改进的认知无线电系统中频谱共享博弈算法

为提高博弈策略的合理性和有效性,提出了一种分布式的频谱共享博弈算法.考虑主用户的二次边际成本函数,得到满足稀有频谱资源分配属性的价格函数;设计了节省信道开销的动态次用户信任度机制,对干扰主用户通信的次用户进行惩罚,从而优化频谱共享环境;引入主用户价格反馈机制,实现算法分层,保证主用户和次用户获得最大的效用,并提高频谱的利用率.仿真分析也表明了所提出的博弈算法能使频谱分配更加合理和有效.      

基于干扰效率的星地认知网络功率分配算法

针对Underlay模式基于能量效率的功率控制算法未能准确反映次用户与主用户之间干扰性能导致系统容量下降的问题,综合考虑次用户能量有限及卫星链路和地面链路的差异性,定义干扰效率为认知卫星用户总的传输速率与地面基站接收到的干扰的比值,建立了基于干扰效率的星地认知网络上行链路功率分配模型,在此基础上提出一种基于干扰效率的功率分配算法.通过引入干扰门限约束及信干噪比约束条件,利用非线性分式规划理论和拉格朗日对偶法求解出最优功率.仿真结果表明:该算法能在较好满足次用户通信质量的前提下,有效减少对主用户的干扰,提升系统的干扰效率.     

基于干扰效率的认知OFDMA网络功率分配算法

为了提高认知无线电网络的系统能量效率,同时减小对频谱授权者主用户的干扰,提出了一种新的下行传输干扰效率最大的认知正交频分多址接入(orthogonal frequency division multiplexing access, OFDMA)网络功率分配算法。干扰效率定义为次用户总的传输速率与对主用户总干扰功率的比值。由于原资源分配问题是一个非凸形式的分式规划问题,难以获得功率分配问题的解析解。利用Dinkelbach方法将原问题转换为一个凸优化问题,并利用拉格朗日对偶原理和次梯度更新算法来获得解析解。最后,仿真结果表明,该算法具有较好的收敛性能,并且在干扰效率、对主用户的干扰控制方面都优于传统能效最大的功率分配算法。     

认知网络预编码干扰对齐算法

针对一对主用户和多对次用户的认知多输入多输出（MIMO）系统,通过对次用户的发送端的两次预编码设计,在消除主次用户间干扰的基础上减少次用户间的干扰,有效地提高系统容量。第一次进行的预编码设计使用注水法将认知用户对于主用户的干扰对齐到主用户没有使用的空间子信道,第二次进行的预编码设计使用了最大信干噪比算法来消除次用户间的干扰。理论分析和仿真结果表明,算法在有效消除对主用户干扰的同时,次用户的吞吐量相比传统的认知系统注水功率分配法有显著提升。     

一种基于博弈论价格机制的频谱分配算法

为了提高认知无线电系统频谱分配的效率,建立了基于博弈论价格机制频谱分配系统模型,避免了价格因主系统频谱增加而降低的缺陷.该模型利用频谱政策服务器对特定区域的频谱进行统一分配,充分发挥了主系统的先动优势和次用户的后动优势.同时,根据次用户对不同频段的偏好引入差异性的概念,设计了认知无线电的静态博弈算法.该算法在深入分析频谱需求函数、次用户效用函数、主系统成本函数和主系统效用函数的基础上,以最大化主系统和次用户效用为设计目标,验证了纳什均衡点的存在性.仿真结果表明,在主系统对称和非对称2种情况下,所提算法能够有效地改善主系统的频谱利用率,提高主系统和次用户的效用.     

认知多址接入系统中的能量消耗优化研究

考虑认知多址接入系统中的多个次用户与主用户同时共享多个信道的能量消耗问题,次用户能够同时感知和接入多个主用户信道并把对主用户的干扰维持在一定的范围内。为了减少能量消耗,需要对感知时间、信道以及功率进行合理的分配,同时,把干扰功率作为约束条件以保证主用户的服务质量。在基于多用户多信道感知的频谱共享方案中,所建立的初始优化问题为非凸整型组合分式规划问题,为了对感知时间、信道及功率进行联合优化,将其进行凸松弛并进一步转化为一个含参数的线性问题,从而提出一种最小化能量消耗的算法。通过实验仿真讨论次用户数量,信道数量及干扰功率对能量消耗和最优感知时间的影响,同时也验证了分析结果。     

协作中继认知无线电中功率分配算法

基于协作中继的思想, 提出一种组成次用户协助主用户传输的系统模型, 用基于解码转发的Lagrange对偶优化功率分配算法进行功率分配, 解决了次用户接入主用户频段产生的干扰过大问题. 仿真结果表明, 该算法在保障次用户正常通信的前提下, 可大幅度降低对主用户的干扰, 即可有效增大主用户对外界环境的抵抗力, 并提高主用户的系统容量.     

协作中继认知无线电中功率分配算法

基于协作中继的思想, 提出一种组成次用户协助主用户传输的系统模型, 用基于解码转发的Lagrange对偶优化功率分配算法进行功率分配, 解决了次用户接入主用户频段产生的干扰过大问题. 仿真结果表明, 该算法在保障次用户正常通信的前提下, 可大幅度降低对主用户的干扰, 即可有效增大主用户对外界环境的抵抗力, 并提高主用户的系统容量.     

基于超模博弈的认知无线电频谱分配算法

为实现认知无线电系统吞吐量最大化的目标,以正交频分复用(orthogonal frequency division multiplexing,OFDM)为系统模型,提出了一种基于超模博弈的认知无线电频谱分配算法,该算法通过引入适当的价格函数来评估认知用户对主用户的影响,并以此为根据对认知用户施以一定的价格惩罚,最终达到减少认知用户对主用户干扰的目的。仿真结果表明,该算法最终能够达到收敛,降低了认知用户对主用户的干扰,明显地提高了系统的吞吐量。     

基于超模博弈的认知无线电频谱分配算法

为实现认知无线电系统吞吐量最大化的目标,以正交频分复用(orthogonal frequency division multiplexing,OFDM)为系统模型,提出了一种基于超模博弈的认知无线电频谱分配算法,该算法通过引入适当的价格函数来评估认知用户对主用户的影响,并以此为根据对认知用户施以一定的价格惩罚,最终达到减少认知用户时主用户干扰的目的.仿真结果表明,该算法最终能够达到收敛,降低了认知用户对主用户的干扰,明显地提高了系统的吞吐量.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.