板式蒸发冷却器阻力与热工特性实验研究

在改变风量和热水流量的实验条件下,对板式蒸发冷却器阻力和热工性能进行实验研究,在空气雷诺数为2 000～10 000之间,热水雷诺数为2 000～8 000之间的条件下,得到了板式蒸发冷却器的阻力与热工特性.在蒸发冷却时得到了空气侧和热水侧的阻力降关联式.实验结果表明,随着空气迎面风速增大,喷淋导致的阻力降也增大.在空冷条件下得到了空气侧和热水侧的对流换热系数关联式;在蒸发冷却的条件下,得到了空气与喷淋水之间的传质系数关联式.与现有一些光管式、翅片管式蒸发冷却器相比较,板式蒸发冷却器传质系数比光管式小,比翅片管式大.     

横流式冷却塔的热力分析

横流式冷却塔的设计和计算一般是基于Merkel在1925年提出的焓差法,它不但取路易思数等于1,而且忽略了水份蒸发引起水量减少以及进口相对湿度的影响.本文以空气的含湿量差为驱动力,考虑以上因素的影响,推导出它的微分方程组,编制程序进行计算,求得了横流塔的精确解.同时按焓差法编制程序求得横流塔的近似解,并和精确解进行了比较.计算表明焓差法的近似解求得的冷却塔填料容积偏低,偏差一般为10～20%,个别达30%,这在设计横流塔时应认真注意.本文还分析了一系列因素对横流式冷却塔热力性能的影响.其中有:进塔空气的干湿球温度,水温差,冷却幅高,大气压力以及容积散质系数对冷却数和填料体积的影响.还分析了不同地区气侯参数的影响.所得结论对横流塔的设计计算有参考价值.     

管式间接蒸发冷却器中传递过程熵分析及优化

根据不可逆热力学理论,定义了管式间接蒸发冷却器的熵产单元数,并给出了管式间接蒸发冷却器的熵产单元数的解析表达式．分析了换热器结构参数与最小熵产单元数间的关系,指出了提高管式间接蒸发冷却器热力学完善度的基本方向．     

喷雾强化空气冷却器的实验研究

文献上常采用有效膜传热系数的方法来考虑管外水膜传热传质的综合效果，用析湿系数考虑对空气增湿降温的效果，这种基于对数平均温差或ε～ＮＴＵ方法对湿式空冷器进行热计算是比较粗糙和近似的．本文基于Ｍｅｒｋｅｌ的焓差法，用容积散质系数的方法对水膜的传热传质进行分析．在实验过程中改变了空气质流量以及喷水强度，测得有关数据，整理得出βｘｖ值．用多元回归方法得出的βｘｖ关联式，可供喷雾强化空冷器设计时选用     

水质控制技术在蒸发冷却器喷淋系统中的应用

介绍了水质控制技术在大唐国际临汾热电有限责任公司蒸发冷却器喷淋系统改造中的应用,阐述了该公司闭式水蒸发冷却器运行现状,讨论了蒸发冷却器存在问题,分析了腐蚀和积泥产生的原因,提出了喷淋水系统水质控制的措施,以大幅提升蒸发冷却器换热性能,确保盛夏高温季节重要辅机设备的安全可靠运行。     

蒸发式冷却器的传热传质试验研究

对蒸发式冷却器传热传质试验结果的数据处理进行了讨论,重点是它的容积散质系数以及工艺水到水膜的传热系数．介绍了试验台和各测试仪表,给出了对两个试件的测试结果,整理了βｘｖ和Ｋ的变化规律,并与计算结果作了分析对比     

滤池反冲洗水回用的小试研究

研究了滤池反冲洗水和原水混合一并处理时,反冲洗水的加入对水处理混凝沉淀的影响,对于中低浊度、中浊、高浊度原水,加入一定比例（５％￣１０％）的反冲洗水（浊度一般为１０００￣１５００ＮＴＵ）,即可回收利用反冲洗水,又可减少混凝剂的投加量。     

横流式冷却塔Merkel方程组的分析解

通过对饱和空气焓作线性回归，救是了横流式冷却塔Ｍｅｒｋｅｌ方程组的分析解，并在较广的设计工况内（大气压力ｐｂ＝８０～１０１ｋＰａ，进品空气湿球温度τ＝１０～２７℃，进塔水温ｔ１＝３０～５０℃，水气比ＷＧＲ＝０．５～２．５，冷却数ＮＴＵ＝０．４～２．０）与有限差分解进行了比较，结果表明，该解可以满足工程设计需要。     

横流中三维圆形垂直浮力射流特性数值分析

采用κ-ε双方程模型，结合混合有限分析方法对横流中三维圆形垂直热水浮力射流进行了数值模拟．计算所得的温升分布与试验值较为吻合．对射流的流动结构、分叉现象、射流轨迹线等进行了预报，得出了基于速度场和温度场的射流轨迹线不同，横断面上的两个高温区的夹角范围与空气中所得结论一致，影响射流的主要因素是射流对来流的流速比等结论，从而证明了运用该数学模型对横流中三维圆形垂直热水浮力射流进行数值研究的有效性．     

蒸发冷却器冷却方式探讨

火力发电厂的乏汽大都采用了节水的直接空冷系统,而辅助设备的冷却往往采用机械通风冷却塔开式系统;但是如果采用蒸发冷却器,既可以进一步节约电厂用水量,又可以减少电厂自用电量,对于缓解当前全国水资源及能源紧张的情况是大有裨益的。蒸发式冷却器是依靠水膜与空气流间的显热传递和蒸发吸收热量来进行传热交换。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.