硫酸铵对氧化锌生长及形貌的影响

以硝酸锌、葡萄糖、氨水、硫酸铵为原料,用微波辅助沉淀法制备了氧化锌(ZnO)样品,研究了葡萄糖和硫酸铵的加入对ZnO生长及形貌的影响.利用X射线粉末衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜对样品物相结构和形貌进行了表征.结果表明:加入葡萄糖后,ZnO形貌由海胆状转变为球状;加入硫酸铵所制备的样品的形貌,随着硫酸铵浓度的增加,呈现球状→花状→柱状的转变.     

单分散ZnO微球的合成及表征

以Zn(NO3)2.6H2O为前驱体,采用水热法在三乙醇胺和水的混合溶剂中合成了单分散的ZnO微球。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对ZnO微球进行表征。结果表明制备的样品具有六角纤锌矿结构,单分散的ZnO微球是由几十纳米的小颗粒聚集形成的。样品的形貌与三乙醇胺含量和前驱体浓度密切相关。随着三乙醇胺含量的增加,ZnO由不规则形状的颗粒转变为球形颗粒。此外,随着前驱体浓度增大,ZnO的形貌由球状变为六棱柱状。因此,要合成单分散的ZnO微球必须要严格控制前驱体浓度和三乙醇胺的含量。     

Mg掺杂对ZnO纳米棒阵列的形貌及光学性能的影响

采用水热法在AZO(Al掺杂ZnO)衬底上制备ZnO纳米棒阵列.探讨了Mg掺杂物质的量浓度对ZnO纳米棒形貌及光学性能的影响,采用XRD、SEM、PL分别对样品的结构、形貌、光致发光性能进行了表征.结果表明:Mg的掺入使ZnO纳米棒的直径减小,端面由六棱柱状结构转变为尖锥状结构,在Mg与Zn的原子比为6∶100时,纳米棒顶端已全部转变为锥状结构,纳米棒长度达到最大值2.32μm,且(002)晶面的衍射峰强度及紫外发射峰强度都达到最大值.     

两种不同形貌的ZnO纳米粒子的制备和光学性质研究

以Zn(NO3)2·6H2O为原料,聚乙二醇(PEG)为结构导向剂,通过改变沉淀剂KOH的用量,制备了花瓣状和海胆状ZnO纳米粒子,用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X射线能量扩散光谱仪(EDS)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、高分辨扫描电子显微镜(HRSEM)对样品进行表征,研究了样品的激光拉曼散射光谱(Raman)、光致发光(PL)性质.结果表明,两种不同形貌的ZnO纳米粒子具有不同的光学活性.     

水热合成法制备高纯ZnSnO3纳米粒子

以醋酸锌((CH3COO)2Zn.2H2O)和四氯化锡(SnCl4.5H2O)为原料,采用有机碱四甲基氢氧化铵(N(CH3)4OH)作为矿化剂,用水热合成方法制备高纯钙钛矿型ZnSnO3纳米粒子,并采用XRD、TG-DTA、IR等分析方法表征产物的晶体结构和形态.结果表明:反应过程中存在着明显的晶型转化,反应温度和时间是合成高纯ZnSnO3纳米粒子的关键因素.反应时间的延长和温度的升高,有利于晶体的生长和晶形转化.前驱体Zn2+浓度的提高,有利于制备较小的ZnSnO3纳米粒子.     

ZnO纳米微粒的制备与表征

以Zn(Ac)2·2 H2O为原料,通过溶胶-凝胶法合成了纳米级ZnO微粒.研究了主盐浓度、沉淀剂用量、溶剂用量、胶溶剂浓度和凝胶干燥温度对胶溶过程以及微粒粒度的影响.在最佳工艺条件下,Zn(OH)2凝胶在400 ℃高温炉中煅烧2 h,可得到球状ZnO微粒,其平均粒度为30～40 nm,晶体结构为六方晶型.     

低温水热制备ZnO纳米棒及其生长机理

以Zn(NO3)2·6H2O为前驱体,在碱性环境中,低温水热方法直接制备了ZnO纳米棒.应用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对样品进行了表征;通过光催化降解亚甲基蓝来评价ZnO的光催化活性;对60℃,1～24 h范围内不同水热样品,进行了形貌观察,分析了ZnO的形核过程.结果表明:ZnO为六边棱柱状纳米棒,晶型为纤锌矿结构;ZnO纳米棒的表观生长速率约为0.7μm/h,表观形核时间约为3 min;碱性条件是影响形核的重要因素;光催化活性随水热时间的增加而增强.     

ZnO纳米棒光学性质的调制及其稳定性

采用醋酸锌和六亚甲基四胺为源,95℃下在生长ZnO籽晶的玻璃衬底上生长了大面积分布均匀的ZnO纳米棒阵列.用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和光谱仪分析了纳米棒的结构、形貌和光学性质,研究了溶液中Zn2+的浓度及其与六亚甲基四胺的相对比例对纳米棒性能的影响.结果表明,纳米棒的尺寸和性能对溶液中Zn2+离子和六亚甲基四胺的浓度及相对比例非常敏感,通过调制他们的浓度与比例可以有效地调制纳米棒的尺寸与性能.当Zn2+与六亚甲基四胺的比例一定时,增大Zn2+的浓度促进纳米棒的择优生长;在一定的Zn2+浓度的溶液中,增大六亚甲基四胺的浓度,ZnO纳米棒的长度和直径都随之增大,ZnO纳米棒有非常良好的c轴择优取向,趋向于沿垂直于衬底的方向生长,同时纳米棒的紫外荧光增强,可见区荧光减弱.350℃下退火20min后,纳米棒阵列的紫外荧光减弱.     

化学气相沉积法合成梳状纳米ZnO及其发光性能研究

在600~700 ℃,无催化剂条件下热蒸发Zn及Zn与醋酸锌(Zn(Ac)2)的混合物,成功合成了梳状纳米ZnO.通过场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)及高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)对各类反应条件下所制备的ZnO纳米形貌进行了观察,结果表明,ZnO纳米结构具有规整的梳状,且为单晶结构,同时对梳状纳米结构体系的生长机理进行了探讨.室温光致发光谱显示,梳状ZnO的紫外发射峰位为397 nm,有明显的红移,同时半高宽(FWHM)变大,而绿光发射峰位在453~493 nm之间分裂为4个次级峰,有明显的蓝移.     

微波水热法制备ZnO/氧化石墨烯及其光电化学性能研究

利用微波水热法在316L不锈钢片基底上制备一维ZnO纳米阵列/氧化石墨烯(ZnO/GO)复合材料,借助SEM、TEM、UV-Vis及可见光光照下的恒电位i-t曲线等手段,对加入氧化石墨烯浓度不同的ZnO/GO样品的形貌、结构及光电化学性能进行表征。结果表明,ZnO纳米棒均匀垂直于316L不锈钢基底生长,GO片层嵌入在ZnO纳米棒结构中间;GO的引入促进了ZnO中产生的光生电子-空穴对的分离,从而使ZnO/GO复合材料相较于ZnO具有更佳的光电化学性能。当加入GO溶液浓度为0.5mg/mL时,所制样品中ZnO纳米棒阵列发育完善、排列致密,样品的光电流密度达到18μA/cm~2,为纯一维ZnO纳米结构相应值的3.6倍。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.