小波阈值去噪在烟气轮机信号分析中的应用

由于烟气轮机振动信号中含有大量的噪声成分,常使其非线性特征量的提取不准确,因此将基于阈值的小波去噪应用于烟气轮机振动信号分析中。首先介绍了小波阈值去噪的基本原理、阈值和阈值函数的选择方法,并对阈值函数进行了改进;然后分别对含噪Lorenz信号和实测振动信号进行小波阈值去噪实验,计算了其去噪前、后的关联维数。结果表明,小波分解后,不同尺度上信号和噪声的小波系数的分布规律明显不同,通过对其分析可以合理选择小波分解的尺度;在此基础上对小波系数进行阈值处理并重构,能有效地去除信号中含有的噪声,很好地保存信号的局部特征;去噪后信号的伪相图更加规则,关联维数估计值更加合理。该方法能提高信号分析的准确率。     

基于提升小波变换的心音去噪新方法

针对传统的小波阈值函数去噪无法有效滤除信号中的特定噪声,结合软、硬阈值函数的优点,提出了一种基于提升小波新阈值函数算法对心音信号进行去噪.首先利用提升小波变换对心音信号进行分解;然后利用新阈值函数更新其小波系数进行重构;最后与提升小波软、硬阈值函数去噪后的心音进行了希尔伯特包络提取验证其去噪效果.实验结果表明,提出的提升小波去噪新方法较软、硬阈值方法有更好的滤波效果,且提取的曲线包络更加清晰、平滑.     

基于小波熵的矿用齿轮箱振动信号相关去噪法

 利用真实信号小波系数相邻层间相关性强的特性,将基于小波熵的相关去噪法应用于矿用齿轮箱振动信号的处理,进行有用系数和噪声系数的划分,并对有用的小波系数进行重构,恢复原有真实信号,去噪过程中采用小波熵自适应设定阈值。为比较小波自适应相关去噪和硬阈值与传统相关性去噪的性能,分别对仿真信号和齿轮箱实测振动信号进行去噪处理,通过3种去噪方法的重构波形对比和信噪比与标准差的定量评价,以及实测信号的功率谱分析,表明小波熵相关去噪法有效提高了矿用齿轮箱振动信号的可信度。     

一种新的超声导波信号小波阈值去噪方法

在断轨检测中,为了获取有效的超声导波信号,必须对超声导波进行相应的去噪工作,而去噪效果的好坏直接影响到测量结果精度和可靠性。为了进一步提高去噪效果,本文针对传统的阈值函数法的不足,进行适当的改进,即提出一种新的小波阈值函数来提高去噪效果。文中简述了该种小波阈值函数的原理及构建,并进行了相关的仿真和分析;将该种方法的去噪效果与传统的软、硬阈值函数法去噪效果进行比较。结果表明,相对软阈值函数法,新阈值函数方法去噪后信号信噪比提高6%~15%,均方误差降低14%左右;相对硬阈值函数法,新阈值函数方法去噪后信号信噪比提高8%~25%,均方误差降低20%左右,并且新阈值函数方法去噪后信号幅值非常接近原始信号幅值,即该种超声导波小波阈值法相对于上述传统阈值函数法去噪效果有明显提升。     

基于自适应阈值小波变换的心音去噪方法

在采集心音信号时,难免会引入一些噪声,对心音信号诊断之前必须对其做去噪处理。由于心音信号是非线性非平稳信号,对心音信号去噪处理常用小波变换去噪方法,但是传统的小波阈值函数去噪方法需要自定义阈值,去噪效果也不理想,且可能会滤除了大量的细节特征,从而无法对心音信号做出正确的判断。为了克服传统小波阈值函数对心音信号去噪处理出现失真的问题,本文在半软阈值函数的基础上提出了基于蚁群算法优化选取阈值的非线性小波变换去噪方法。以原始心音为研究对象,通过选用db6小波并进行6层小波分解,分别选用硬阈值函数、软阈值函数、半软阈值函数、蚁群算法的优化阈值的半软函数等不同的小波去噪处理,并将去噪效果与原始心音进行对比,然后利用蚁群算法的全局搜索性搜索最小均方误差意义下的最佳阈值。仿真结果分析表明:蚁群算法优化选取阈值的心音去噪效果不仅能够去除噪声,还能保留信号细节特征,该方法与传统的硬阈值函数去噪方法相比信号的信噪比(SNR)和均方根误差(RMSE)均得到明显的改善。     

自适应小波阈值融合去噪法对采煤机振动信号的处理

提出一种自适应小波阈值去噪方法,该方法综合软、硬阈值函数的优点,构建了改进的阈值函数,赋予融合系数μ非定值表达式,使其具有较好的适应性。针对采煤机振动信号采集过程中的背景噪声较大的问题,采取分段阈值的方式,阈值根据信号分解层数的不同来确定。Matlab仿真实验表明,与软、硬阈值去噪法相比,改进的阈值去噪法去噪能力更强,而且能更好地保留原始信号的特征,对原始信号的重构更为准确。运用该方法对采煤机摇臂所采集的振动信号进行去噪处理,有效地去除了高频噪声信号,保留了齿轮啮合频率所在的低频频段,提高了信号的信噪比。     

基于新阈值函数的二进小波变换信号去噪研究

由于二进小波变换的小波基函数存在着一定的冗余,基于二进小波变换的去噪效果要好于离散小波变换的信号去噪·噪声阈值的准确估计和阈值函数的选择对去噪精度有着显著的影响·在分析高斯噪声的二进小波变换特性基础上,提出了一种改进的二进小波变换去噪方法·采用一种新的阈值函数,克服了Donoho软阈值方法中估计小波系数与分解小波系数存在恒定偏差的缺陷·仿真结果表明,改进的二进小波去噪方法不仅可以有效地抑制信号奇异点处的pseudo-Gibbs现象,而且消噪精度高于传统的软硬阈值方法·     

基于小波熵的最优阈值去噪方法

小波去噪的核心问题是如何选取合适的阈值函数,进而估计出原始信号的小波系数.现有的改进去噪函数中大都含有需要根据经验来确定的待定参数,易用性和去噪效果均不理想.基于信号的小波熵理论,提出了令去噪后得到原始信号和噪声信号的小波熵之和为最大、从而获得了最优的小波软阈值去噪函数.对含噪声的Blocks信号进行仿真分析的结果证实了文中提出方法的有效性,该方法比采用软、硬阈值方法具有更好去噪效果.     

基于改进小波去噪预处理和EEMD的采煤机齿轮箱故障诊断

针对采煤现场强噪声背景下采煤机齿轮箱振动信号集合经验模态分解(EEMD)故障特征不明显和分解效率较低的问题,提出基于改进小波去噪预处理和EEMD的故障诊断方法。采用小波改进阈值函数法对振动信号进行去噪预处理,与传统小波阈值函数法相比能够有效地提高信号的信噪比。对去噪后的信号进行EEMD分解得到若干个本征模态分量(IMF),计算各IMF分量的相关度并剔除虚假分量。将该方法应用于采煤机齿轮箱行星轮的故障诊断,通过对真实的IMF分量进行频谱分析并提取信号的故障特征频率,与未去噪的信号进行对比。研究结果表明:该方法能够突出故障特征频率,使分解效率提高17.35%,并能进一步减小模态混叠现象。     

自适应小波阈值算法在应答器信号去噪中的应用

为了改善应答器信号的去噪效果,利用小波变换具有多分辨分析的特点,在分析硬阈值和软阈值函数小波去噪的基础上,提出了一种改进的自适应阈值量化方法。该方法克服了硬阈值函数存在间断点和软阈值函数存在恒定偏差的问题,能够自动地调节阈值量化规则,具有更好的连续性。仿真结果表明:改进的自适应小波阈值算法对应答器信号进行消噪处理后,信噪比增益、均方差均优于传统的阈值算法和现有的改进阈值算法,并且能很好地保留原始信号的特征信息。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to