制备条件对碳材料形貌影响及其光致吸附增强

采用葡萄糖作碳源,利用水热法制备碳材料,研究了无机添加剂、表面活性剂、葡萄糖浓度、反应釜装填体积、反应温度和反应时间等对碳材料形貌的影响和光照下碳材料对罗丹明B的吸附性能。当葡萄糖浓度为7.5%、装填体积为75%、反应温度为160℃、反应时间为20 h、添加十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为0.25%时,可制得均一的、直径约600 nm的单分散碳球。在罗丹明B水溶液浓度为8 mg/L、碳球浓度为0.4 g/L时,可见光照5 h染料去除率接近100%。水热制备条件可明显影响碳材料的形貌,光照可增强碳材料对罗丹明B类染料的吸附。     

碳载体对PtRu/C催化剂性能的影响研究

本文采用水热方法合成不同粒径和形貌的碳球,并将其作为载体,采用化学镀的方法制备PtRu/C催化剂;应用XRD、SEM和TEM对碳球及催化剂的结构和形貌进行表征。采用电化学方法测试不同形貌碳球的比表面积以及碳球担载催化剂的催化活性,结果表明,水热反应条件对碳球的粒径及形貌影响显著,三种碳球担载催化剂的活性按照以下顺序衰减：多孔的粒径约为100nm的碳球担载PtRu催化剂优于连体碳球优于直径约500nm的单分散碳球担载催化剂。TEM分析结果表明,在碳球表面化学镀的PtRu纳米颗粒均匀分散在碳载体表面,其平均粒径约为3nm。电化学测试表明粒径为100nm的多孔碳球的电化学比表面积较大,以这种碳球为载体的PtRu/C催化剂对甲醇氧化的催化性能较高。     

单分散聚苯乙烯微球的制备及其影响因素的研究

以聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(PVP)为分散剂,无水乙醇为反应介质,偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂,采用分散聚合方法,制备出球形度良好的单分散聚苯乙烯微球。并讨论了初始单体浓度、引发剂用量、稳定剂用量及加料方式对聚苯乙烯微球粒径及分布的影响。结果表明,在一定反应条件下,随着初始单体浓度和引发剂浓度的增大,聚苯乙烯微球的粒径增大,分布变宽;随着分散稳定剂PVP浓度的增大,微球粒径变大,分布变窄。且一次加料有助于形成单分散的聚苯乙烯微球。     

单分散窄分布PMMA微球的制备工艺研究

通过分散聚合法,以甲基丙烯酸甲酯为单体,以聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(PVP)为分散剂、偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂、甲醇/水为分散介质,并二次滴加单体与分散介质混合液,制备微米级单分散聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯微球.通过傅里叶转换红外分析,场发射扫描电镜,激光粒度分析等对微球进行表征.研究反应时间、初始单体浓度、分散剂浓度和引发剂用量等因素对微球粒径及粒径分布的影响.引发剂浓度和分散剂用量是影响聚合物微球粒径主要因素.分散剂浓度增大,引发剂浓度减小,均使微球粒径减小,分布变窄.最佳工艺条件为PVP用量1.5%、AIBN用量1%、单体用量10%、甲醇用量为60%、反应时间为6h、温度为75℃、制得的微球粒径为1.8μm.     

工艺因素对溶胶-凝胶法制备SiO2微球粒径的影响

采用Stober溶胶-凝胶法,在碱性体系中水解正硅酸乙酯(TEOS),制备单分散球形SiO2,研究反应时间、温度、加水量、TEOS浓度、氨水浓度对所制备SiO2粒径大小的影响.结果表明,反应时间对SiO2粒径的影响较小,随着反应时间的延长,颗粒粒径有增大趋势;随着反应温度升高以及加水量、氨水浓度和TEOS浓度增大,SiO2的粒径也增大,但持续增加水的用量,SiO2的粒径会出现变小的趋势.溶胶-凝胶法制备SiO2最佳的工艺条件为:反应时间为3h,温度为45℃,加水量为17.73 mol/L,TEOS浓度为0.195 mol/L,氨水浓度为0.821 mol/L.     

工艺因素对溶胶-凝胶法制备SiO2微球粒径的影响

采用Stber溶胶-凝胶法,在碱性体系中水解正硅酸乙酯(TEOS),制备单分散球形SiO2,研究反应时间、温度、加水量、TEOS浓度、氨水浓度对所制备SiO2粒径大小的影响。结果表明,反应时间对SiO2粒径的影响较小,随着反应时间的延长,颗粒粒径有增大趋势;随着反应温度升高以及加水量、氨水浓度和TEOS浓度增大,SiO2的粒径也增大,但持续增加水的用量,SiO2的粒径会出现变小的趋势。溶胶-凝胶法制备SiO2最佳的工艺条件为:反应时间为3h,温度为45℃,加水量为17.73mol/L,TEOS浓度为0.195mol/L,氨水浓度为0.821mol/L。     

微米级碳微球载体的制备

以蔗糖为碳源采用一步水热法制备碳微球,研究了合成温度、时间对碳微球粒径、分散性、产率的影响.利用X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜等表征手段对制备的碳微球的结构、粒径和形貌进行了表征,并进一步研究了其形成机理.结果表明:温度在低于140℃时并未生成碳微球,碳微球的合成温度必须大于160℃,升高反应温度和延长反应时间均有利于碳微球产率的提高,但过高的温度和过长的反应时间会加剧碳微球的团聚现象.     

吡啶硫酮锌的制备研究

对反应结晶法制备吡啶硫酮锌过程进行了实验研究,考察了溶液初始浓度、反应温度、反应时间、pH值、超声处理等因素对产品形貌和粒径的影响,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、激光粒度仪、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和红外光谱仪(FTIR)对产品进行分析与表征。结果表明:温度对产品形貌和粒径有影响,23℃以下时产品为爪形,23℃以上产品为棱柱状,且温度升高,粒径增大;其他条件对产品形貌和粒径影响不显著。     

分散聚合法制备单分散聚苯乙烯微球的研究

通过以乙醇/水为介质,聚丙烯酸为分散剂的分散聚合法,制备了粒径范围在0.66-2.2μm的单分散聚苯乙烯微球.实验得出,分散介质的Hansen溶解度参数范围在26.34-31.97(MPa)(1)/(2);分散剂用量存在临界值为7.7g/L;同时还考察了反应参数,如温度、引发剂浓度、单体浓度等对聚合反应和微球粒径及其分布的影响.     

分散聚合法制备单分散聚苯乙烯微球的研究

通过以乙醇/水为介质,聚丙烯酸为分散剂的分散聚合法,制备了粒径范围在0.66-2.2μm的单分散聚苯乙烯微球.实验得出,分散介质的Hansen溶解度参数范围在26.34-31.97(MPa)(1)/(2);分散剂用量存在临界值为7.7g/L;同时还考察了反应参数,如温度、引发剂浓度、单体浓度等对聚合反应和微球粒径及其分布的影响.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.