新型高温酸化缓蚀剂SJ-1的制备及性能研究

为进一步增强酸化缓蚀剂在高温深井中的缓蚀效果,本实验以氯甲基萘为季铵化中间体,与双曼尼希碱反应,合成得到一种双曼尼希碱季铵盐,通过单因素分析法优选复配分散剂和增效剂得到高温酸化缓蚀剂SJ-1,使用失重法和电化学法评价其缓蚀性能。研究结果表明,高温酸化缓蚀剂SJ-1在180℃下,加量仅为3%时,就能使N80钢片在20%盐酸和土酸中的腐蚀速率分别达到70.15 g/(m2·h)和65.32 g/(m2·h),均小于SY/T 5405—2019中的一级指标;高温酸化缓蚀剂SJ-1是以抑制阳极过程为主的混合控制型缓蚀剂;量子化学计算结果表明,以氯甲基萘为中间体合成的双曼尼希碱季铵盐缓蚀性能优于以氯化苄为中间体合成的。     

一种新型冻胶酸缓蚀剂的研制

缓蚀剂是酸液中较为重要的一种添加剂,针对冻胶酸对油管、套管及井下金属设备的腐蚀,研究了一系列单一缓蚀剂的缓蚀效果,并通过复配得到高温复合型缓蚀剂—NKJ。静态腐蚀实验得到此复合型缓蚀剂在90℃、浓度为20％的盐酸的冻胶酸中的缓蚀率为98.0％,达到行业三级标准,高温高压动态实验得到该缓蚀剂平均腐蚀率为28.96 g/(m2•h),达到行业一级标准。     

乙醇胺为主体的CO_2吸收剂的复配研究

以改善乙醇胺(MEA)水溶液吸收负荷、吸收速率、再生程度和防腐蚀等性能为目标,对以MEA为主体的复配吸收剂的性能进行了研究。结果表明,在MEA水溶液中加入哌嗪(PZ)或者2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇(AMP)能提高MEA水溶液吸收CO2的负荷、平均吸收速率和再生性能。在溶液中加入少量氧化膜型缓蚀剂能有效抑制吸收剂溶液对碳钢的腐蚀,吸收剂溶液对碳钢的腐蚀速率从无缓蚀剂条件下的1.96 g/(m2.h)可降低到0.2 g/(m2.h)左右,极大地改善了吸收剂溶液的防腐蚀性能,对碳钢材料起到了较好的保护作用,缓蚀效果为偏钒酸钠铬酸钾重铬酸钾亚硝酸钠硝酸钠磷酸钠亚硫酸钠。     

恐龙化石的人工加速腐蚀研究

为了深入探讨恐龙化石的风化原因,为恐龙化石新型保护材料的研制提供理论支持,项目采用0.5,1,2mol/L硫酸溶液,二氧化碳饱和液与5%碳酸氢钠溶液对自贡出土恐龙化石进行人工加速腐蚀实验;利用失重法、XRD、XRF和显微法表征.结果表明:3种介质对化石腐蚀速率依次为硫酸溶液24.213 6g/(m2·h),二氧化碳0.663 7g/(m2·h),碳酸氢钠0.126 3g/(m2·h).硫酸溶液对化石腐蚀速率是二氧化碳的36.5倍,是碳酸氢钠溶液的191.7倍;在0.5mol/L硫酸溶液腐蚀下,XRD和XRF说明化石中CaCO3首先腐蚀,腐蚀量最大,腐蚀后化石中钙含量减少66.4%.化石腐蚀前后形貌变化与腐蚀速率一致.     

咪唑啉季铵盐缓蚀剂的合成及应用性能评价

以腐蚀速率为评价指标,以原料配比、反应时间、催化剂加量为考察因素,采用正交实验设计,得到了咪唑啉季铵盐缓蚀剂的最佳合成条件:苯甲酸与三乙烯四胺物质的量比为2∶1,先在140～160℃经缩合脱水反应2 h,再升温至220～250℃环化脱水反应2 h,得到咪唑啉中间体;然后使中间体与氯化苄在90℃左右反应4 h,得到咪唑啉季铵盐缓蚀剂主剂.将主剂与表面活性剂和溶剂复配,得到酸化缓蚀剂.采用静态挂片失重法和电化学方法考察了该缓蚀剂的缓蚀性能.结果显示:缓蚀剂质量分数为1%时,N80钢在90℃体积分数为15%的HCl介质中,缓蚀率为97%;缓蚀剂是以抑制阳极为主的混合型缓蚀剂.     

海带提取物对盐酸溶液中碳钢的缓蚀性能

以水为溶剂,通过压榨、搅拌、抽滤、烘干获得海带提取物缓蚀剂,采用失重法、极化曲线、扫描电镜考察了海带提取物对盐酸溶液中碳钢的缓蚀性能.结果表明:60℃添加200mg/L海带提取物的1mol/L盐酸溶液中碳钢的腐蚀速率为6.88g/(m~2·h),缓蚀效率为95.19%,提取物在碳钢表面的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温式.提取物对盐酸溶液中碳钢腐蚀的阴极过程和阳极过程均有抑制作用,腐蚀电位变化不大,表明提取物为混合型缓蚀剂.添加缓蚀剂后,腐蚀电流密度由9.00×10~(-2) A·cm~(-2)降至2.21×10~(-2) A·cm~(-2).扫描电镜照片表明,添加海带提取物后,盐酸溶液中碳钢的腐蚀被明显抑制,打磨划痕清晰可见,未见局部腐蚀发生.     

重组大肠杆菌BL21(pBAI)生产人干扰素α2b

通过培养重组大肠杆菌BL21(pBAI)表达人干扰素α2b(Human Interferon α2b,hIFNα2b).hIFNα2b表达由PL,启动子控制,通过升温至42℃诱导表达.本研究比较了分批培养和多种补料分批培养方式下hIFNα2b的生产,其中通过恒速流加葡萄糖,hIFNα2b的表达量达到6 540 mg/L,平均生产速率和比速率分别为546 mg/(L·h)和27 mg/(g·h).升温前1.5 h补充25 g酵母提取物,并以0.27 g/(g·h)的比速率供应葡萄糖,hIFNα2b的平均生产速率达到1 006 mg/(L·h),比生产速率为54 mg/(g·h),对有机氮源的得率提高到138 mg/g.     

新型季铵盐的合成及其缓蚀性能研究

介绍了一种新型季铵盐固体DZ-1的合成方法,初步研究了季铵盐作为单组分缓蚀剂对碳钢在盐酸酸洗液中的缓蚀性能,讨论了缓蚀剂浓度、酸液浓度、温度和Fe3+浓度等因素对缓蚀效果影响．实验结果表明,新型季铵盐固体DZ-1具有合成方法简单、不燃不爆、用量低、缓蚀性能好的优点,可直接用作温度低于70℃、浓度小于10％的盐酸酸洗缓蚀剂．     

复配缓蚀剂在油水混合液中的缓蚀性能

以2-巯基苯并咪唑（MBI）为缓蚀剂,MBI与十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为复配缓蚀剂,考察其在模拟油田情况下对20#钢的缓蚀性能的影响。采用SEM和AES考察缓蚀剂使用前后碳钢的表面形貌和各元素含量,利用腐蚀速率快速评定仪对20#钢材料的腐蚀速率进行测定,由电化学工作站测试20#钢的极化曲线和交流阻抗曲线。实验结果表明,当测试温度为30℃时,单独使用MBI对20#钢有一定缓蚀效果, MBI质量浓度为1.98g/L时缓蚀效率最高,为86.04%;当采用MBI+CTAB复配缓蚀剂时,缓蚀效果优于单独使用MBI时的缓蚀效果, CTAB质量浓度为0.3g/L时缓蚀效率达到95.87%。     

咪唑啉季铵盐的合成及其在CO2腐蚀环境中的缓蚀性能

分别使用硫酸二乙酯、氯化苄和冰醋酸三种季铵化试剂对由油酸、二乙烯三胺合成的咪唑啉进行季铵化，使用动态失重法对比了它们在CO2腐蚀环境中对Q235钢的缓蚀性能，并用电化学方法研究了缓蚀机理。结果表明：使用硫酸二乙酯合成的咪唑啉季铵盐BMI-D比其他两种咪唑啉季铵盐具有更好的缓蚀效果；BMI-D与烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚的最佳质量分数配比为2∶1时可制得复合缓蚀剂BMI-DA，当BMI-DA质量浓度为100mg/L时，缓蚀率可达到97.55%；BMI-DA是以控制阳极过程为主的混合型缓蚀剂。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.