房间动态照度,进而计算日光照明潜力.通过用Visual Basic语言将该计算方法编入计算程序,对北京地区日光照明进行了实例分析,预测出5种常用遮阳装置下的建筑室内日光照明节能潜力.结果表明,该方法可以用来计算不同遮阳设施类型的窗户系统的建筑室内逐时有用日光照度,对规划设计阶段的建筑进行照明节能潜力的预测.     

基于改进粒子群算法的LED室内照明光照均匀性研究

传统基于室内照明的光源布局存在缺陷,导致光照度不均匀及能源的浪费。为了解决此类问题,文章以单个LED理论模型为基础,推导出LED阵列的照度分布函数,以目标平面光照强度的标准差作为评价函数,以目标平面平均照度为约束条件,通过改进的粒子群算法优化LED的位置,使目标平面上的光照均匀性达到最优。利用Matlab仿真出优化后的LED阵列的光照分布情况,对比其他2种LED阵列,并通过实验,利用图像处理对实际场景照明的效果进行检验,实验结果表明该方法可行。     

基于光纤导光的自动采光照明装置设计与实现

文章提出一种由自动跟踪聚光装置采光,由大芯经聚合物光纤PMMF进行光传输而实现的太阳能室内照明系统.给出了系统的基本性能指标及部分测试结果.初步实验数据表明,在一般日照条件下,光纤灯对照明区域提供的照度数值符合使用要求.     

政府改造工程案例

正(1)广东省政府机关大院LED节能照明改造示范项目2012年,广东省政府机关大院实施了LED照明改造,改造范围包括大院内所有路灯,1号楼一、二层大厅,1号楼贵宾厅及部分省领导办公室的室内照明灯。项目改造完成后平均节电率达到67%,照度提升超过30%,项目成效得到广东省政府、南方电网公司领导的肯定。(2)珠岛宾馆LED照明改造工程珠岛宾馆LED照明改造工程项目采用合同项目能源管理模式,共改造含室内照明、舞台灯光、池座灯以及室外泛光灯等LED照明产品26815盏,改造后节电率超过70%,每年可节约用电200万度。     

精密视觉测量中照明对图像质量的影响

为了达到自动控制光源、保障测量精度的目的,研究了视觉检测系统中不同光源照明方式与照度对图像质量的影响规律,探明了图像质量与测量精度的内在关系.通过实验,对不同照明方式下的图像质量评价系统进行了建模,并提出了一种评价图像质量的方法,即在透射照明方式下,以图像对比度为评价指标;在反射照明方式下,以图像低频分量比为评价指标,通过计算图像对比度和低频分量比是否达到一定阈值来评价图像质量,并以此控制光源照度,保证测量精度在允许范围.     

不同照度和色温下道路路标背景与辨识力之间的关系

为了减少道路照明的能耗,提高驾驶人员对道路标识牌的辨识力,采用照度和色温分别为变量的实验方案,实验对象为矫正视力正常的青年大学生,对比黄底黑字、蓝底白字、绿底白字3种背景标识牌下男女同学的辨识力与照度、色温之间关系,通过分析比较实验数据,得到了光环境舒适度与性别之间的关系,不同照度、色温与男女同学辨识力的变化关系;总结出色温和标识牌背景颜色的最佳选取方案:照度控制在30～40 lx、色温控制在3 000 4～500 K、道路标识牌色彩搭配为蓝底白字.     

客运站候车室照明舒适度研究

通过对中国典型城市(哈尔滨、北京、上海、长沙)火车站候车室的照度值测量,同时对候车室内旅客进行照明舒适度的调查,统计分析旅客在不同照度下的照明舒适度感受,利用模糊数学方法计算出候车室的阴暗度域限值.结合参照单位分析法(Ridit)对照度值进行探讨,对标准组的平均参照值进行了计算.数据分析表明,候车室照度的阴暗度阈限值为92.3 lx.候车室照度标准值取113.6～73.2 lx之间,平均Ridit值最靠近0.5所对应的照度值为80 lx,能够满足旅客对火车站候车室照明舒适度的要求.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.