黄原胶溶液减阻特性实验

采用较粗水平圆管对两种温度多种浓度黄原胶溶液进行了较系统的实验研究,并应用Metzner-Reed广义雷诺数定义,对管道中不同流动状态的广义雷诺数进行了计算,得到了Fanning系数和广义雷诺数关系图,发现黄原胶溶液从层流到紊流转捩点的广义雷诺数随着溶液浓度的升高而增大,给出了转捩点广义雷诺数与溶液浓度变化的关系表达式.此外还发现:在层流区,黄原胶溶液的Fanning阻力系数与广义雷诺数之间具有良好的线性关系,与牛顿流体阻力系数图吻合,这与前人的理论分析及实验研究结果一致;在紊流区,黄原胶溶液具有明显的减阻效应,减阻效应随着溶液浓度的升高而增大.     

黄原胶水溶液结构流变性质的研究

黄原胶水溶液是石油３次开采中的新型聚合物驱油剂，研究了３种黄原胶水溶液在不同溶液浓度，不同离子强度下的流变性质，并用透射电镜观察黄原胶水溶液链的结构形态，结果表明，黄原胶水溶液的粘度和浓度间具有奇特的性质，它对应于黄原胶水溶液内在结构形态的变化，在不同离子强度下，黄原胶水溶液的螺旋结构可被诱发转变，而其结构转变的过程与所测黄原胶水溶液的流变性质吻合。     

黄原胶适宜培养条件的研究

分别研究了野油菜黄单胞菌ＳＤ－２液体种子培养和发酵产胶的适宜条件。液体种子培养的适宜条件为：起始ｐＨ７．０，ＣａＣｏ３ｉ浓度０，培养温度２９℃，５００ｍＬ三角瓶装量１００ｍＬ，发酵产胶的适宜条件为：起始ｐＨ７．，ＣａＣｏ３浓度０．２％，培养温度３１℃，５００ｍＬ。采用适宜条件发酵黄原胶，最终发酵液粘度为８７２０ｍＰａ．ｓ，黄原胶浓度为２．７８％，分别比对照提高了２５．３％和１５．４％。     

键那绿B与黄原胶作用的光散射表征及分析应用

研究了黄原胶和键那绿B(JGB)结合的共振散射光谱.实验结果表明,在pH9.62水溶液中,黄原胶与染料探针JGB发生静电作用,产生了以328.5nm为特征峰的共振光散射(RLS)光谱.此波长下,在一定黄原胶浓度范围内,增强的共振光散射强度(ΔIRLS)与其具有线性关系.据此建立了痕量黄原胶的共振光散射分析方法.当JGB的浓度为2.2×10-5mol/L时,测定黄原胶的检测限为12.24ng/mL.     

黄原胶流变学性质的实验研究

研究了不同浓度黄原胶水溶液的流变学特性,回归了稠度系数K和流变参数n与黄原胶浓度Cp的关系,结果表明：溶液浓度较低时,黄原胶水溶液为牛顿性流体;随着浓度的增加,逐渐转变为假塑性流体．可以分别描述为黄原胶浓度Cp的函数：当0〈Cp≤30g／L时,K=1．128Cp^1.572．当0〈Cp≤8g／L时,n=0．485-0．16lnCp;当8g／L〈Cp≤30g／L时,n=0．075＋0．041lnCp．     

黄原胶水溶液的流变性能

采用ARES流变仪研究了质量浓度为1.0～40.0 g/L的黄原胶水溶液在303.15～343.15 K的流变性能.结果表明:黄原胶水溶液为假塑性流体,幂律模型能很好地关联其流变方程;当质量浓度为2.0 g/L时,黏度和温度关系满足Arrhenius定律,随着黄原胶质量浓度增大,温度对黏度的影响不再符合Arrheniu...     

减压蒸馏对黄原胶质量浓度及相对分子质量的影响

分别采用减压蒸馏后的酒精沉淀法和酒精直接沉淀法处理黄角胶发酵液,提取产品,并计算黄原胶的质量浓度,同时测定了采用两种提取方法所得产品的相对分子质量,研究结果表明,通过减压蒸馏浓缩黄原胶发酵液后,可使提取过程中的酒精用量减少2／3,黄原胶的质量浓度提高25．33％,相对分子质量保持在正常的范围内,且黄原胶的回收率较高。     

苦豆子种子多糖与黄原胶的协效性研究

对苦豆子(SophoraalopecuroidesL )种子多糖(苦豆子胶)与黄原胶的协效性进行了研究.结果表明,不同配比的苦豆子胶与黄原胶混合后,其协效性不同,其中苦豆子胶与黄原胶的重量比为7∶3时,二者的协效性最高,混合液的粘度为黄原胶单溶液粘度的2倍左右,混合溶液为非牛顿流体,具有良好的触变性.研究结论是:苦豆子胶可作为黄原胶的复配胶应用于食品等工业领域.     

斯达油脂酵母U9018胞外多糖的理化性质

报道斯达油脂酵母Ｕ９０１８以蔗糖为基质产生的胞外多糖的一些理化性质．胞外多糖由Ｄ－甘露糖、Ｄ半乳糖和Ｄ－葡萄糖醛酸组成，三种单糖的含量比值为１：１：１，单糖为毗喃型糖．该多糖在低浓度时有较高的粘度，且粘度随浓度或加热温度的提高而增大，２０℃下，０．５％浓度的多糖溶液可形成凝胶，１．５％浓度的多糖溶液形成的凝胶强度可达２１．６５ｇ／ｃｍ￣２，凝胶无色透明，Ｕ９０１８多糖对黄原胶有显着的增粘作用．     

黄原胶水溶液管道流动减阻特性的试验

对连续循环光滑管道(直径分别为5,10,20 mm)中黄原胶水溶液流动的减阻特性进行了试验,分析了黄原胶减阻的浓度效应、管径效应以及抗剪切特性,得到了减阻率与黄原胶水溶液浓度的关系曲线、雷诺数(Re)与减阻率的影响曲线以及减阻率与剪切时间的变化曲线.结果表明:黄原胶是很好的减阻剂,在较低Re流动时黄原胶在相对较小直径(5,10 mm)管道中表现为B型减阻特性,而在较大管径(20 mm)中则为A型减阻;在高Re时黄原胶水溶液在3种管径管道流动中皆表现为B型减阻,由于其主要具有B型减阻特性,使得黄原胶具有较好的抗剪切特性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…