软质聚氨酯泡沫阴燃前热解特性及动力学分析

采用差示扫描量热-热重分析(DSC-TGA)同步热分析仪和中温差热分析仪(DTA)对软质聚氨酯泡沫(FPUF)在不同O2浓度下的热解特性、热解动力学及其对阴燃的影响进行研究。结果表明:聚氨酯泡沫热解主要分为2个阶段。第一阶段主要是FPUF分解产生异氰酸酯和多元醇,第二阶段主要为多元醇的分解。当O2体积分数从0增加到50%时,第一阶段热解起始温度和活化能变化很小,第二阶段最大质量分数损失速率对应温度从385℃降低到300℃,活化能从170 kJ/mo1降低到80 kJ/mo1。聚氨酯热解过程中不同类型反应的活化能大小顺序为:多元醇热解活化能聚氨酯热解活化能多元醇氧化活化能。多元醇氧化反应产生的热量是聚氨酯泡沫阴燃时的主要热量来源。因此,O2浓度增加通过加快热解速率、降低反应所需温度和增加放热量来促进阴燃的建立和传播。     

DDPSN对聚氨酯泡沫塑料结构和性能的影响研究

DDPSN是一种含有磷、氮、硫的新型磷系阻燃剂。该文制备了DDPSN阻燃聚氨酯软质泡沫塑料,并对其结构和性能进行了研究。研究发现,DDPSN对聚氨酯泡沫塑料的阻燃性能有明显的改善作用,随着阻燃剂含量的增大,聚氨酯泡沫塑料的阻燃性能提高;DDPSN阻燃剂的添加会影响聚氨酯泡沫塑料的发泡,对制品的泡孔结构和密度产生一定的影响。     

阻燃剂复配对聚氨酯软泡阻燃性能影响的研究

阻燃剂复配及协同阻燃效应的研究是聚氨酯软质泡沫塑料（以下简称软泡）阻燃技术的重要内容之一。本文就ＣＲ（氯代磷酸酯）与三聚氰胺、ＣＲ与玉米淀粉以及氢氧化铝与三聚氰胺复配在通用聚氨酯软泡上的阻燃作用进行了研究，并对结果作了一定分析。     

氯代磷酸酯在软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料中的阻燃作用研究

采用氧指数和水平燃烧两种测定方法,研究了4种氯代磷酸酯阻燃剂在软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料(PUFF)中的阻燃作用,讨论了其阻燃机理和对材料力学性能的影响,通过加速热老化实验,研究了氯代磷酸酯阻燃PUFF材料的热老化稳定性。     

含磷阻燃剂DEEP的合成

以石油醚作溶剂，氨法一步合成中间体亚磷酸三乙酯，再合成目标产物乙基磷酸二乙酯（以下简称DEEP），以DEEP作阻燃剂，在软质聚氨酯制品中进行氧指数测试，结果表明DEEP是软质聚氨酯制品的理想阻燃剂。     

聚磷酸铵/氢氧化镁复配填充聚氨酯硬泡的阻燃性能

摘要: 为了增强聚氨酯硬泡在燃烧过程中的的阻燃性能和抑烟性能,以聚磷酸铵与氢氧化镁组成协效阻燃剂加入聚氨酯中制备了阻燃聚氨酯硬泡。通过临界氧指数测定仪、水平垂直燃烧测定仪、锥形量热仪和电子万能试验机研究了聚磷酸铵和氢氧化镁不同配比对聚氨酯泡沫塑料的阻燃性能、燃烧行为和压缩强度的影响。并用扫描电镜观察了阻燃材料燃烧后残炭的微观结构。结果表明,加入30份聚磷酸铵和10份氢氧化镁的聚氨酯硬泡的氧指数达27.5%,最大热释放速率为113.5 KW/m2,比纯聚氨酯硬泡的最大热释放速率下降了22.3%,最大烟释放速率下降58.9%。成炭致密,有良好的阻燃效果。证明复合阻燃剂加入能够增强聚氨酯材料的阻燃抑烟性能。     

一种新型卤代磷酸酯阻燃剂的合成及应用

目的 研究一种新型卤代磷酸酯的合成工艺,性能及阻燃效能。方法 将合成的磷酸酯用于阻燃软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料（ＦＰＵＦ）,测定该软泡阻燃性能及物理－机械性能,并以此评价该磷酸酯的阻燃作用。结果与结论 伸长率及回弹率降低约１０％,而拉伸强度基本不变。     

聚氨酯泡沫塑料阻燃剂的研究

本文采用环氧氯丙烷和三氯氧磷合成了适宜于聚氨酯泡沫塑料使用的阻燃剂——氯代烷基磷酸酯类化合物。研究选择出适宜的溶剂。并用正交设计试验的方法得出最佳反应条件组合。     

纳米氢氧化镁阻燃剂的制备工艺

本文主要研究了湿法纳米氢氧化镁阻燃剂的制备工艺过程,对制得纳米氢氧化镁阻燃剂进行测试,并将粉体添加到软质PVC体系中测定该体系的活化数、氧指数、拉伸强度和断裂伸长率等.通过单因素优选法和正交试验法分析,结果表明,最佳的工艺条件:聚乙二醇(PEG)为分散剂,硬脂酸为改性剂,分散剂的用量为2.5%,改性时间为90min,改性温度为70℃,改性剂用量为5%(质量分数);添加了纳米氢氧化镁阻燃剂粉体的软质PVC体系的阻燃性能有了显著提高,同时减少了氢氧化镁添加剂的用量和降低了对体系机械力学性能的影响.     

Si-C型聚醚改性聚硅氧烷的合成及其匀泡性能研究

在铂系催化剂作用下,以体系总质量10%的一缩丙二醇为溶剂,使烯丙基聚醚和含氢硅油进行硅氢加成反应,合成Si-C型聚醚改性聚硅氧烷,最佳硅油与聚醚物质的量比为1∶1.15.比较了Speier催化剂和Karstedt催化剂在硅氢加成反应中的催化活性,表明使用络合型Karstedt催化剂后,催化剂铂用量减少至10 mg/kg.产品应用到软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料制备中,匀泡性能与美国L-580相近.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with