w(CaO)/w(Al2O3)对钙铝基保护渣结晶性能的影响

利用热丝法测试技术,结合扫描电镜和能谱分析,研究了不同w(CaO)/w(Al₂O₃)条件下钙铝基保护渣的结晶性能.结果表明,较低w(CaO)/w(Al₂O₃)下,保护渣结晶物相为LiAlO₂和CaO·Al₂O₃.其析出由渣中的Li⁺离子和Ca²⁺离子分别对高聚合度铝氧四面体结构的电荷补偿所致.而且,Li⁺离子优先参与,LiAlO₂优先析出.较高w(CaO)/w(Al₂O₃)下,结晶物相转变为LiAlO₂和3CaO·Al₂O₃.其变化原因为,CaO相对质量分数提高,保护渣聚合度降低,Ca²⁺离子和低聚合度铝氧四面体结构单元Q²结合而形成3CaO·Al₂O₃并析出.随着w(CaO)/w(Al₂O₃)由1.13提高至1.82,钙铝基保护渣析晶能力先减弱然后增强.在w(CaO)/w(Al₂O₃)为1.50和1.82时分别具有最弱和最强的析晶能力.     

Fabrication and properties of Al matrix composites strengthened by in situ alumina particulates

New aluminum matrix composites strengthened by Al₂O₃ particulates through stirring cast by adding NH₄Al(SO₄)₂ to the molten aluminum have been fabricated. TEM observation shows that in-situ Al₂O₃ particulates are generally spherical and they are uniformly distributed in the Al matrix. Dry sliding wear test results show that the volume loss of the unreinforced Al matrix is about three times that of the Al₂O₃ reinforced metal matrix composite (MMC) and the volume loss of the MMC fabricated by adding Al₂O₃ is larger than that of the MMC by adding NH₄Al(SO₄)₂. Lubricating sliding wear test results show that the volume loss of the MMCs increases more slowly than that of the matrix with the increasing of the load.     

Effect of Some Additives on the Microstructure and Properties of Andalusite-cordierite Refractory

The effect of some additives on the microstructure and properties of andalusite-cordierite refractory is concerned with. A study has been made on Al₂O₃, Cr₂O₃ and SiC powders, which are selected as additives and added respectively to the standard formulation in varying amounts as extra content (2%, 4%, or 6%). As the results indicate, Al₂O₃ (best at 4%) and SiC (best at 2%) can improve the microstructure and the properties of the material.But Cr₂O₃ shows the effect to the contrary.     

纳米Al2O3/膨胀石墨的制备及吸附性能

针对Al₂O₃和膨胀石墨（EG）单独作为吸附剂时存在不易分离和吸附性能较差等问题, 以EG为骨料、  Al(NO₃)₃9H₂O为铝源、  NH₃H₂O为沉淀剂、  无水乙醇为分散剂制备纳米Al₂O₃/EG, 并用Fourier变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、  X射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）等方法对吸附剂进行表征; 以Al₂O₃/EG为吸附剂, 对刚果红溶液进行吸附, 并考察加氨水方式、  活化温度、  活化时间、  Al₂O₃与EG质量比和浸渍时间对吸附性能的影响. 结果表明：  纳米级Al₂O₃成功负载在EG上; 逐滴加入氨水、  活化温度170 ℃、  活化时间3 h、  Al₂O₃与EG质量比为0.06∶1、  浸渍时间为20 min时, 吸附效果最好, 脱色率约为86%;  Al₂O₃/EG明显优于EG的吸附效果, 其脱色率是EG的2倍以上; 与Al₂O₃相比, 在吸附后的分离操作中, Al₂O₃/EG更易分离.     

Microstructure characterization of a pressureless infiltrating oxidized SiCp preform by Al-8Mg

The microstructure of a pressureless infiltrating 55vol% oxidized SiC preform by Al-8Mg alloy was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution TEM (HRTEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and X-ray diffraction. The TEM image of the interface between Al and SiC shows that the surface of SiC is covered by a rough nanocrystal layer of MgAl₂O₄, Al₂O₃, and Si, produced by the interfacial reaction of Al, Mg, and SiO₂ on the surface of SiC. The Al-SiC interface is also examined by HRTEM to be better understood how MgAl₂O₄ and Al₂O₃ are produced. Dendritic Al₂O₃ crystals are embedded in the pores of the composite generated from the mutual bonding of SiO₂ on the surface of SiC. Columnar AlN crystals of about 250 nm in length are bunched vertically on the SiC particle surface.     

CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3四元渣系Al2O3活度预测模型

高炉渣系各组元活度对高炉冶炼和产品质量具有重要的影响作用. 基于分子-离子共存理论,建立CaO-SiO₂-MgO-Al₂O₃四元渣系Al₂O₃活度预测模型;结合试验测定值对其进行验证与修正,最终建立了修正的CaO-SiO₂-MgO-Al₂O₃四元渣系Al₂O₃活度预测模型;同时,依据模型计算结果探究R(w(CaO)/w(SiO₂)),w(MgO)/w(Al₂O₃)和w(Al₂O₃)对Al₂O₃活度的影响. 研究结果表明:修正后的CaO-SiO₂-MgO-Al₂O₃四元渣系Al₂O₃活度预测模型具有较高的预测精度,能够很好地预测熔渣Al₂O₃活度;当w(MgO)/w(Al₂O₃)=0.40,w(Al₂O₃)=20%时,随着R增加,Al₂O₃活度逐渐减小;当R=1.25,w(Al₂O₃)=20%时,随着w(MgO)/w(Al₂O₃)增加,Al₂O₃活度逐渐减小;当w(MgO)/w(Al₂O₃)=0.40,R=1.25时,随着w(Al₂O₃)增加,Al₂O₃活度逐渐增大.     

Formation mechanism of an aluminium-based chemical conversion coating on AZ91D magnesium alloy

An environmentally clean aluminium-based conversion coating on AZ91D magnesium alloy was studied in aluminium nitrate solutions. The morphology, composition, structure, and formation mechanism of the coating were investigated in detail using scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersion spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and electrochemical corrosion tests. The results show that the conversion coating is composed of magnesium, aluminium, and oxygen, and shows an amorphous structure. In the initial stage of coating formation, the grain-like nucleus is composed of Al₁₀O₁₅·xH₂O, (Al₂O₃)_5.333, Al₂O₃, AlO(OH), MgAl₂O₄, (Mg_0.88Al_0.12)(Al_0.94Mg_0.06)₂O₄, and (Mg_0.68Al_0.32)(Al_0.84Mg_0.16)₂O₄. The conversion coating formed in the 0.01 mol/L aluminium nitrate solution for 15 min can improve the corrosion resistance of the magnesium alloy greatly. The discussion reveals that the possible formation mechanism for the aluminium-based conversion coating is the reduction reaction on micro-cathodic sites due to the electrochemically heterogeneous magnesium alloy substrate.     

原位光反应法合成过氧桥连草酸铀酰配合物

在室温和实验室灯光照射条件下, 通过原位光化学反应, 分别以乙二胺和二亚乙基三胺为模板, 合成3种过氧桥连的草酸铀酰配合物[NH₃(CH₂)₂NH₃]₃[(UO₂)₂O₂(C₂O₄)₄]·4H₂O (1), [NH₃(CH₂)₂NH₂(CH₂)₂NH₃]₂[(UO₂)₂O₂(C₂O₄)₄]·2H₂O (2)和[NH₃(CH₂)₂NH₂(CH₂)₂NH₃]₂[(UO₂)₂O₂(C₂O₄)₄] (3)。借助单晶X射线衍射、拉曼光谱(Raman)、粉末X射线衍射(PXRD)和热重分析(TGA), 对配合物的结构及其性质进行表征和分析。1和2中U-O₂-U二面角为180°, 而通常过氧配合物的过氧二面角小于180°。2和3中过氧键的键长比正常的过氧键长短, 其中2更接近超氧键的键长, 但价态和拉曼图谱都表明其为过氧键。     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

Sintering Behavior and Microstructure of diphasic β-Sialon/Al2O3 Composites

Six compositions with different ratio of β-Sialon/Al₂O₃ were synthesized from Al₂O₃, Si₃N₄ and SiO₂ by sintering with 3%Y₂O₃(mass fraction) as addition under the cover with powders of SiC+C and at nitrogen atmosphere. Theeffects of atmosphere, sintering temperature and composition on the sintering behavior were studied. The results showedthat the composites reached the best sintering behavior with the highest density about 92% at 1 650℃ under the weakreduction atmosphere. Finally the relative density of diphasic β-Sialon and β-Sialon/Al₂O₃ composites were studied andpredicted using ANN (Artificial Neural Networks) method and the results were experimental examined by fore randomsamples.     

纳米Al2O3颗粒对Cu-Al2O3性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米Al₂O₃颗粒,通过粉末冶金法制备氧化铝铜（Cu-Al₂O₃）。采用X射线光电子能谱仪、扫描电子显微镜、洛氏硬度仪和涡流计分别测试了Cu-Al₂O₃的结合能、微观组织、硬度和导电率。结果表明：随Al₂O₃颗粒含量的增加,Cu-Al₂O₃的硬度先升高后降低,当Al₂O₃颗粒的质量分数达到0.084%时,Cu-Al₂O₃的硬度达到最大值75.73（HRB）。Cu-Al₂O₃的导电率随着Al₂O₃颗粒含量的增加逐渐下降。Al₂O₃颗粒的质量分数为0.084%时为最佳值,Cu-Al₂O₃的硬度达到最大值,导电率达到69.1% IACS。     

冲击载荷下氧化铝陶瓷的动态响应实验研究

为研究冲击载荷氧化铝陶瓷的动态响应特性,采用DISAR测试系统,测得了氧化铝陶瓷试件的自由面粒子速度时程曲线. 实验结果表明,在不同的实验条件下,粒子速度时程曲线的上升前沿出现了不同程度的趋缓现象,这说明陶瓷材料在冲击载荷作用下表现出了 "类塑性"的特征. 同时,实验中陶瓷材料的Hugoniot弹性极限存在着随试件厚度增加而衰减的变化规律,这在一定程度上反映了陶瓷材料的动态响应特性.      

Al2O3/WO3/ZrO2催化剂的制备及在酯交换反应中的研究

以松木为模板,采用模板法将不同含量的Al₂O₃添加到WO₃/ZrO₂复合氧化物中,采用X射线衍射、BET比表面积分析、拉曼光谱和NH₃等温吸附测试等手段对其进行表征,以评估其改进结果。将Al₂O₃/WO₃/ZrO₂催化剂应用到甲醇与乌桕油（非食用油）的酯交换反应中,在其他反应条件相同,Al₂O₃质量分数为3%时,生物柴油最高产率达到83.1%。结果表明：添加Al₂O₃稳定了ZrO₂的四方相结构,使得催化剂比表面积更大、孔数量增加;模板法制备的催化剂孔径分布均匀,WO₃呈高度分散无定型状态;引入Al₂O₃增加了WO₃/ZrO₂催化剂的中强酸性,对弱酸性和强酸性无明显改变。     

复合添加炭黑对低碳铝碳材料显微结构与性能的影响

以板状刚玉颗粒、活性氧化铝微粉、Si粉为主要原料,以N220或N990炭黑为碳源,以热固性酚醛树脂为结合剂,在埋炭条件下制备低碳铝碳材料,研究添加不同炭黑对所制得试样显微结构、抗折强度及热震稳定性的影响。结果表明,添加N220炭黑有利于促进材料的致密化和有效发挥纳米炭黑粒子对热应力的吸收作用,降低热冲击对材料结构的破坏,而添加N990炭黑有助于改善铝碳材料的孔结构,有利于试样在高温下形成长径比更大的碳化硅晶须,从而提高材料的力学性能;复合添加N220、N990炭黑能提高低碳铝碳材料试样的强度和抗热震性。材料热震后的抗折强度为7.44 MPa、残余强度保持率为53%~62%。     

纳米Fe2O3-Al2O3复合材料的制备

采用溶胶-凝胶表面包覆法制备了纳米Fe₂O₃-Al₂ O₃复合材料, 利用X射线衍射和透射电镜对样品的物相、 粒度和形貌进行了研 究. 结果表明, α-Fe₂O₃掺杂降低了Al₂O₃相变温度, 在900 ℃可以得到稳定的α-Al₂O₃相.     

Oxidation behavior of in-situ Al2O3/TiAl composites at 900°C in static air

In-situ Al₂O₃/TiAl composites were successfully synthesized from the starting powders of Ti, Al, TiO₂ and Nb₂O₅. The oxidation behavior of the composites at 900°C in static air was investigated. The results indicate that the composite samples present a much lower oxidation mass gain. Under long-time intensive oxidation exposure, the formed oxide scale is multi-layer. The formation of the outer TiO₂ layer is fine and dense, the internal Al₂O₃ scale has good adhesiveness with the outer TiO₂ scale, and the TiO₂+Al₂O₃ mixed layer forming the protective oxide scale is favorable for the improvement of oxidation resistance. It is believed that the incorporation of Al₂O₃ particulates into the metal matrix decreases the coefficient of thermal expansion of the substrate, and forms a local three-dimensional network structure that can hold the oxide scale. The formation of the oxide scale with finer particle size, stronger adherence, less micro-defects and slower growth rate can contribute to the improvement of oxidation resistance. Nb element plays an important role in reducing the internal oxidation action of the materials, restraining the growth of TiO₂ crystals and promoting the stable formation of the Al₂O₃-riched layer, which is beneficial to improve the oxidation properties.     

先驱体转化法制备SiC/Al2O3-PCS陶瓷梯度复合材料

 以聚碳硅烷为先驱体,经过多次表面裂解-浸渍循环制备SiC/Al₂O₃-PCS陶瓷梯度复合材料.DTA-TG分析研究表明,裂解面抗高温氧化性能得到明显改善.显微红外及SEM扫描分析表明裂解表面内聚碳硅烷陶瓷先驱体全部转化为SiC,从裂解面向聚合物层的过渡为连续过渡,没有明显的界面.随着离裂解面的距离增加,Si-H键红外吸收强度逐步增强.     

Interface bond mechanisms of ceramic-cemented carbide compact insert

Conclusion Ceramic-cemented carbide compact inserts have been developed by hot-pressing sintering techniques, the upper part of the compact insert is of Al₂O₃ + TiB₂ ceramic material, while the base part of the compact insert is of WC + Co cemented carbide. The compact insert makes full use of the advantages of the high hardness of ceramic materials and the high strength of cemented carbide, and its mechanical properties are just between that of Al₂O₃ + TiB₂ and WC + Co. SEM, XRD and electron microprobe analysis showed that element diffusion and formation of new phases are the main causes for the bond of Al₂O₃ + TiB₂ with WC + Co in the interface.     

Synthesis and electrochemical properties of LiNi0.8Al0.2−xTixO2 cathode materials by an ultrasonic-assisted co-precipitation method

A new co-precipitation route was proposed to synthesize LiNi_0.8Al_0.2−xTi_xO₂ (x=0.0-0.20) cathode materials for lithium ion batteries, with Ni(NO₃)₂, Al(NO₃)₃, LiOH·H₂O, and TiO₂ as the starting materials. Ultrasonic vibration was used during preparing the precursors, and the precursors were protected by absolute ethanol before calcination in the air. The influences of doped-Ti content, calcination temperature and time, additional Li content, and ultrasonic vibration on the structure and properties of LiNi_0.8Al_0.2−xTi_xO₂ were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and charge-discharge tests, respectively. The results show that the optimal molar fraction of Ti, calcination temperature and time, and additional molar fraction of Li for LiNi_0.8Al_0.2−xTi_xO₂ cathode materials are 0.1, 700°C, 20 h, and 0.05, respectively. Ti doping facilitates the formation of the α-NaFeO₂ layered structure, and ultrasonic vibration improves the electrochemical performance of LiNi_0.8Al_0.2−xTi_xO₂.