钙芒硝盐岩溶蚀的角度效应

为更深入的了解钙芒硝盐岩的溶解特性,促进水溶开采钙芒硝矿和盐穴储气库建造中钙芒硝夹层溶蚀的研究,对钙芒硝盐样以不同倾角在35℃恒温水中进行溶解速率和速度的实验。结果表明:钙芒硝在35℃恒温水中溶解速率和速度具有角度效应;倾角从90°~-90°变化时,溶解速率和速度越来越大,水溶采矿技术开采钙芒硝时应采用有利于上溶和侧溶,自下而上的开采技术;运用MATLAB对数据进行拟合,得出不同溶解角度下钙芒硝溶解速率和速度随时间变化规律的表达式,对水溶开采钙芒硝的相关研究和盐穴储气库夹层的溶蚀具有一定的指导和参考价值。     

难溶性盐钙芒硝在碱液中溶解特性的实验研究

在分析钙芒硝矿的化学组成和其溶解原理的基础上,通过实验研究了钙芒硝矿在不同碱性溶液中和不同溶解条件下溶解特性。结果表明,钙芒硝在碱性溶液中的溶解速度比较快,由于部分Na2SO4是由化学反应产生,因此属于化学溶解的范畴;钙芒硝在碱性溶液中的溶解速度与碱性强弱有关,碱性强溶解速度快,反之较慢;在溶解过程中会产生微溶物CaSO4,决定了钙芒硝在溶液流动的情况下速度较静态溶液的溶解速度快;实验结论的得出为较难溶于水的钙芒硝矿的地下水溶开采提供了一种有益的方法。     

含镁碳酸盐矿物溶解度模拟计算及对浮选过程的影响

含镁碳酸盐矿物在水中的溶解对浮选过程会产生影响.利用PHREEQC软件对菱镁矿和白云石在纯水中的溶解度进行了模拟计算.结果表明:温度对菱镁矿和白云石溶解度的影响规律不同;当溶液pH值为11时,菱镁矿和白云石的溶解度最低,分别为12.48,10.05 mg/L;除了定位离子,大部分金属阳离子和无机阴离子会增加含镁碳酸盐的溶解度;当菱镁矿、白云石在同一溶液中溶解平衡时,溶解度分别为14.03,3.16 mg/L.十二胺浮选体系中,降低矿物的溶解度有利于该浮选过程.     

微量组分及配料组成对硫硅酸钙矿物形成的影响

研究CaF2 、ZnO和MgO以及配料组成、煅烧温度对硫硅酸钙 ( 2C2 S·CaSO4)单矿物和在贝利特 -硫铝酸盐水泥熟料中形成与分解的影响。结果表明 ,在 12 0 0℃以上 ,少量CaF2 或ZnO能促进 2C2 S·CaSO4的分解 ,而MgO则抑制其形成和分解 ;在多矿物组成体系中 ,碱度系数Cm升高 ,2C2 S·CaSO4的形成量减少 ,当Cm接近等于或大于 1.1时 ,熟料中基本上无 2C2 S·CaSO4形成 ;配料组成中CaSO4的量增加 ,则 2C2 S·CaSO4的形成量增加     

DL-蛋氨酸不同晶型在水中溶解度的研究

用硫酸和氢氧化钠作为调节剂,并采用间接碘量法分析测量了不同温度、不同pH下α和γ型蛋氨酸(DLMet)固体在水中的溶解平衡数据,在分析其离子化溶解机理的基础上建立溶解平衡模型,描述预测其溶解特性.实验结果研究表明:离子化平衡模型可准确地描述蛋氨酸在水中溶解情况和离子化程度,即随pH的增大,两种晶型的DLMet在水中的溶解度先减小后增大,极值点为等电点;温度升高使得两种晶型的DL-Met在水中溶解增加,且溶解度差值缩小.     

钙芒硝岩盐溶解特性的实验研究

通过在NaOH,Na2CO3,NaHCO3, HCl溶液和H2O中的溶解实验,对钙芒硝的溶解特性进行了研究,得出了钙芒硝在氢氧化钠溶液中溶解速度较快的结论。由于其中一部分芒硝是由化学反应而生成的,因此其溶解属于化学溶解。     

高温高压条件下甲烷和二氧化碳溶解度试验

根据不同温度和压力条件下测得的甲烷和二氧化碳两种气体在碳酸氢钠型水中的溶解度数据,对两种气体的溶解度与温度、压力及地层水矿化度之间的关系进行研究。结果表明:在地层水中的溶解机制不同,导致两种气体的溶解度值随温度、压力条件的变化具有不同的演变特征;综合前人低温(小于90℃)测试的溶解度数据,可将甲烷溶解度与温度之间的演变关系划分为缓慢递减(0~80℃)、快速递增(80~150℃)和缓慢递增(大于150℃)3个阶段;二氧化碳溶解度随温度的升高而逐渐降低,随压力升高而逐渐增大,其溶解与析离能力受压力影响更为明显;实际地层中,两种气体间溶解度的差异演变影响了天然气的空间分布。     

邻甲基酚钡的合成及其溶解度的测定

以邻甲基酚和BaCl2为原料合成了邻甲基酚钡．重量法证明，本实验样品的结构式可写为，该化合物新合成的样品和烘干后的样品在水中的溶解度有很大的差别，30℃时溶解度分别是6．60和0．07，50℃时分别是7．59和0．07，表明样品的溶解度随温度变化不大．     

盐效应和共同离子效应对方解石溶解度的影响及其地质意义

储层矿物的生长和溶解受控于成岩流体,在恒定温度条件下,对不同盐度和离子类型溶液体系中的方解石溶解特性进行实验研究。结果表明,在低盐度(20%)条件下,方解石溶解度随盐度增加而增大,但盐度过高会导致方解石溶解度降低,方解石溶解度最大值的盐度区间对应了高孔隙发育带;在相同浓度条件下,MgCl_2体系中方解石的溶解度最大,NaCl体系中次之,KCl中最小,说明Mg~(2+)的盐效应大于Na~+和K~+的盐效应,能促进方解石的溶解;Ca~(2+)会因为共同离子效应而抑制方解石的溶解,反而有助于方解石沉淀(生长),其结果有助于地层保持良好的封闭性;Na_2SO_4的盐效应不明显,随浓度增大,方解石的溶解度快速降低;硫酸根对方解石溶解的抑制作用强于氯离子,表明Na_2SO_4水型可能不利于储层溶蚀次生孔隙的发育。     

三元体系LiI-Li_2SO_4-H_2O在0℃时溶解度的研究

引言体系 LiI—Li_2SO_4—H_2O 的溶解度迄今尚未有人作过,为了找出 LiI 与 Li_2SO_4在水中溶解度的相互影响与化学行为,作者选作了该体系在0℃时溶解度的研究。体系 LiCl—I_4i_2SO_4—H_2O 在30°和25°的溶解度图均被研究过,结果证明 I_4i_2SO_4在水中的溶解度随溶液中 LiCl 含量的增加而迅速的减低。体系的溶解度曲线由两支构成,分别相应于 Li_2SO_4·H_2O 与 LiCl·H_2O,但与 LiCl·H_2O 对应的一支极短,只留下与 Li_2SO_4·H_2O对应的一支。在25℃时共晶点含 Li_2SO_40.02%;含 LiCl45.52%。体系 NaI—Na_2SO_4     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.