湿热环境下NCM三元锂离子电池热失控分析

从高温热滥用角度出发,对高湿高温环境中三元锂离子电池的热失控行为进行实验和模拟的对比分析.选择荷电量(SOC)为50%的镍钴锰三元锂离子动力电池(NCM523)作为研究对象,利用恒定功率1kW 的电热炉作为外加热源,加热660s后撤掉外热源,进行湿热环境下NCM三元锂离子电池热滥用实验,并利用COMSOL多物理场仿真软件进行数值模拟.结果表明:常湿条件下,环境初始温度的提高,造成热失控发生的时刻显著提前.对于SOC为50%的NCM三元锂离子电池,在相对湿度为50%的条件下,当环境初始温度由20℃增加到40℃时,电池达到热失控的时间提前了20.2%;在室温为30℃条件下,当环境湿度由50%增加到100%时,热失控导致的最高温度增加了37.2%.高温高湿环境将造成NCM三元锂离子电池热失控的危险性显著增加.     

热处理对锂离子电池热安全特性的影响

为了研究锂离子电池在遭受不同温度的外部刺激后其行为的差异性,实验对同一荷电状态的锂离子电池进行了不同温度的热处理,并考察了其被热处理后的热失控行为。研究通过分析锂离子电池热失控时间、热失控温度以及热失控时的电压变化,考察了不同热处理温度对同一荷电状态下的锂离子电池热失控特性的影响。研究表明,不同热处理温度对同一荷电状态下的锂离子电池的热失控最高温度及热失控时的电压变化有明显影响。热处理至80℃的锂离子电池热失控时的最高温度高于热处理至60℃及100℃时的锂离子电池。100℃热处理过的锂离子电池热失控时电压最先下降,80℃及60℃热处理过的锂离子紧随其后。实验结果可为高温环境中锂离子电池的安全应用提供理论参考。     

热失控条件下21700型锂离子电池危险性分析

针对锂离子电池热失控引发的民航运输安全问题,利用自主设计的试验平台,以21700型三元锂离子电池为研究对象,探究了不同荷电状态(SOC)的锂离子电池热失控危险特性,包括表面温度、开路电压、电池内阻与质量损失。研究结果表明:21700型单体锂离子电池比18650型锂离子电池额定容量增加了35%,能量密度提高了20%,若出现热安全问题时会更加危险。随着SOC的增加,21700型锂离子电池发生初爆与燃爆的时间间隔缩短。当SOC为20%时,初爆与燃爆时间间隔最长,为471 s;当SOC为40%、60%、80%和100%时,初爆与燃爆时间间隔分别缩短2.5%、18.0%、26.5%和34.0%。锂离子电池发生热失控过程中的表面温度峰值、温升速率与质量损失均随着SOC的增加而增加。锂离子电池在不同荷电状态下发生热失控时,开路电压和电池内阻变化具有一定的规律性。     

振动环境对锂离子电池热失控危险性的影响

基于民航运输锂离子电池过程中所引发的热失控安全问题,以及运输环境存在颠簸。利用自主搭建的实验平台,以21700型单体锂离子电池为研究对象,通过分析锂离子电池在振动环境中开路电压（Open Circuit Voltage,OCV）与内阻变化以及热失控过程中火焰温度与质量损失的变化情况,研究振动环境对锂离子电池性能及热失控危险性的影响。实验结果表明：在振动条件下锂离子电池的OCV基本保持稳定,而内阻值会增加16.7%;相对于空白实验,经过振动处理后锂离子电池发生热失控危险性减弱。直观表现在火焰温度峰值降低9.69%,质量损失减少13.54%;同时利用电压容量微分曲线（dV/dQ）深入分析振动条件对锂离子电池的影响机理。本研究可为提高锂离子电池性能一致性提供理论参考。     

低压环境下锂离子电池的热失控特性分析

针对锂离子电池航空运输过程中热失控安全问题,设计并搭建了锂离子电池热失控实验室平台。在常压和低压环境下,对电加热触发锂离子电池热失控的特性进行了实验研究。通过实验数据的分析发现,锂离子电池在低压环境下的热失控行为与常压下有很大区别,几乎没有燃烧阶段。低压环境下,锂离子电池热失控过程中池体温度和喷射口温度低于常压环境。通过低压下锂离子电池热失控喷射特性的研究,可为航空货运锂离子电池的安全性研究提供数据支撑和理论支持。     

低压环境下锂离子电池热失控特性研究

针对锂离子电池航空运输过程中热失控安全问题,设计并搭建了锂离子电池热失控实验室平台。在常压和低压环境下,对电加热触发锂离子电池热失控的特性进行了实验研究。通过实验数据的分析发现,锂离子电池在低压环境下的热失控行为与常压下有很大区别,几乎没有燃烧阶段。低压环境下,锂离子电池热失控过程中池体温度和喷射口温度低于常压环境。通过低压下锂离子电池热失控喷射特性的研究,可为航空货运锂离子电池的安全性研究提供数据支撑和理论支持。     

受限空间对锂离子电池热失控的影响

针对目前锂离子电池在实际运输及使用过程中通常处于受限空间中这一现状,选取市面上常见的18650型商用锂离子电池作为研究对象,在开放及不同容积(10、20 L)的受限空间中开展热失控实验。通过对比热失控现象与电池在热失控过程中的温度、电压以及实验舱内压力的变化,对锂离子电池热失控危险性进行研究。结果表明:在一定容积范围内,电池荷电状态越高,其安全阀开启温度以及热失控起始温度越低,热失控最高温度越高,电池热失控后的质量损失越大;在相同荷电状态下,环境容积越小,电池热失控最高温度越高,电池火灾危险性越大。荷电状态为100%的电池在10 L容器内热失控最高温度可达887.4℃,热失控时容器内的压力变化为204.1 kPa,质量损失为23.457 g。研究结果可对受限空间中锂离子电池的热失控防控提供理论支撑。     

低压下锂离子电池热失控火焰特性研究

针对锂离子电池航空运输需求不断增大,而低压环境下锂离子电池热失控火焰特性研究甚少的现状,设计了60kPa、80kPa、100kPa三种压力下的锂离子电池热失控实验。在常压和低压环境下,对电加热触发的锂离子电池燃烧火焰特性进行了实验研究。实验结果表明,锂离子电池热失控的燃烧的火焰高度与普通池火不同,锂离子电池燃烧的火焰高度会随着时间而降低。随着压力的降低,锂离子电池热失控的火焰高度和燃烧时长都呈现出降低的趋势。 本文研究可为低压下锂离子电池热失控火行为的研究提供指引和支撑。     

低压下锂离子电池热失控火焰特性

针对锂离子电池航空运输需求不断增大,而低压环境下锂离子电池热失控火焰特性研究甚少的现状,设计了60 k Pa、80 k Pa、100 k Pa三种压力下的锂离子电池热失控实验。在常压和低压环境下,对电加热触发的锂离子电池燃烧火焰特性进行了实验研究。实验结果表明,锂离子电池热失控燃烧的火焰高度与普通池火不同,锂离子电池燃烧的火焰高度会随着时间而降低。随着压力的降低,锂离子电池热失控的火焰高度和燃烧时长都呈现出降低的趋势。     

不同热处理次数对软包锂离子电池热安全性影响

本文通过对三元软包锂电池进行80 ℃高温热处理,模拟研究高温环境对三元软包锂电池热安全性能的影响。对比分析了高温对软包锂电池热失控温度、电压和dV/dQ曲线等的影响。实验发现,随着热处理次数增加,电池充放电容量依次降低,其中第三次热处理对电池容量影响最显著。电池内部结构受损程度逐渐增加,电池内部结构变得脆弱,热失控时间逐渐提前。热失控危害性降低,热失控时电池最高温度依次下降。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with